SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
493
KA 15-00029
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., CARNI, DEJOSEPH, NEMOYER, AND TROUTMAN, JJ.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,
V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
STEPHEN DAWSON, ALSO KNOWN AS “SHOOTER STEVE,”
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
ERICKSON WEBB SCOLTON & HAJDU, LAKEWOOD (LYLE T. HAJDU OF COUNSEL),
FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
JOHN J. FLYNN, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (NICHOLAS T. TEXIDO OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Erie County (Russell
P. Buscaglia, A.J.), rendered December 3, 2014. The judgment
convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of kidnapping in the first
degree and robbery in the first degree.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him
upon a jury verdict of kidnapping in the first degree (Penal Law
§ 135.25 [2] [a]) and robbery in the first degree (§ 160.15 [4]). As
we noted in the appeal by a codefendant, “[t]he charges arose from an
incident in which the victim was held captive, pistol whipped, and
then repeatedly humiliated, including being forced to lick his own
blood from a boot of one of the perpetrators. The perpetrators made a
video recording of parts of the incident and posted the recording on
social media” (People v Woods, 142 AD3d 1356, 1357).
Contrary to defendant’s contention, Supreme Court properly
refused to suppress his statements to the police. The evidence from
the suppression hearing established that police officers were
searching for the victim after viewing the video recording of him
being beaten, and his family members reported to the police that
defendant, who was riding a bicycle in a certain location, knew where
the victim was being detained. Based on that information, an officer
stopped defendant, and said that defendant needed to speak to a
detective who was on his way to that location. Defendant immediately
said that he could find the missing person on his own if the officer
would let him go. Shortly thereafter, a detective arrived and told
defendant that they were searching for the victim, and the detective
questioned defendant about the victim’s whereabouts. Defendant
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KA 15-00029
indicated that he would have to walk by the house in which the victim
was detained so he could show the officers where it was but, after
they indicated that he would not be released, he agreed to allow the
initial officer to drive him in the patrol vehicle. As they drove, he
pointed out a house and said that the victim was in it.
As the People correctly concede, defendant was in custody at the
time that he spoke to the officers (see generally People v Yukl, 25
NY2d 585, 589, cert denied 400 US 851) and, “[a]s a general rule, a
person who is in custody cannot be questioned without first receiving
Miranda warnings” (People v Doll, 21 NY3d 665, 670, rearg denied 22
NY3d 1053, cert denied ___ US ___, 134 S Ct 1552, affg 98 AD3d 356).
Nevertheless, we agree with the court that the initial statement,
i.e., the one defendant made before the detective arrived, was
spontaneous, inasmuch as it was “in no way the product of an
interrogation environment [or] the result of express questioning or
its functional equivalent” (People v Harris, 57 NY2d 335, 342, cert
denied 460 US 1047 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v
Rivers, 56 NY2d 476, 480, rearg denied 57 NY2d 775; People v Wearen,
19 AD3d 1133, 1134, lv denied 5 NY3d 834). Thus, the court properly
refused to suppress that statement.
Furthermore, the court also properly refused to suppress
defendant’s next set of statements, in which he identified the house
in which the victim was being held. At that time, the police were
aware that the victim was being held and were seeking information from
defendant regarding the victim’s location in order to rescue him.
“Given the legitimate concern of the police for the safety of the
victim, the questioning of the defendant regarding the victim’s . . .
whereabouts, without first advising him of his Miranda rights . . . ,
was lawful” (People v Boyd, 3 AD3d 535, 536, lv denied 2 NY3d 737; see
Doll, 98 AD3d at 364; People v Zalevsky, 82 AD3d 1136, 1138, lv denied
19 NY3d 978, reconsideration denied 19 NY3d 1106).
We reject defendant’s contention that the evidence is not legally
sufficient to support the conviction. Viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the People (see People v Contes, 60 NY2d 620,
621), and affording them the benefit of every favorable inference (see
People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495), we conclude that the evidence is
legally sufficient to establish the elements of the crimes of which
defendant was convicted (see id.). Furthermore, viewing the evidence
in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see
People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349), we reject defendant’s further
contention that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see
generally Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495).
Finally, the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
Entered: April 28, 2017 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court