MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Mar 29 2017, 10:10 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Clayton W. Morgan Zachariah M. Phillips
Indianapolis, Indiana The Law Office of Melissa
Winkler-York
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Adam Weddle, March 29, 2017
Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No.
49A02-1605-DR-962
v. Appeal from the Marion Superior
Court
Theresa Perry-Weddle, The Honorable Michael D. Keele,
Appellee-Petitioner. Judge
The Honorable Victoria
Ransberger, Magistrate
Trial Court Cause No.
49D07-0708-DR-32614
Robb, Judge.
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Case Summary and Issue
[1] Theresa Perry (“Mother”) and Adam Weddle (“Father”) are the parents of
Z.W. and divorced in 2008. In 2014, the trial court modified custody of Z.W.,
awarding Mother primary physical and sole legal custody. Father now appeals,
raising two issues for our review, which we consolidate and state as whether the
trial court abused its discretion in modifying child custody. Concluding the
trial court did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] In December 2008, the trial court issued a written decree dissolving Mother’s
and Father’s marriage. As a part of the decree, the trial court awarded the
parties joint legal custody with Father to have primary physical custody. By
2010, Mother and Father shared parenting time equally.
[3] In August 2014, Father gave Z.W. a prescription pill not prescribed for Z.W.,
which caused side effects. Thereafter, Mother refused to return Z.W. to
Father’s care and filed a verified petition to modify custody. Following
hearings on the matter, the trial court issued findings of fact and conclusions—
at Mother’s request—awarding Mother primary physical and sole legal custody
of Z.W.:
Findings of Fact
1. . . . This judicial officer has been the sole judicial officer for
this family for nearly 8 years. . . . After almost 6 years, post-
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dissolution, [Z.W.]’s parents had a major disagreement on
[Z.W.]’s care. . . . This Court appointed Kids’ Voice as GAL for
[Z.W.] in October 2014, and several reports have been filed. . . .
This lengthy proceeding has taken a toll on the child. . . . [Z.W.]
is now nearly 13 years of age.
***
5. During the first week of August of 2014, Father gave [Z.W.]
prescription medication that was not prescribed for [Z.W.] and
which had side effects to him. . . .
6. [Z.W.] was becoming visibly upset, acting out and vomiting
when it was time to go to Father’s for parenting time during . . .
summer 2014. In this same time period, Father moved his new
girlfriend, Ashley, who had just turned age 21, along with her 2
year old daughter into his home. Father described defiant
behavior on the part of [Z.W.] and indicated that [Z.W.] did not
obey Ashley or take direction from her. [Z.W.] told therapists
and others about Ashley coming home from the movies drunk;
Father explained Ashley’s behavior as “giddy” because she was
just turning age 21. . . . [T]he Court ordered that [Z.W.]
temporarily remain with Mother and that Father have supervised
parenting time pending the results of the investigation. . . .
7. [Z.W.]’s counselor Alexandra Swackhamer with Families
First, submitted a status report to the Court in 2014, detailing
abuse allegations that [Z.W.] had made regarding his Father. . . .
8. [Z.W.] began attending school through Perry Township
Schools, which is the school district in which Mother resides.
Mother has resided in Perry Township since approximately 2008
when the Parties[’] marriage was initially dissolved.
9. When these parents divorced, Father was residing in Franklin
Township. He relocated in 2014 to Mooresville School District,
but moved again in 2015 to Warren Township. Father’s move to
Warren Township occurred after [Z.W.] had already been
enrolled in and adjusted back to traditional school through Perry
Township.
***
11. The . . . investigations did not substantiate abuse. The GAL
spent many hours with this family and found some of [Z.W.]’s
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accusations to be embellished or exaggerated, because he wanted
to continue living with Mother.
***
13. Around the time of Father’s move to Mooresville, he had
also moved his girlfriend Ashley and her daughter into his home.
Father summoned police to his home within less than a year
because Ashley had friends who were staying in Father’s home,
smoking pot and refusing to leave. During the hearing on
1/19/16, Father asserted that his girlfriend’s preschool child was
no longer living with them. Although the timing of this event
seemed a bit convenient, it was even more interesting that at the
time of the final segment on 2/23/16, Father said that although
he and Ashley were still dating, Ashley too had moved from his
house to her Mother’s home. Father blamed these disruptions of
his personal life on the custody matter involving [Z.W.] and
[Z.W.]’s dislike of Ashley. Father shared these conclusions with
[Z.W.]
