IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2016-IA-00392-SCT
HERMAN GRANT CO., INC.
v.
JO ANN WASHINGTON, ADMINISTRATOR OF
THE ESTATE OF CARL W. WASHINGTON, JO
ANN WASHINGTON, INDIVIDUALLY AND
DERRICK FRONTRELL JONES AND JAMES R.
“RUSTY” BRADFORD
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 03/08/2016
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. EDDIE H. BOWEN
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: JASPER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: RYAN JEFFREY MITCHELL
RICHARD O. BURSON
KATHERINE BISNETTE SUMRALL
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: JAMES W. NOBLES, JR.
WILLIAM R. RUFFIN
JOSEPH TALLY SIMS
JOHN WINCIE LEE, JR.
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WRONGFUL DEATH
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 03/30/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
EN BANC.
KING, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Herman Grant Company (“Herman Grant”) filed this interlocutory appeal, asking the
Court to determine if the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Jasper County abused
its discretion by denying its motion to transfer venue to the Second Judicial District of Jones
County. Because the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to transfer venue,
we reverse the trial court and remand the case for further proceedings. Venue is proper in the
Second Judicial District of Jones County, where a substantial event that caused the injury
occurred.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On May 29, 2013, at Dunn Road Builders, LLC, in Laurel, Mississippi, a Load Cell
Pod assembly, which was part of a Weigh Pod Fly Ash Hopper and Load Cell Suspension
System sold and shipped to Dunn Road Builders, LLC, by Herman Grant and Coti, Inc.
(“Coti”), collapsed, striking Carl Washington and James Rusty Bradford. Both men
sustained spinal fractures and other injuries. Washington died on June 13, 2013, as a result
of his injuries. Bradford and the Estate of Washington (Washington) filed suit against
Herman Grant, a Tennessee Corporation, and Coti, an Alabama Corporation, alleging that
the Weigh Pod System product package was defective when it left the premises of Herman
Grant and caused the injuries and death of Washington and the injuries and damages to
Bradford.
¶3. Bradford and Washington alleged that venue was proper in the First Judicial District
of Jasper County pursuant to Mississippi Code Section 11-11-3(1)(b) because “[n]either
Herman Grant Company nor Coti, Inc., has qualified to do business within the State of
Mississippi, neither has a principal place of business in this state and neither has appointed
an agent for process within this State. Plaintiff Derrick Frontell Jones is a resident citizen
of the First Judicial District of Jasper County, Mississippi.”
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¶4. Herman Grant filed a Motion to Transfer Venue, alleging that venue was not proper
in the First Judicial District of Jasper County. Herman Grant argued that Bradford and
Washington failed to follow the mandatory directive of Section 11-11-3(1)(a) and instead
relied on the permissive language of Section 11-11-3(1)(b) placing venue in the First Judicial
District of Jasper County. Herman Grant maintained that venue was proper in Jones County
because it was the county where the “substantial alleged act or omission occurred or where
a substantial event that caused the injury occurred.” Herman Grant thus requested that the
trial court transfer venue to the Second Judicial District of Jones County, where the accident
occurred.
¶5. In response, Bradford and Washington argued that venue was proper in the First
Judicial District of Jasper County because the substantial alleged act or omissions, namely
the product defects, occurred in Tennessee and Alabama, not in Mississippi. Bradford and
Washington alleged that only the result of those substantial acts, or the manufacturing
defects, occurred in Jones County. Additionally, Bradford and Washington argued that the
acts of Herman Grant and Coti, not the acts of Bradford and Washington, established venue.
¶6. Herman Grant argued that the actions which occurred in Jones County were the
precise actions the venue statute contemplated when describing properly laid venue. Herman
Grant contended that it shipped the weigh pod system to Dunn Road Builders, LLC, in parts.
The parts were then “accepted, assembled, erected, and perhaps, most importantly, altered
such that the injuries that precipitated this lawsuit occurred.” Bradford testified about the
extensive installation work which had to be completed in order to assemble the weigh pod
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system. Bradford also testified that he altered the lengths of the rods from the dimensions
on the drawings provided by Herman Grant. Herman Grant argued that the “installation of
the weigh pod system, alteration of the system from the design specifications provided by
HGC, the alleged failure of the purchased products, and the occurrence of the injury” all
occurred in Jones County. Additionally, the accident occurred and the injuries and damages
were inflicted in Jones County.
¶7. At the hearing on the motion to transfer venue, Herman Grant stated that its argument
was very simple. Section 11-11-3(b) could only be invoked if venue was not available under
Section 11-11-3(a). Because Section 11-11-3(a) provided that venue was proper in the
county where a substantial alleged act or omission occurred or where a substantial event that
caused the injury occurred, venue was proper in Jones County. Herman Grant argued that
the Complaint specifically alleged that Bradford and Washington were injured when the
weigh pod system broke loose and fell on them at Dunn Road Builder’s plant in Laurel,
Mississippi.
¶8. Bradford and Washington argued that the venue statute contemplated the actions of
the defendant, not the actions of the plaintiffs – in other words, where the damage occurred
to the products as a result of the negligence of the defendants. Because this was a defective
product case, they asserted that the negligence of the defendants occurred in Tennessee and
Alabama.
¶9. Herman Grant argued that Section 11-11-3(b) should not even be considered since
there was a venue option under subsection (a). The event which led to the injuries and
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damages of Bradford and Washington occurred in Jones County. Herman Grant agreed that
a substantial event occurred outside of the State of Mississippi, but it also contended that a
substantial act occurred in Jones County.
¶10. The judge denied the motion to transfer venue from the bench, holding that:
In applying Section 11-11-3 to the present case, this Court finds that the
defendant corporations do not have a principal place of business in the State
of Mississippi. Likewise, the defendants do not have registered agents for
process in Mississippi. The parties acknowledge that the defendants are not
Mississippi corporations and do not do business in the State of Mississippi.
This case involves allegations of a defective product. It is unclear to this
Court whether the substantial event relating to the alleged defective design and
manufacture of the product occurred in Mississippi or another state. While the
plaintiffs were injured in the First [sic] Judicial District of Jones County, the
plaintiffs allege that the injuries were a result of design and manufacturing
defects which occurred outside the State of Mississippi.
The Court must give the plaintiffs the benefit of the reasonable doubt
where there is credible evidence supporting the factual basis for the claim of
venue. The Mississippi Supreme Court has further held that the plaintiff’s
choice of venue must be sustained unless in the end there is no credible
evidence supporting the factual basis for the claim of venue. Derrick Jones, the
plaintiff, testified before this Court that he was a resident citizen of the First
Judicial District of Jasper County and a legal heir to Carl Washington. Without
a clear significant act or omission of the defendant related in Jones County
related to the defect of the defendants’ products, the Court finds that venue is
proper in the First Judicial District of Jasper County, Mississippi.
¶11. Herman Grant appealed, raising one issue1 to be addressed by this Court:
Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying Herman Grant’s
Motion to Transfer Venue when Plaintiffs filed suit in the county of residence
of a Plaintiff (Jasper County) instead of the county where a substantial alleged
1
Bradford and Washington argue that Herman Grant waived any right to challenge
venue. While they raised this issue in briefing before the trial court, they failed to raise it
at the hearing, and the trial court did not rule on waiver. We therefore decline to address this
issue.
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act or omission occurred (Jones County) and where a substantial event that
caused the injury occurred (Jones County).
ANALYSIS
¶12. “An abuse of discretion standard of review is applied by this Court when reviewing
the trial court’s denial of a motion to change venue.” Merch. v. Forest Family Practice
Clinic, P.A., 67 So. 3d 747, 754 (Miss. 2011) (quoting Crenshaw v. Roman, 942 So. 2d 806,
809 (Miss. 2006)). A trial judge’s ruling on such motion “will not be disturbed on appeal
unless it clearly appears that there has been an abuse of discretion or that the discretion has
not been justly and properly exercised under the circumstances of the case.” Park on
Lakeland Drive, Inc. v. Spence, 941 So. 2d 203, 206 (Miss. 2006) (quoting Austin v. Wells,
919 So. 2d 961, 964 (Miss. 2006)).
¶13. Section 11-11-3 of the Mississippi Code states:
(1)(a)(i) Civil actions of which the circuit court has original jurisdiction shall
be commenced in the county where the defendant resides, or, if a corporation,
in the county of its principal place of business, or in the county where a
substantial alleged act or omission occurred or where a substantial event that
caused the injury occurred.
(ii) Civil actions alleging a defective product may also be
commenced in the county where the plaintiff obtained the
product.
(b) If venue in a civil action against a nonresident defendant cannot be asserted
under paragraph (a) of this subsection (1), a civil action against a nonresident
may be commenced in the county where the plaintiff resides or is domiciled.
Miss. Code Ann. § 11-11-3 (Rev. 2004). “[T]he interpretation of a statute is a question of
law requiring this Court to apply a de novo standard of review.” Hedgepeth v. Johnson, 975
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So. 2d 235, 237 (Miss. 2008). However, this Court has previously held that the language of
this statute is plain and unambigous:
Clearly, Section 11-11-3(1)(a)(i) lays out four venue options from which
plaintiffs can choose when filing a lawsuit. The first two are based on the
status of the defendant; that is, if the defendant is a resident defendant, the suit
may be filed in his county of residence; or, if the defendant is a corporation,
the suit may be filed in the county of its principal place of business. The latter
two venue options focus on the alleged acts or omissions of the defendants;
that is, the suit may be filed where a substantial alleged act or omission
occurred; or, finally, suit may be filed where a substantial event that caused the
injury occurred. According to the clear language of the statute, “[c]ivil actions
of which the circuit court has original jurisdiction shall be commenced in” one
of these four places.
Hedgepeth, 975 So. 2d at 238-39. Therefore, this Court applies the clear meaning of the
statute, laying out the four mandatory venue options for a plaintiff filing a lawsuit. If no
proper venue is available under Section 11-11-3(1)(a), only then does Section 11-11-3(1)(b)
apply.
¶14. The dispute presented by this case concerns whether Bradford’s and Washington’s
choice of venue, the First Judicial District of Jasper County, is a proper venue for this action.
“It is the plaintiff’s prerogative to decide where, among permissible venues, to sue the
defendant. Forrest County Gen. Hosp. v. Conway, 700 So. 2d 324, 326 (Miss. 1997).
Therefore, absent weighty reasons, a plaintiff’s choice of forum should not be disturbed.
Purdue Pharma, L.P. v. Estate of Heffner, 904 So. 2d 100, 102 (Miss. 2004).” Bayer Corp.
v. Reed, 932 So. 2d 786, 788-89 (Miss. 2006). Neither of the first two venue options under
Section 11-11-3 is applicable in this case. No defendant resides in Mississippi, Herman
Grant’s principal place of business is in Tennessee, and Coti’s principal place of business is
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in Alabama. Bradford and Washington allege that the “defects which were designed into,
manufactured, shipped, and sold to Dunn Road Builders, LLC, for [their use], occurred in
Tennessee and Alabama.” Therefore, the third option under the venue statute is not
applicable. So we must examine whether a “substantial event that cause the injury occurred”
in the Second Judicial District of Jones County.2
¶15. In Holmes v. McMillan, 21 So. 3d 614 (Miss. 2009), Holmes was involved in a motor
vehicle accident with McMillan in the roundabout intersection at the entrance of the Jackson-
Evers International Airport. Holmes, 21 So. 3d at 615. After the accident, McMillan filed
a claim for uninsured motorist benefits with her insurance company, State Farm. Id. at 616.
State Farm refused to pay McMillan a satisfactory amount, and McMillan filed a complaint
in the County Court of Hinds County, alleging breach of contract against State Farm and
negligent conduct against Holmes. Id. State Farm and Holmes moved to transfer venue,
which was denied by the trial court, holding Hinds County was proper because the airport’s
property fell within the jurisdiction of the City of Jackson. Id.
¶16. Reversing the trial court’s denial of the motion to transfer venue, this Court held:
Pursuant to Section 11-11-3(1)(a)(I), this Court holds that the plaintiff cannot
establish venue in Hinds County pursuant to any basis provided for in the
statute for the following reasons: (1) Holmes, the resident defendant, resided
in Rankin County at the time of the accident; (2) corporate defendant State
Farm’s principal place of business is in Bloomington, Illinois, i.e., outside of
Mississippi; (3) under the facts of this case, the communications received in
Hinds County by McMillan between himself and State Farm are not sufficient
to show that a “substantial alleged act or omission occurred” in Hinds County,
2
If no substantial event causing Bradford’s and Washington’s injuries occurred in the
Second Judicial District of Jones County, then venue would be proper in the county where
Derrick Jones is a resident.
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pursuant to this Court’s precedents in Myers and Hedgepeth, and (4) the
accident-which certainly occurred in Rankin County-is “a substantial event
that caused the injury.”
Holmes, 21 So. 3d at 618 (emphasis added). Therefore, venue was not proper in Hinds
County, but was proper in Rankin County. Id.
¶17. “The venue statute does not allow the ‘piling’ of acts or events to establish venue. It
specifically requires a substantial alleged act, omission, or injury-causing event to have
happened in a particular jurisdiction in order for venue to be proper there.” Med. Assurance
Co. of Miss. v. Myers, 956 So. 2d 213, 219 (Miss. 2007) (emphasis added). The location
where the accident giving rise to this suit occurred is in Laurel, Mississippi, which is in the
Second Judicial District of Jones County. The Complaint specifically alleged that Bradford
and Washington were injured when the weigh pod system broke loose and fell on them at
Dunn Road Builder’s plant in Laurel, Mississippi. Therefore, under Section 11-11-3(1)(a)(i)
of the venue statute, venue is proper in the Second Judicial District of Jones County. The
First Judicial District of Jasper County is not among the permissible venues that Bradford
and Washington could select for this action under Section 11-11-3(1)(a)(i).
CONCLUSION
¶18. In this case, no Mississippi resident defendant was named, the corporate defendants
did not have principal places of business in Mississippi, and the alleged acts or omissions
related to the defective product occurred outside Mississippi. However, the accident, which
occurred in Laurel, Mississippi (in the Second Judicial District of Jones County), is “a
substantial event that caused the injury.” Therefore, the Second Judicial District of Jones
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County is the proper venue in this matter. Because a permissible venue exists under Section
11-11-3(1)(a)(i), it was not proper for Bradford and Washington to select the county of
residence of one of the beneficiary-plaintiffs pursuant to Section 11-11-3(1)(b).
Consequently, this Court reverses the trial court’s order denying the motion to transfer venue
and remands the matter to the trial court for transfer to the Second Judicial District of Jones
County.
¶19. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON, P.J., KITCHENS, COLEMAN, MAXWELL,
BEAM AND CHAMBERLIN, JJ., CONCUR. RANDOLPH, P.J., NOT
PARTICIPATING.
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