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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
MOHAMMED ABDUL RAHMAN KHAN :
:
Appellant : No. 1416 MDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order August 22, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-06-CR-0000706-2014
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E. and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED APRIL 12, 2017
Appellant Mohammed Abdul Rahman Khan appeals the order of the
Court of Common Pleas of Berks County denying his petition pursuant to the
Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 Appellant argues that his direct appeal
rights should be reinstated as he alleges that his counsel was ineffective in
failing to file a direct appeal. After careful review, we affirm.
On December 11, 2015, Appellant pled guilty to unlawful
administration/dispensing/delivery/gift/prescription of a controlled substance
by a practitioner,2 insurance fraud,3 and criminal conspiracy.4 Appellant was
____________________________________________
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
2
35 Pa.C.S. § 780-113(a)(14).
3
18 Pa.C.S. § 4117(a)(3).
4
18 Pa.C.S. § 903.
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represented by Allan Sodomsky, Esq. during the plea agreement process.
On the same day, the lower court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term
of two to four years’ incarceration to be followed by five years’ probation.
The individual sentences imposed were at or below the bottom of the
mitigated range recommended by the sentencing guidelines.
Appellant subsequently filed a pro se motion entitled “Motion for
Modification or Reconsideration of Sentence,” in which he asserted that he
received an excessive sentence. The motion was dated December 17, 2016
and docketed December 21, 2016. The record shows that Appellant’s
motion was mailed to Atty. Sodomsky on December 23, 2016. On
December 29, 2015, the lower court denied the motion as improper hybrid
representation as Appellant was still represented by counsel. The order,
which was also sent to Atty. Sodomsky, indicated that “all motions,
petitions, and requests for relief must be made by counsel of record in order
to be considered by this Court.” Order, 12/29/15, at 1. On January 8,
2016, Appellant filed a motion entitled “Acceptance of Defendant to Proceed
as Pro Se Petitioner,” asking for permission to represent himself. Atty.
Sodomsky did not respond to either of Appellant’s filings.
On January 27, 2016, Appellant submitted another pro se filing, which
the lower court treated as a PCRA petition. The PCRA court appointed
Osmer S. Deming, Esq., who assisted Appellant in filing an amended petition
alleging the ineffectiveness of plea counsel in failing to file a direct appeal
and seeking the reinstatement of Appellant’s direct appellate rights.
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On July 5, 2016, the PCRA court held an evidentiary hearing.
Appellant testified that he asked Atty. Sodomsky to file an appeal on several
occasions. First, Appellant asserts that he asked for an appeal immediately
after his sentence was imposed, but Atty. Sodomsky told Appellant that he
did not have a “reason for appeal.” Notes of Testimony (N.T.), PCRA Hr’g,
7/5/16, at 5. Second, Appellant alleged that he asked Atty. Sodomsky to
appeal during counsel’s visit to the Berks County Jail, but felt that Atty.
Sodomsky did not take him seriously; Appellant alleges that Atty. Sodomsky
told him “if you don’t appeal within 10 days’ time, that will be it.” N.T. at 6.
Appellant interpreted this comment as Atty. Sodomsky refusing to file
an appeal; thus, Appellant filed a pro se motion for reconsideration within
ten days of his sentencing. After this motion was denied and forwarded to
Atty. Sodomsky, Appellant also claimed to have sent Atty. Sodomsky a letter
asking for him to file a counseled appeal.
Atty. Sodomsky presented a different account of the events, testifying
that he knew Appellant was “unhappy with the sentence” but claimed
Appellant never asked him to file an appeal. N.T. at 22. Atty. Sodomsky
believed Appellant did not have any issues of arguable merit to appeal as
Appellant had received lenient sentences at the bottom or below the
mitigated range of the sentencing guidelines. He recalled telling Appellant
that a sentence of two to four years’ imprisonment was “a gift from the
Court” given the extensive charges Appellant faced and the fact that the
Attorney General’s office was only willing to agree to a minimum sentence of
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three to seven years’ imprisonment. N.T. at 22. On cross examination, the
prosecutor asked Atty. Sodomsky if he believed Appellant wanted to
challenge his sentence after receiving his pro se motion for reconsideration.
Atty. Sodomsky replied, “[a]fter the fact, yes, at which point he was out of
time and chose to do it without me.” N.T. at 22-23. On August 22, 2016,
the PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition. This timely appeal followed.
In reviewing the lower court’s decision to deny Appellant’s PCRA
petition, we examine whether the PCRA court's determination “is supported
by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Mitchell, --- Pa.
---, 141 A.3d 1277, 1283–84 (2016). In order to be eligible for PCRA relief,
the petitioner must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his
conviction or sentence resulted from one or more of the enumerated
circumstances found in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2), which includes the
ineffective assistance of counsel.
In Commonwealth v. Donaghy, 33 A.3d 12, 15 (Pa.Super. 2011),
this Court outlined the specific circumstances under which a defendant is
entitled to the reinstatement of his or her appellate rights due to the
ineffectiveness of counsel in failing to file a notice of appeal. First, if a
defendant clearly requests an appeal and counsel fails to file one, counsel
will be found ineffective as the defendant is presumptively prejudiced by
counsel’s inaction. Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Lantzy, 558 Pa. 214, 736
A.2d 564 (1999)).
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Second, if the defendant did not clearly articulate to counsel whether
he wished to file an appeal, the defendant asserting a claim of
ineffectiveness of counsel is entitled to the reinstatement of his appellate
rights if he can show “(1) counsel's representation fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness, and (2) counsel's deficient performance
prejudiced the defendant.” Id. (quoting Roe v. Flores–Ortega, 528 U.S.
470, 477, 120 S.Ct. 1029, 1034, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000)).
With regard to the reasonableness of counsel’s representation, the
Supreme Court of the United States has held that counsel “has a
constitutionally-imposed duty to consult with his client about an appeal when
there is reason to think either (1) that a rational defendant would want to
appeal ..., or (2) that this particular defendant reasonably demonstrated to
counsel that he was interested in appealing.” Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. at
480, 120 S.Ct. at 1036. The High Court defined the term “consult” to mean
“advising the defendant about the advantages and disadvantages of taking
an appeal, and making a reasonable effort to discover the defendant's
wishes.” Id. at 478, 120 S.Ct. 1035.
Further, the Court emphasized that even if a defendant can establish
his counsel had a constitutionally imposed duty to consult and failed to do
so, the defendant must prove he was prejudiced by counsel’s inaction by
demonstrating “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's
deficient failure to consult with him about an appeal, he would have timely
appealed.” Id. at 484, 120 S.Ct. 1038. “[T[he question whether a given
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defendant has made the requisite showing will turn on the facts of a
particular case.” Id. at 485, 120 S.Ct. 1039.
Turning to the instant case, we begin by recognizing that we must
defer to the PCRA court’s credibility determinations as the lower court had
the ability to assess the witnesses’ demeanor. Donaghy, 33 A.3d at 16. In
denying Appellant’s PCRA petition, the PCRA court provided the following:
At the hearing in this matter, we had the opportunity to
closely observe both [Appellant] and his plea counsel when
testifying about these events. Counsel emphatically testified
that [Appellant] never requested that he file such an appeal. He
also testified that he explained to [Appellant] that the sentence
imposed was much “lighter” that he had expected under the
circumstances. It must be remembered that [Appellant] in this
case was charged with defrauding both the Commonwealth and
insurance companies out of millions of dollars while at the same
time unlawfully prescribing potentially harmful controlled
substances to “patients” that he must have known were abusing
them.
We find [Appellant’s] testimony to be incredible. His
assertion that he requested counsel in writing to file an appeal of
his sentence is seriously belied by the fact that no such writing
was produced in evidence. It is inconceivable that it would not
have been introduced if it in fact existed.
PCRA Opinion, 8/22/16, at 3. As such, we defer to the PCRA court’s finding
that Appellant did not ask Atty. Sodomsky to file an appeal.
Moreover, the circumstances of this case also lead us to uphold the
PCRA court’s finding that counsel acted reasonably in refraining from filing
an appeal on Appellant’s behalf. The parties agree that Atty. Sodomsky
consulted with Appellant at a prison visit about filing an appeal and clearly
set forth the disadvantages of filing a challenge to Appellant’s sentence.
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Atty. Sodomsky had a reasonable basis to believe that no rational defendant
would want to file an appeal as the sentencing court imposed lenient terms
of imprisonment and probation that were either at the bottom of the
mitigated range of the sentencing guidelines or completely outside of the
lower end of the guideline recommendations. Atty. Sodomsky was justified
in believing that Appellant would not want to appeal his sentence which “was
a good as [Appellant] could ever expect.” N.T. at 18.
We also reject Appellant’s claim that he reasonably demonstrated to
counsel that he was interested in appealing such that counsel should be
found ineffective in failing to further investigate Appellant’s wishes. While
Appellant claims the filing of his pro se motion for reconsideration should
have alerted counsel to his desire for further review of his sentence,
Appellant ignores Atty. Sodomsky’s testimony that at the point he received
the motion, Appellant was “out of time” to file an appeal. N.T. at 22-23.
Appellant’s assertion that Atty. Sodomsky had ample time to file an
appeal upon receipt of his post-sentence motion is mere speculation. We
will not disturb the PCRA court’s credibility determination that Atty.
Sodomsky’s testimony was credible and Appellant’s testimony not credible.
There is no basis in the record to overturn the PCRA court’s finding that
counsel adequately consulted with Appellant in deciding to refrain from filing
an appeal. Accordingly, we conclude that the PCRA court properly denied
Appellant’s petition for collateral relief.
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Affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/12/2017
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