MEMORANDUM DECISION
FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Mar 28 2017, 10:24 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
T. Alexander Newman Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Larry D. Allen
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Willie Edward Williams, March 28, 2017
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
48A02-1608-CR-2016
v. Appeal from the Madison Circuit
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Angela G. Warner
Appellee-Plaintiff. Sims, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
48C01-1606-F1-1188
Najam, Judge.
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Statement of the Case
[1] Willie Edward Williams appeals his convictions for two counts of child
molesting, one as a Level 1 felony and one as a Level 4 felony, and his
adjudication as a habitual offender following a bench trial. Williams presents a
single issue for our review, namely, whether the State presented sufficient
evidence to support his convictions. And we raise one issue sua sponte, namely,
whether Williams’ convictions violate the prohibition against double jeopardy.
We affirm in part and reverse in part.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On November 11, 2015, Williams, who was forty-two years old at the time, was
visiting at his cousin M.C.’s house in Anderson. M.C. lived there with her
mother, G.C., and M.C.’s children, including her then-thirteen-year-old
daughter T.C. During the late afternoon, M.C. left the house to go shopping
for food for a party to celebrate her friend K.N.’s birthday at K.N.’s house next
door. At approximately 4:30 or 5:00 p.m., Williams and T.C. were alone
together in the living room, and Williams sat next to T.C. on a couch.
Williams “brushed up on” T.C. Tr. at 76. T.C. told Williams to move, and she
“moved him” away. Id. Williams “kept brushing up” against T.C. Id. at 77.
Williams then “stuck his hands in [T.C.’s] pants and then he stuck his finger in
[T.C.’s vagina].” Id. at 79. T.C. then “got up[,] and [she] was crying[,] and
[she] ran next door” to find her grandmother at K.N.’s party. Id. at 81. T.C.
was crying and visibly upset when she arrived at the party, but she would not
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tell anyone what had happened. When M.C. arrived at the party, she found
T.C. crying, but T.C. did not tell her what had happened.
[3] In December 2015, T.C. was placed at the Youth Opportunity Center (“YOC”)
after she engaged in a fight at school. And on January 13, 2016, T.C. told
Shelby Parker, a unit manager at YOC, that Williams had stuck a finger in her
vagina. Parker contacted the Department of Child Services (“DCS”) to report
the incident, and DCS began an investigation into T.C.’s allegation. During a
forensic interview on January 21, T.C. stated as follows: while she could not
remember the date of the molestation by Williams, she stated that it “happened
in the fall” when it was “cold outside”1 Defendant’s Ex. 2; she had had a
doctor’s appointment earlier the day it happened; and T.C.’s mother had gone
to the grocery store and her grandmother was at a friend’s house next door at
the time of the molestation.
[4] The State charged Williams with two counts of child molesting, one as a Level
1 felony and one as a Level 4 felony. The State also alleged that Williams was
a habitual offender. At the ensuing bench trial, the State presented four
witnesses: M.C., T.C.’s neighbor K.N., Parker, and T.C. The witnesses’
testimony corroborated T.C.’s allegation that the molestation had occurred on
November 11, 2015, when a large party was going on at K.N.’s house. But the
witnesses’ testimony was inconsistent regarding whether Williams was at T.C.’s
1
Apparently, Parker told someone at DCS that T.C. had told her that the incident occurred in February
2015.
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house when M.C. left for the store, how long M.C. was at the store, and what
time Williams showed up at the party. In addition, T.C.’s testimony differed
from the DCS reports of its investigation regarding the date of the incident and
what Williams had been doing before he stuck his hand down T.C.’s pants. At
the conclusion of the bench trial, the trial court found Williams guilty as
charged, and Williams admitted to being a habitual offender. The trial court
entered judgment accordingly and sentenced Williams to an aggregate sentence
of forty-five years executed. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision
[5] In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we do not reweigh the
evidence or assess the credibility of the witnesses. Sharp v. State, 42 N.E.3d 512,
516 (Ind. 2015). Rather, we look to the evidence and reasonable inferences
drawn therefrom that support the judgment, and we will affirm the conviction if
there is probative evidence from which a reasonable jury could have found the
defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[6] Williams’ sole contention on appeal is that T.C.’s testimony was incredibly
dubious and cannot support his convictions. The incredible dubiosity rule
allows an appellate court to “impinge on the jury’s responsibility to judge the
credibility of the witnesses only when it has confronted inherently improbable
testimony or coerced, equivocal, wholly uncorroborated testimony of incredible
dubiosity.” Moore v. State, 27 N.E.3d 749, 755 (Ind. 2015) (citations omitted).
