In re E.G.

[Cite as In re E.G., 2017-Ohio-2584.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )

IN RE: E.G. C.A. No. 16CA0075-M

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
CASE No. 2015 07 NE 0032

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 1, 2017

SCHAFER, Presiding Judge.

{¶1} Appellant M.G. (“Mother”) appeals the judgment of the Medina County Court of

Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that granted legal custody of the child E.G. to the paternal

grandparents (“Grandparents”). This Court affirms.

I.

{¶2} Mother and the child’s father (“Father”) were married for a brief period of time

and had three children together. E.G. (d.o.b. 2/23/08) was their firstborn child. One of their

three children died at the age of five months from an undetermined cause. After the parents

divorced, Father received custody of E.G. and the third child. Mother moved to New York with

her son by another man. Thereafter, the parents’ third child also died from an undetermined

cause. Instead of reporting the child’s death and properly addressing the situation, Father left the

child’s body in a crib and told E.G. and Grandparents that the other child was at daycare. The

deceased child’s body was found by a utility worker who reported it to the police. Father was
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arrested, and Medina County Job and Family Services (“JFS”) took E.G. into care. The family

had a prior history with the public child welfare agencies in Cuyahoga County and New York

state, and E.G. had been removed from the family home twice before.

{¶3} JFS filed a complaint alleging that E.G. was neglected and dependent on multiple

bases. After a hearing, the agency obtained predispositional custody and placed the child with

Grandparents, with whom she had resided when she was previously removed from the home. At

the adjudicatory hearing, JFS dismissed some of the allegations. The juvenile court subsequently

adjudicated E.G. neglected as to Father and dependent as to both Father and Mother.

{¶4} After being granted leave to intervene, Grandparents filed a motion for legal

custody. At the initial dispositional hearing, the parties agreed to an award of temporary custody

to the agency, and the court held the motion for legal custody in abeyance. The juvenile court

adopted the case plan submitted by JFS.

{¶5} At the next two review hearings, the juvenile court continued E.G. in the

temporary custody of JFS, and the child remained in her placement with Grandparents. Eleven

months after filing its complaint, JFS also filed a motion for legal custody to Grandparents.

Mother filed a motion to extend temporary custody for six months, which Grandparents opposed.

The matter came before the juvenile court for final dispositional hearing, after which the court

granted legal custody to Grandparents and denied Mother’s motion for a six-month extension of

temporary custody. Mother filed a timely appeal in which she raises two assignments of error

for review.

II.

Assignment of Error I

The trial court erred in granting [legal] custody to paternal grandparents as
it was against the manifest weight of the evidence[.]
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{¶6} Mother argues that the juvenile court’s award of legal custody of E.G. to

Grandparents was against the manifest weight of the evidence. This Court disagrees.

{¶7} In considering whether the juvenile court’s judgment is against the manifest

weight of the evidence, this Court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers

the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the

[finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the

[judgment] must be reversed and a new [hearing] ordered.” (Internal quotations and citations

omitted.) Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. When weighing the

evidence, this Court “must always be mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact.”

Id. at ¶ 21.

{¶8} “Following an adjudication of neglect, dependency, or abuse, the juvenile court’s

determination of whether to place a child in the legal custody of a parent or a relative is based

solely on the best interest of the child.” In re K.H., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27952, 2016-Ohio-

1330, ¶ 12. The statutory scheme regarding an award of legal custody does not include a specific

test or set of criteria, but Ohio courts agree that the juvenile court must base its decision to award

legal custody on the best interest of the child. In re B.B., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 15CA010880,

2016-Ohio-7994, ¶ 18, citing In re N.P., 9th Dist. Summit No. 21707, 2004-Ohio-110, ¶ 23. In

that regard, the juvenile court is guided by the best interest factors enunciated in R.C.

2151.414(D) relating to permanent custody. In re B.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24187, 2008-

Ohio-5003, ¶ 9, citing In re T.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 22954, 2006-Ohio-4468, ¶ 17. Those

factors include the interaction and interrelationships of the child, the child’s wishes, the custodial

history of the child, the child’s need for permanence, and whether any of the factors in R.C.

2151.414(E)(7)-(11) are applicable. R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a)-(e); see also In re B.C., 9th Dist.
 4

Summit Nos. 26976, 26977, 2014-Ohio-2748, ¶ 16. In addition, the juvenile court may also look

to the best interest factors in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) for guidance. In re K.A., 9th Dist. Lorain Nos.

15CA010850, 15CA010860, 2017-Ohio-1, ¶ 17. While some factors overlap with those above,

others include the child’s adjustment to her environment; the mental and physical health of all

persons involved; the parents’ history of providing support and honoring companionship orders;

certain indicia of violence, abuse, or neglect in any household involved; and whether a parent

plans to or has established a residence outside of Ohio. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1).

{¶9} Mother and Father had an on again/off again relationship for ten years. E.G. was

born several years before her parents got married in 2012. In addition, Mother had a son by

another man prior to her marriage to Father. Mother has a history of drug abuse, and her son was

born with cocaine in his system. Although the record is unclear as to the exact reason, there was

evidence that both E.G. and her brother were removed from either Mother’s or both parents’ care

and placed in foster care while they were living in New York. Mother and Father subsequently

relocated to Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Mother gave birth to a daughter in October 2012. Based

on prior referrals to the agency, Cuyahoga County Children and Family Services (“CCCFS”)

worked with the family after the birth of Mother’s third child.1 That child died at the age of five

months for indeterminable reasons. Mother was subsequently hospitalized for homicidal

thoughts against Father, although she claimed that she entered the hospital for psychiatric care

simply because she “needed a break.” She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She declined to

take her prescribed medications, however, because she did not want the stigma of a mental

illness diagnosis.

1
From 2012 through 2015, CCCFS received ten or eleven referrals regarding the parents’
children.
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{¶10} In March 2014, shortly after Mother and Father had their third daughter, CCCFS

removed E.G. from the home based on referrals that there was drug abuse in the home by both

parents, and that E.G. had missed a lot of school. Grandparents were in Florida at the time and

unable to accept immediate placement. They informed the agency, however, that they were

willing to accept placement of the child in a few months at the end of the school year, because

they did not want to disrupt E.G. from yet another school. At the time of her removal, she had

already been in two schools and was attending a third while with the foster family. E.G. spent

approximately nine months in Grandparents’ home during the pendency of the CCCFS case.

{¶11} Mother and Father were divorced in early December 2014. E.G. was not a subject

of the divorce decree, because she was a subject of the pending juvenile

dependency/neglect/abuse2 case. E.G.’s sister, however, was not subject to the jurisdiction of the

juvenile court. Mother read a portion of the parties’ divorce decree into the record. The

provision indicated her agreement that, because she was not compliant with case plan objectives

in the juvenile case, she posed a potential threat to her daughter’s (E.G.’s sister) health, safety,

and welfare. And because Father was compliant, she agreed that he would receive custody of

that child. Mother admitted that she signed the agreement included in the divorce decree, but

denied having ever read it. Mother was aware, however, that Father obtained custody of that

child from the divorce. He further regained legal custody of E.G. through the CCCFS case based

on his successful completion of case plan objectives and Mother’s failure to comply with hers.

Father moved to Medina County with the girls. Mother relocated to New York with her son in

January 2015. It is unclear from the record exactly how much contact Mother had with E.G.

2
We use this phrase generically, because the record does not contain the child’s precise
adjudication.
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from January through July 2015, when JFS filed the instant complaint; but it appears to have

been quite limited.

{¶12} In July 2015, E.G. was removed from a parent’s custody for a third time by a

child welfare agency. Her removal was based on the discovery of her sister’s corpse in Father’s

apartment and the unknown whereabouts of Mother. E.G. was immediately placed with

Grandparents, where she remained during the 12-month pendency of this case.

{¶13} Grandparents facilitate and supervise telephone visitations between Mother and

the child. They were agreeable when Mother requested adding a third weekly telephone call.

Those visits generally go well, although Mother has had to be reminded several times not to

discuss certain matters beyond the boundaries established by JFS and the child’s counselor.

Those matters involved discussions regarding times Mother expected to visit the child or obtain

reunification. The child has a good relationship with both her younger brother and Mother,

whom she sees approximately once a month.

{¶14} By all accounts, E.G. has thrived in Grandparents’ care. The caseworker,

guardian ad litem, child’s prior counselor, and school teacher all testified regarding the apparent

close bond between the child and Grandparents. The child’s needs are well met; she attends

school regularly and excels academically; she is involved in age-appropriate extracurricular

activities; she has adapted socially and is well-liked by her peers; and she has developed the

skills necessary to cope with the stressors, disruptions, and chaos in her short life. Despite three

removals from her parents’ custody, multiple relocations during her life, the death of two sisters,

her mother’s relocation out of state, and her father’s incarceration, E.G. has adjusted well to her

environment in Grandparents’ care.
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{¶15} In the meantime, Mother has failed to demonstrate that she can provide the

needed stability for E.G. Although the caseworker testified that Mother has generally complied

with her case plan objectives, this Court has repeatedly recognized that, while relevant to the

juvenile court’s best interest determination, case plan compliance is not dispositive of the issue.

See In re T.W., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27477, 2016-Ohio-92, ¶ 17; see also in re K.C., 9th Dist.

Summit Nos. 26992, 26993, 2014-Ohio-372, ¶ 22, citing In re B.G., 9th Dist. Summit No.

24187, 2008-Ohio-5003, ¶ 21. In this case, Mother’s case plan objectives included (1) cooperate

and actively participate in services; follow all recommendations; execute any necessary releases

for information; update the agency regarding any changes in address, contact information,

employment, and household members; and allow monthly visits to her home; (2) complete a

parenting evaluation and follow all recommendations; (3) complete a diagnostic evaluation to

identify any undiagnosed mental health or substance abuse issues; participate in any

recommended treatment programs; and follow all recommendations; and (4) provide proof of

income and her lease agreement.

{¶16} As part of the first case plan objective, Mother submitted to the home study

requested by the agency. The JFS case worker testified that Mother’s out of state residence

necessitated a home study pursuant to the interstate compact placement of children system. The

Chautauqua County (New York) Department of Health and Human Services conducted the home

study and submitted a report.

{¶17} The New York caseworker reported that, although the physical aspects of the

home were adequate, she did not recommend placement with Mother based on multiple

concerns. The caseworker found Mother to be “overwhelmed” by the trauma in her life, and

focused primarily on the death of her daughter. She opined that “a considerable amount of
 8

therapeutic intervention” was necessary before Mother would be able to rebuild a safe and

healthy relationship with E.G. The caseworker was further particularly concerned about

Mother’s relationship with her current fiancé with whom she lived. The fiancé was not

forthcoming about his criminal history, and he became verbally aggressive with both Mother and

the caseworker regarding the home study. A partial records check indicated that the fiancé had

multiple criminal charges between 1992 and 2003. A records request from the local sheriff’s

office had not been fulfilled by the time of the hearing. In addition, the caseworker noted that

Mother had reported to her mental health treatment provider incidents of violence and arguing

with her fiancé. Based on these concerns, the New York caseworker opined that it would not be

in E.G.’s best interest to be placed in Mother’s care. As the New York agency could not approve

Mother’s home based on its home study, the JFS caseworker explained that his agency was

precluded from placing the child in Mother’s home. Moreover, the New York agency would not

conduct another home study until six months had elapsed after a prior study indicated the home

was not a viable placement. The original home study took approximately three months to

complete.

{¶18} In compliance with her second case plan objective, Mother completed a parenting

evaluation with Robin Tener, Ph.D. at Northeast Ohio Behavioral Health. Dr. Tener submitted a

report dated approximately two months before the dispositional hearing. She concurred in

Mother’s previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and opined that Mother additionally likely

suffers from histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline

personality disorder, and a mood disorder. These disorders manifest in deficient cognition,

affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. In addition, Mother exhibits self-

dramatization, grandiosity, a sense of entitlement, and instability in personal relationships.
 9

Indeed, Mother’s self-reported history seems incredible and paints a concerning picture of how

she has functioned throughout her life. Dr. Tener further recognized an historic pattern of

substance abuse by Mother, including during pregnancy. In conclusion, based on her extensive

testing and interviews with Mother, Dr. Tener suggested that the juvenile court “exercise

caution” in determining which custodial and companionship arrangements would be in the best

interest of the child.

{¶19} Pursuant to her third case plan objective, Mother was to submit to a diagnostic

evaluation to determine undiagnosed mental health or substance abuse issues. JFS accepted an

evaluation Mother had done in April 2015, prior to the agency’s involvement with E.G. It was

recommended that Mother participate in psychiatric services and individual counseling to

address bipolar disorder, cocaine abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”). That final

diagnosis was based on Mother’s reports of having been sexually abused from the ages of 11

until 17, and also having been a victim in one of the New York City towers on 9/11. Dr. Tener

did not later concur in Mother’s PTSD diagnosis, given discrepancies in the history Mother

reported to her. Mother engaged in counseling and psychiatric services, but missed several

sessions. Her counselor sent two letters to JFS, updating the agency on Mother’s progress.

Despite the recommendation that Mother address her bipolar disorder during sessions, the

counselor reported that she instead could only address the immediate crisis situations Mother

was experiencing. Accordingly, the counselor wrote that Mother has yet to begin addressing her

underlying bipolar issues.

{¶20} Mother complied with her fourth case plan objective by providing proof of her

receipt of social security disability payments for herself and her autistic son. She receives $750

per month for each of them. She had also been receiving a like amount for E.G. based on her
 10

assertions to the social security administration that return of the child to her care was imminent.

Those payments were discontinued when the child was not placed with Mother during the

pendency of the case.

{¶21} Besides Mother’s mental health and substance abuse issues, there was no

evidence that she suffered from other health concerns that would hinder her ability to care for

E.G. She has family in the area where she lives, although there was some evidence that she was

estranged from many family members, including both biological siblings and foster siblings.

The evidence established that Grandparents are in good health, and that their daughter lives

nearby and spends a lot of time with them and E.G.

{¶22} E.G. has been removed from her parents’ homes three times during her eight-year

life. She has spent approximately 22 months out of the past 26 months with Grandparents. The

caseworker, guardian ad litem, and Grandfather all testified that E.G. requires the stability in her

life that Grandparents can and are willing to provide. They all agreed that Mother is not in a

position to provide the necessary stability to the child, due in large part to concerns about her

mental health and historic drug abuse issues. Even Mother agreed that there were “serious

concerns” about her ability to provide a stable environment for E.G. The child’s counselor

declined to make any recommendation regarding custody or parenting time with Mother and

E.G., but she testified that she would hesitate to change anything that might affect the child’s

emotional state.

{¶23} Based on a review of the evidence, this is not the exceptional case where the

finder of fact clearly lost its way and created a manifest miscarriage of justice in awarding legal

custody of E.G. to Grandparents. The critical inquiry before awarding legal custody is to

consider the current parenting abilities of each potential custodian and to determine whether it is
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in the best interest of the child to be placed in the legal custody of any of them. See In re K.C.,

2014-Ohio-372, at ¶ 20. The evidence in this case established that E.G. had experienced chaos

and instability in her life due, in significant part, to Mother’s mental health and substance abuse

issues. Mother admitted that she was still experiencing problems impacting her ability to parent

effectively when Father obtained custody of E.G. and her sister. Mother left the state with her

son, and had limited contact with E.G. Grandparents, however, have been a dependable source

of stability for the child. They have twice happily accepted placement, and E.G. thrives in their

care. All of the child’s needs are being met, and Grandparents facilitate and encourage an

ongoing relationship and contact with Mother. Under the circumstances, the juvenile court’s

finding that an award of legal custody to Grandparents was in the child’s best interest was not

against the manifest weight of the evidence. Mother’s first assignment of error is overruled.

Assignment of Error II

The trial court abused its discretion in failing to grant a six-month extension
on [Mother’s] case plan.

{¶24} Mother argues that the juvenile court erred by denying her motion for a six-month

extension of temporary custody. This Court disagrees.

{¶25} The decision to grant or deny a six-month extension of temporary custody lies

within the discretion of the juvenile court and will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion.

In re S.N., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23571, 2007-Ohio-2196, ¶ 16. An abuse of discretion is more

than an error of judgment; it means that the trial court was unreasonable, arbitrary, or

unconscionable in its ruling. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). When

applying the abuse of discretion standard, this Court may not substitute its judgment for that of

the trial court. Pons v. Ohio State Med. Bd., 66 Ohio St.3d 619, 621 (1993).
 12

{¶26} In support of her argument, Mother cites In re C.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27783,

2015-Ohio-5244, ¶ 8, for the following proposition:

A trial court may grant an extension of temporary custody if it determines, by
clear and convincing evidence, that: (1) the extension is in the best interest of the
child; (2) there has been significant progress on the case plan of the child; and (3)
there is reasonable cause to believe that the child will be reunified with one of the
parents or otherwise permanently placed within the period of extension.

She then asserts that “[t]here is no reason to believe that extending the case plan six months

wasn’t in the best interest of E.G. Further, there was significant progress made on the case plan

and E.G. could have been reunified with Mother within that time period.” She presents no

factual support for her assertions other than to write that “[t]here was ample testimony that E.G.

and Mother had an extremely positive relationship.”

{¶27} Rather than supporting her argument with citations to authority and portions of

the record substantiating her claims, as required by App.R. 16(A)(7)/(D) and Loc.R. 7(F),

Mother offers mere conclusory statements parroting the legal test. Conclusions without an

evidentiary basis fail to provide this Court with a valid basis on which to disturb the judgment of

the trial court. As we have repeatedly written, it is not the duty of this Court to scour the record

for evidence and construct an argument on an appellant’s behalf. See e.g., In re D.G. 9th Dist.

Wayne No. 08-CA-0062, 2009-Ohio-2080, ¶ 34; see also, Berthelot v. Berthelot, 154 Ohio

App.3d 101, 2003-Ohio-4519, ¶ 31 (9th Dist.), citing Gest v. Gest, 9th Dist. Lorain No.

96CA006580, 1998 WL 208872, *1 (Apr. 19, 1998). Accordingly, we may disregard Mother’s

second assignment of error. In re D.G. at ¶ 34, citing Loc.R. 7(F).

{¶28} Moreover, this Court has held that “‘[w]here the trial court finds that it is in the

best interest of a child to be placed in legal custody as a permanent disposition, the trial court

must necessarily deny an extension of temporary custody.’” In re B.C., 2014-Ohio-2748, at ¶ 22,
 13

quoting In re C.M., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24380, 2009-Ohio-943, ¶ 24. Because we upheld the

juvenile court’s finding that an award of legal custody to Grandparents was in the child’s best

interest, we further conclude that the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion by denying

Mother’s motion for a six-month extension of temporary custody. Mother’s second assignment

of error is overruled.

III.

{¶29} Mother’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Medina

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

JULIE A. SCHAFER
FOR THE COURT
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TEODOSIO, J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

WILLIAM HANEK, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

STEVEN WOLKIN, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.

JENNIFER MOORE, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.

MICHAEL O’SHEA, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.

DEREK CEK, Guardian ad Litem.