14. It is clear that among other problems, [Z.W.] was having
continuing adjustment issues to Ashley and her daughter living in
Father’s home. Father could have followed up on a GAL
recommendation to take a class on blending families. Instead,
Father appears to have asked Ashley to relocate and either in a
misguided attempt to have [Z.W.] recognize that Father is
supportive of him, or to place blame, he has let [Z.W.] know that
[Z.W.]’s relationship with Ashley was the reason this occurred.
15. . . . Father was to take the minor child to all of his counseling
appointments during his summer parenting time. Father did not
take the minor child to his group therapy during his summer
parenting time and would not cooperate with Mother to allow
her to continue the child’s therapy.
***
18. The Guardian Ad Litem has filed several reports to this
Court with status updates and findings from his investigation.
The GAL has done an excellent job and has made a difference in
the life of this minor child. The GAL has not technically seen a
change in circumstance such that he would recommend that
physical custody be transferred to Mother. The Guardian Ad
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Litem has recommended that the Parties share as close to a
50/50 split in parenting time as possible; however, he does note
that it may be more practical for [Z.W.] to reside primarily with
Mother due to Father’s move. . . .
19. All parties agree that [Z.W.] is doing well in his current
school. [Z.W.] has an [individualized education program],
carries a diagnosis of ADHD and requires some modification in
his school curriculum. He is enrolled in a new program in Perry
Township that is unique compared to other schools. It is a
hybrid of special education classes and regular education classes.
[Z.W.] has class with the same group of students, is able to
receive one-on-one assistance from school personnel and has
extra math classes.
20. All Parties agree that Warren Township where Father resides
does not have a program similar to Perry Township and in fact,
although the [individual education program] could be transferred
to Warren Township, [Z.W.] would have to attend either special
education classes or regular classes and would not receive the
additional individual assistance. Father has relocated two times
and not to Perry Township where [Z.W.] would have continuity
in his education. The fact that [Z.W.] has had learning
difficulties, was home-schooled for a long period of time and has
had emotional issues, including experiencing bullying, leads the
Court to the conclusion that [Z.W.] should remain in his present
school.
***
23. [Z.W.] has attended counseling with either Ms. Swackhamer
or Community Health Network on a weekly, bi-weekly, or
monthly basis, depending on his needs, since October 2014.
Father has only attended one counseling session during this
entire time. Mother has attended all counseling sessions except
one that was rescheduled by Father, during his parenting time.
[Z.W.] has had several doctor appointments since October 2014.
Father has only attended one appointment relating to a re-
evaluation regarding [Z.W.]’s ADHD medication. After
evaluation with both Parties present, [Z.W.]’s doctor has
continued to prescribe Strattera for his ADHD, despite Father’s
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belief that this medication is not needed. According to the GAL,
[Z.W.] reports that his medication helps him focus and that
[Z.W.] wants to continue taking the medication.
24. Father has stated that he would give [Z.W.] the medication if
it was still recommended by his doctor; however, Father had
previously taken his child off of the medication over the summer
of 2015 despite the Doctor’s statement that the medication
needed to be either completely discontinued over the summer or
it needed to be taken as prescribed. Instead, without informing
Mother, Father took [Z.W.] off of the medication during his
alternating weeks in the summer against Doctor’s
recommendations.
***
26. Mother seems to have more flexibility and ability to make
sure [Z.W.]’s educational, medical and emotional needs are
met. . . .
Conclusions of Law
***
3. It is in [Z.W.]’s best interest that physical custody be granted
to Mother. Since the dissolution settlement, these parents
adjusted their agreement to fit [Z.W.]’s education needs by
having Mother home-school him. Further, Mother began
sharing physical custody as a part of the increased time spent at
Mother’s house for education.
4. When Father moved to Mooresville and allowed Ashley and
her very young child to move in, [Z.W.]’s behavior changed.
Although [Z.W.]’s allegations of abuse by Father became
increasingly grandiose such that the allegations were rather hard
to believe, the child continued to profess fear of being in his
Father’s home. All parties agree that the child’s emotional state
was fragile such that [Z.W.] would be so upset as to vomit and
act out by screaming, throwing things and running to his room.
5. [Z.W.] has made remarkable progress in his Mother’s primary
care. . . .
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6. There has been a substantial change in the circumstances of
the Parties. . . .
7. . . . Probably most confusing for this Court is Father’s
decision to move first to Mooresville and then to Warren
Township when he has been fully aware of the child’s special
education needs which are now being met in the Perry Township
schools.
8. At the time that Mother filed her request to modify custody,
there had clearly been a substantial change in [Z.W.]’s
interactions with Father. . . .
9. Beginning in the summer of 2014, [Z.W.] was suffering from
very significant mental health issues which required and continue
to require counseling to keep them under control. [Z.W.]’s
mental health providers have indicated a continuing need for him
to attend individual counseling. [Z.W.] has also been diagnosed
with ADHD and said diagnosis occurred after the Decree was
entered in 2008.
10. Probably the most significant change in the factors for
[Z.W.] relates to the change in his adjustment to home, school,
and community. . . .
***
13. Father has made some poor choices with regards to [Z.W.]’s
well-being such as giving him a medication not prescribed to
him, allowing individuals to stay in the home who are using
illegal substances and taking [Z.W.] off of his medication against
the recommendation of the child’s doctor. Father also
acknowledged that [Z.W.] was not adjusting well to Ashley and
her daughter residing with him; however, he did not take the
GAL’s advice to take a class that would help him address
blending a family. . . .
14. Mother appears to be more focused on making sure that
[Z.W.]’s needs are met per the advice and recommendations of
the professionals involved including his doctors and school
personnel. Mother has been very involved with making sure
[Z.W.] receives counseling and all services needed for the
adjustments he has had to undergo since October 2014. . . .
15. In considering the determination of legal custody, Mother
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and Father do agree they are presently unable to communicate
effectively, thus warranting one parent to be named as [Z.W.]’s
legal custodian.
16. Mother has been primarily responsible for [Z.W.]’s
educational and medical needs. Father has not been involved
with the appointments, nor did he indicate that he would become
more involved. Further, the Parties have a major disagreement
regarding [Z.W.]’s diagnosis of ADHD and the appropriate
treatment for the same. Mother seems to align herself with the
recommendations of the professionals and to follow what the
professionals advise whereas Father seems more likely, and has
actually done so, to act in the manner he believes is appropriate
even if it is contradictory to the advice of the professionals.
Mother shall be the legal custodian of [Z.W.]
[4] Appellant’s Appendix, Volume 2 at 19-35. Father now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
[5] Child custody modifications are reviewed for an abuse of discretion and we
grant latitude and deference to our trial judges in family law matters. Miller v.
Carpenter, 965 N.E.2d 104, 108 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). On appeal, we neither
reweigh the evidence nor reassess witness credibility. Id. Rather, we consider
only the evidence most favorable to the judgment and the inferences flowing
therefrom. Id.
[6] Where, as here, the trial court issues findings of fact and conclusions at the
request of one of the parties, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. Maddux
v. Maddux, 40 N.E.3d 971, 974 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). First, we determine
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whether the evidence supports the findings, and second, whether the findings
support the judgment. Id. We will reverse a trial court’s decision if there is no
evidence supporting the findings or the findings fail to support the judgment.
Id. We review the trial court’s findings of fact using a clearly erroneous
standard. Id. “Clear error occurs when our review of the evidence most
favorable to the judgment leaves us firmly convinced that a mistake has been
made. We review the conclusions of law using a de novo standard.” Id. at 974-
75.
II. Physical Custody
[7] Father argues the trial court’s decision to modify physical custody of Z.W. was
clearly erroneous. Specifically, he claims there is no evidence showing a
substantial change in circumstances justifying the modification. We disagree.
[8] A trial court may not modify a child custody order unless the modification is in
the best interests of the child and there is a substantial change in at least one of
the following factors:
(1) The age and sex of the child.
(2) The wishes of the child’s parent or parents.
(3) The wishes of the child, with more consideration given to the
child's wishes if the child is at least fourteen (14) years of age.
(4) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with:
(A) the child’s parent or parents;
(B) the child’s sibling; and
(C) any other person who may significantly affect the
child’s best interests.
(5) The child’s adjustment to the child’s:
(A) home;
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(B) school; and
(C) community.
(6) The mental and physical health of all individuals involved.
(7) Evidence of a pattern of domestic or family violence by either
parent.
(8) Evidence that the child has been cared for by a de facto
custodian . . . .
Ind. Code § 31-17-2-21(a); Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8. The trial court shall also
consider these factors in determining whether custody modification is in the
best interests of the child. Ind. Code § 31-17-2-21(b).