In Moore, our supreme court clarified that “the appropriate scope of the
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incredible dubiosity rule as utilized in Indiana and other jurisdictions requires
that there be: 1) a sole testifying witness; 2) testimony that is inherently
contradictory, equivocal, or the result of coercion; and 3) a complete absence of
circumstantial evidence.” Id. at 756.
[7] Here, Williams’ argument focuses on the inconsistencies between the DCS
reports on its investigation into T.C.’s allegations, including interviews with
T.C., and T.C.’s trial testimony, as well as the inconsistencies in the trial
witnesses’ testimony regarding the timeline of certain events. But Williams
cannot satisfy the first prong of the Moore test because four witnesses testified at
trial. And Williams cannot satisfy the third prong because the State presented
circumstantial evidence to support T.C.’s testimony, namely, M.C.’s and
K.N.’s testimony that T.C. arrived at the party on November 11, 2015, crying
and upset. Because Williams cannot satisfy the first and third prongs of the
Moore test, we need not address the second prong. Williams’ contention on this
issue is without merit, and the State presented sufficient evidence to support his
convictions.
[8] That being said, we raise another issue sua sponte, namely, whether Williams’
convictions violate double jeopardy principles. Entry of conviction for both an
offense and a lesser-included offense “is impermissible under both state and
federal double jeopardy rules.” Wentz v. State, 766 N.E.2d 351, 359-60 (Ind.
2002). An offense is an inherently lesser included offense when it may be
established by proof of the same material elements or less than all the material
elements that define the “greater” crime charged. Smith v. State, 881 N.E.2d
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1040, 1046 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). Stated another way, an offense is an
inherently lesser included offense “if it is impossible to commit the greater
offense without first having committed the lesser.” Bush v. State, 772 N.E.2d
1020, 1023-24 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002) (citing Zachary v. State, 469 N.E.2d 744, 749
(Ind. 1984)), trans. denied. Of course, “if the evidence indicates that one crime is
independent of another crime, it is not an included offense.” Wilhelmus v. State,
824 N.E.2d 405, 416 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (citing Ingram v. State, 718 N.E.2d
379 N.E.2d 381 (Ind. 1999)). Thus, whether an offense is included in another
“requires careful examination of the facts and circumstances of each particular
case.” Iddings v. State, 772 N.E.2d 1006, 1017 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans.
denied.
[9] Here, Williams was convicted of child molesting, as a Level 1 felony, and child
molesting, as a Level 4 felony. Indiana Code Section 35-42-4-3 (2017) provides
in relevant part as follows:
(a) A person who, with a child under fourteen (14) years of age,
knowingly or intentionally performs or submits to sexual
intercourse or other sexual conduct commits child molesting,
a Level 3 felony. However, the offense is a Level 1 felony if:
(1) it is committed by a person at least twenty-one
(21) years of age[.]
***
(b) A person who, with a child under fourteen (14) years of age,
performs or submits to any fondling or touching, of either the child
or the older person, with intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual
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desires of either the child or the older person, commits child
molesting, a Level 4 felony.
[10] Child molesting, as a Level 4 felony, is a lesser-included offense of child
molesting, as a Level 1 felony. And evidence of the same act of molestation,
namely, Williams’ placing his finger in T.C.’s vagina on a single occasion, was
used to support both convictions. We hold that Williams’ convictions violate
the prohibition against double jeopardy, and we reverse his conviction for child
molesting, as a Level 4 felony. Because the trial court ordered his sentences to
run concurrently, and because the trial court enhanced the Level 1 felony for
the habitual offender adjudication, there is no need for resentencing.
[11] Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Riley, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
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Willie Edward Williams v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion