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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 16-11225
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:15-cv-00185-MW-GRJ
SCOTT MEYER,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
CITY OF GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA,
GAINESVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT,
MICHAEL PRESTON,
Officer,
JOHN DOE,
Unnamed Additional Gainesville Police Officers,
JAMES FRANKLIN,
Defendants - Appellees,
FRANKLIN G. JAMES,
Defendant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
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(April 21, 2017)
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Before HULL, WILSON, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
This is a straightforward case. The appeal requires us to decide whether an
officer had probable cause to pull over and arrest a driver with an expired vehicle
tag. Upon review, we conclude that the answer is yes.
On December 17, 2014, Officer James Franklin pulled over Scott Meyer,
who had been driving his new car with an expired dealership tag. The tag was
expired on December 7, 2014. Mr. Meyer explained to Officer Franklin that his
son had been pulled over a few days earlier and issued a citation for driving
without proof of registration. Mr. Meyer also said that he had repeatedly called the
dealership to check on the status of his new tag. After some back and forth,
however, Officer Franklin arrested Mr. Meyer for driving with an expired
registration.
Mr. Meyer then filed a pro se complaint asserting various claims, including
some under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, against the Gainesville Police Department, various
named and unnamed Gainesville police officers, and the City of Gainesville. The
district court granted the City’s motion to dismiss, and the police officers’ motion
for summary judgment. Mr. Meyer appeals those rulings.
Although Mr. Meyer raises a litany of arguments in his 80-page pro se brief,
at the end of the day, the merits of his appeal come down to a single question:
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whether Officer Franklin had probable cause to arrest him. Mr. Meyer, moreover,
is limited to asserting that lone argument on appeal because he failed to raise any
other arguments when objecting to the magistrate judge’s reports and
recommendations. See Objection to Proposed Findings and Recommendations Re
Defendant City of Gainesville’s Motion to Dismiss, D.E. 22 at 2–13; Objection to
Proposed Findings and Recommendations Re Defendants’ Franklin James and
Michael Preston’s Motion for Summary Judgment, D.E. 30 at 2–15. See also 11th
Cir. R. 3–1 (“A party failing to object to a magistrate judge’s findings or
recommendations contained in a report and recommendation in accordance with
the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) waives the right to challenge on appeal the
district court’s order based on unobjected-to factual and legal conclusions if the
party was informed of the time period for objecting and the consequences on
appeal for failing to object. In the absence of a proper objection, however, the court
may review on appeal for plain error if necessary in the interests of justice.”).
Mr. Meyer conceded in his verified complaint that his son had been pulled
over and cited for driving with an expired registration, and that when Officer
Franklin pulled Mr. Meyer over, the temporary tag was still expired. See St.
Joseph’s Hosp., Inc. v. Hosp. Corp. of America, 795 F.2d 948, 954 (11th Cir.1986)
(“[W]e are to accept the well pleaded facts as true and resolve them in the light
most favorable to the plaintiff.”). Under those circumstances, there was enough to
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establish probable cause to arrest Mr. Meyer. See Fla. Stat. § 320.131(5) (“Any
person who knowingly and willfully abuses or misuses temporary tag issuance to
avoid registering a vehicle requiring registration pursuant to this chapter or chapter
319 commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in
§ 775.082 or § 775.083.”); Wilson v. Attaway, 757 F.2d 1227, 1235 (11th Cir.
1985) (“Probable cause to arrest exists where the facts and circumstances within
the collective knowledge of the law enforcement officials, of which they had
reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to cause a person of reasonable
caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed.”) (citation and
quotation marks omitted); Craig v. Singletary, 127 F.3d 1030, 1042 (11th Cir.
1997) (“Probable cause issues are to be decided on an objective basis by courts
without regard to the subjective beliefs of law enforcement officers, whatever
those beliefs may have been.”); Jordan v. Mosley, 487 F.3d 1350, 1355 (11th Cir.
2007) (“No officer has a duty to prove every element of a crime before making an
arrest.”) (citation omitted). And without an underlying constitutional violation, the
City could not be liable under a § 1983 municipal liability theory.
As for the motion for summary judgment, Mr. Meyer’s allegations fare no
better when stacked against the evidence collected during discovery. The evidence
merely confirmed what Mr. Meyer swore to in his verified complaint, i.e., that he
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was knowingly driving a new car with an expired dealership tag. See, e.g., Scott
Meyer Deposition Tr., D.E. 20 at 5, 7.
The district court correctly granted the City’s motion to dismiss and the
officers’ motion for summary judgment.
AFFIRMED.
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