[9] Here, we must first commend the trial court for its thorough findings of fact and
conclusions thereon, which has greatly facilitated our review of its decision. As
quoted above, the trial court made specific findings detailing Z.W.’s
development since Mother’s and Father’s divorce and the substantial changes
that have since occurred. We note Z.W. was diagnosed with ADHD since the
original custody order. See Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8(6). The findings further
indicate Z.W.’s relationship with Mother has blossomed and his relationship
with Father has deteriorated. See Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8(4)(A). Regardless of
whether Z.W.’s allegations of abuse were substantiated, the fact Z.W. made
these allegations speaks to a detrimental change of circumstances between Z.W.
and Father. It is also apparent Z.W. does not get along with Father’s girlfriend,
Ashley, an individual who may significantly affect Z.W.’s best interests. See
Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8(4)(C); Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8(5)(A). Although Father
stated Ashley and her child moved out of his home, the trial court did not find
these assertions credible: “The convenient timing of Father’s assertions that
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neither Ashley nor her child reside in his home appears to be a sham. This
Court fully expects that once the decision is entered on this modification
matter, Father will have his girlfriend and her child back in his home.”
Appellant’s App., Vol. 2 at 30. As to Z.W.’s schooling, the findings establish
he is thriving in his Perry Township school where he receives special attention
from school personnel. An order awarding Father primary physical custody
would force Z.W. to be removed from the school. See Ind. Code § 31-17-2-
8(5)(B). We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding a
substantial change in one or more circumstances and awarding Mother primary
physical custody of Z.W.
III. Legal Custody
[10] Father also challenges the trial court’s decision naming Mother as Z.W.’s sole
legal custodian. Specifically, he claims the decision is not in Z.W.’s best
interests. We disagree.
[11] In its discretion, a trial court may award legal custody of a child jointly if the
court finds the award would be in the best interest of the child. Ind. Code § 31-
17-2-13. “In determining whether an award of joint legal custody . . . would be
in the best interest of the child, the court shall consider it a matter of primary,
but not determinative, importance that the persons awarded joint custody have
agreed to an award of joint legal custody.” Ind. Code § 31-17-2-15. As noted
above, “A court may not modify a child custody order that granted joint legal
custody unless (1) the modification is in the best interests of the child; and (2)
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there is a substantial change in one or more of the factors a court may consider
Indiana Code § 31-17-2-8 when it originally determines custody.” Higginbotham
v. Higginbotham, 822 N.E.2d 609, 611 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (citation omitted).
[12] We see no error. We have previously detailed the substantial changes in
numerous factors delineated in Indiana Code section 31-17-2-8 in this case. See
supra Part II. As to whether the decision is in Z.W.’s best interests, Father
appears to only challenge the trial court’s Conclusion 15, which provides, “In
considering the determination of legal custody, Mother and Father do agree
that they are presently unable to communicate effectively, thus warranting one
parent to be named as [Z.W.]’s legal custodian.” Appellant’s App., Vol. 2 at
33. Father argues the evidence shows the parents are able to work together to
meet Z.W.’s needs. However, Father’s argument is merely an invitation for us
to reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. See Miller, 965 N.E.2d at 108.
Nonetheless, we agree with the trial court that awarding Mother sole legal
custody is in Z.W.’s best interests. Z.W. has lived primarily with Mother of late
and Mother has therefore been primarily responsible for Z.W.’s medical and
educational needs. Mother has fully participated in Z.W.’s schooling, attended
Z.W.’s doctor appointments and counseling sessions, and followed the
recommendations of Z.W.’s doctors, counselors, and educators. As to Father,
we note Mother sought modification of custody due to Father providing Z.W.
with a prescription pill not prescribed for Z.W. In addition, Father has
demonstrated a lack of willingness to follow doctor’s recommendations,
evidenced by Father’s assertions that Z.W. does not need medication and then
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taking Z.W. off that medication on his own initiative. As the trial court noted,
“Father seems to assume at times that he knows what is best for [Z.W.]
regardless of the opinions of the professionals.” Appellant’s App., Vol. 2 at 33.
We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding sole legal
custody to Mother.
Conclusion
[13] The trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding Mother primary physical
custody and sole legal custody. Accordingly, we affirm.
[14] Affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Barnes, J., concur.
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Adam Weddle v. Theresa Perry-Weddle (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion