In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 15-276V
Filed: April 11, 2017
* * * * * * * * * * * * * Special Master Sanders
JANE PRIVITERA, *
* Attorneys’ Fees and Costs; Reasonable
Petitioner, * Hourly Rates; Fees for Travel.
*
v. *
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH *
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Isaiah R. Kalinowski, Maglio, Christopher & Toale, PA, Washington, DC, for Petitioner.
Justine Walters, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.
DECISION AWARDING ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
On March 17, 2015, Jane Privitera (“Petitioner”) filed a petition pursuant to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2006). Petitioner alleged
that she suffered from rotator cuff tendonitis and Parsonage Turner Syndrome as a result of the
administration of a trivalent influenza (“flu”) vaccine on October 8, 2013. Petition (“Pet.”) at 1.
Special Master Hamilton-Fieldman issued a Decision on the Parties’ Stipulation on
March 21, 2016, awarding Petitioner $80,000 in damages. Decision, ECF No. 29. On August
1
This decision shall be posted on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website, in
accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal
Management and Promotion of Electronic Government Services). In accordance with Vaccine
Rule 18(b), a party has 14 days to identify and move to delete medical or other information that
satisfies the criteria in § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B). Further, consistent with the rule requirement, a
motion for redaction must include a proposed redacted decision. If, upon review, the
undersigned agrees that the identified material fits within the requirements of that provision, such
material will be deleted from public access.
2
The Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, 42
U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 et seq. (hereinafter “Vaccine Act,” “the Act,” or “the Program”). Hereafter,
individual section references will be to 42 U.S.C. § 300aa of the Act.
1
24, 2016, Petitioner submitted a Motion for Attorneys’ Fees. Pet’r’s Mot. Att’ys’ Fees (“Mot.”),
ECF No. 34. Respondent submitted a Response on September 12, 2016. Resp’t’s Resp.
(“Resp.”), ECF No. 36. Petitioner filed a Reply on September 22, 2016. Pet’r’s Reply
(“Reply”), ECF No. 37. After careful consideration, the undersigned grants Petitioner’s Motion
for Attorneys’ Fees in part.
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In her Motion for Attorneys’ Fees, Petitioner requested $20,253.10 in attorneys’ fees and
$1,584.60 in attorneys’ costs, totaling $21,837.70. Mot. 1-2. Petitioner’s counsel, Mr.
Kalinowski, requested hourly rates of $361 for work completed in 2014 and 2015. See Pet’r’s
Ex. 10 at 3-13, ECF No. 35-2. He requested a lower hourly rate of $349 for his work in 2016.
See id. at 14-17. Mr. Kalinowski also requested hourly rates of $95, $135, and $145 for the work
of his firm’s paralegals, respective to the paralegal’s experience. See generally id.
In his response, Respondent indicated that “[t]o the extent the Special Master is treating
[P]etitioner’s request for attorneys’ fees and costs as a motion that requires a response from
[R]espondent . . . Respondent is satisfied the statutory requirements for an award of attorneys’
fees and costs are met in this case.” Resp. 2. Respondent recommended that the undersigned
exercise her discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs. Id. at 4.
Respondent added, however, that “[based] on a survey of fee awards in similar cases and [his]
experience litigating Vaccine Act claims . . . a reasonable amount for fees and costs in the
present case would fall between $12,000.00 and $14,000.00.” Id. at 3. Respondent specifically
objected to Mr. Kalinowski’s hourly rate of $361 in 2014-15 and $349 in 2016. Id. at 3 n.1.
Respondent compared these requested rates to the fee structure applied in Scharfenberger v.
Secretary of Health and Human Services, No. 11-221V, 2015 WL 3526559, at *4-10 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. May 15, 2015), aff’d, 124 Fed. Cl. 225 (2015). Id. In Scharfenberger, Mr.
Kalinowski was awarded “an hourly rate of $305.00 for work performed in 2014 and . . . the
paralegal hourly rates [were limited] to $125.00 or less.” Id.
Petitioner filed a Reply arguing that Respondent’s suggested fee ranges did not consider
“petitioners as individuals with varying needs for compensation in all aspects awarded.” Reply
3. Petitioner added that “attorney’s fee awards in the NVICP should be awarded on a case-by-
case basis, as Congress did not intend awards of fees to be in a ‘one-size fits all manner.’” Id.
With regard to Respondent’s comparison to other cases within the Program, Petitioner further
argued that because cases in the NVICP are sealed, “Petitioner is unable to evaluate whether a
cited case is even comparable unless her attorney’s firm was counsel in that case.” Id. at 3-4.
Finally, Petitioner argued that Respondent’s use of Scharfenberger was misguided, as an appeal
in that case was withdrawn “in light of the decision in McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs.” Id. at 6 (citing No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015)).
The Reply was filed with an amended request for Mr. Kalinowski’s hourly rates. The amended
rates are: $333 for work performed in 2014; $341 for work performed in 2015; and stayed the
same at $349 for 2016. Pet’r’s Ex. 16, ECF No. 37-1.
II. STANDARDS FOR ADJUDICATION
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The Vaccine Act permits an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. § 15(e). The
Federal Circuit has approved the lodestar approach to determine reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1348
(Fed. Cir. 2008). This is a two-step process. Id. First, a court determines an “initial estimate . . .
by ‘multiplying the numbers of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable
hourly rate.’” Id. at 1347-48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Second, the
court may make an upward or downward departure from the initial calculation of the fee award
based on specific findings. Id. at 1348.
It is “well within the special master’s discretion” to determine the reasonableness of fees.
Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521-22 (Fed. Cir. 1993); see also
Hines v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 22 Cl Ct. 750, 753 (1991) (“[T]he reviewing court
must grant the special master wide latitude in determining the reasonableness of both attorneys’
fees and costs.”). Applications for attorneys’ fees must include contemporaneous and specific
billing records that indicate the work performed and the number of hours spent on said work.
See Savin v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (2008). Attorneys may be
awarded fees for travel if they provide adequate documentation that they performed legal work
during that travel. Gruber v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 91 Fed. Cl. 773, 791 (2010).
The decision in McCulloch provides a framework for consideration of appropriate ranges
for attorneys’ fees based upon the experience of the practicing attorney. McCulloch v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 2015 WL 5634323, at *19 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015) motion
for recons. denied, 2015 WL 6181910 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 21, 2015). For example, an
attorney that has been practicing for twenty or more years has an appropriate hourly rate between
$350 and $425. Id. An attorney with eight to ten years of experience, on the other hand, has a
reasonable hourly rate between $275 and $350. Id.
III. DISCUSSION
a. Hourly Rates
The first step of the lodestar approach involves determining an estimate by calculating
“the numbers of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.”
Avera, 515 F.3d at 1347-48 (quotation omitted). Petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Kalinowski, possesses
ample experience in the Vaccine Program. See generally Pet’r’s Ex. 13, ECF No. 35-5. He has
been a licensed attorney since 2005 and served as a law clerk in the Vaccine Program from
January 2007 to November 2010. Id. at 1-2. After his clerkship, Mr. Kalinowski joined the
Washington, D.C. office of Maglio Christopher & Toale, P.A. (“MCT”). Id. at 3. As a partner
with the law firm, he has filed over 130 cases in the Vaccine Program. Id. Mr. Kalinowski
conducts his work in the District of Columbia; therefore, forum rates apply. See McCulloch,
2015 WL 5634323, at *7 (stating that fees will be based upon the “forum rate, which in this
Program would be Washington, D.C., except where the work was substantially performed in the
firm’s home locale and the local rates are . . . significantly less than those in Washington D.C.”
(citing Avera, 515 F.3d at 1349) (emphasis in original)).
3
Respondent argues for the undersigned to apply the fee rate found in Scharfenberger in
2015 to Mr. Kalinowski. In Scharfenberger, Mr. Kalinowski was awarded rates of $300 and
$305 for work performed in 2013 and 2014, respectively. 2015 WL 3526559, at *10. However,
Mr. Kalinowski’s awarded rates have fluctuated within the Vaccine Program. In a case decided
the same year as Scharfenberger, Mr. Kalinowski was awarded an hourly rate of $325 for work
performed from 2012 to 2013. O’Neill v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015
WL 2399211 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015). In 2016, Mr. Kalinowski was awarded $349
per hour for work performed in 2016, and $325 for work performed from 2013 to 2015. Riggs v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-743, 2016 WL 6407474, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Sept. 27, 2016).
In this case, for work performed in 2014 and 2015, Mr. Kalinowski requested an hourly
rate of $333 and $341, respectively. Pet’r’s Ex. 16, at 1-14. Mr. Kalinowski had nine years of
experience as an attorney in 2014. See Pet’r’s Ex. 13 at 1, ECF No. 35-5. Under McCulloch,
Mr. Kalinowski falls within the eight to ten years range, from $275 to $350 an hour, for the years
of 2014 and 2015. 2015 WL 5634323, at *19. For 2016, Mr. Kalinowski requested an hourly
rate of $349. Pet’r’s Ex. 16, at 14-17. Mr. Kalinowski possessed eleven years of experience in
2016. See Pet’r’s Ex. 13 at 1. He would thus fall within the $300 to $375 an hour McCulloch
range for that year. 2015 WL 5634323, at *19.
Based upon his experience in the Vaccine Program, I find that reasonable hourly rates for
Mr. Kalinowski are $349 as requested for 2016, and $325 for 2014 to 2015. See, e.g., Collins v.
Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., No. 15-661V, 2017 WL 1315687, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Mar. 15, 2017). This amounts to a deduction of $664 from Mr. Kalinowski’s requested fees
total.
Additionally, Respondent objected to the rate requested for the work of paralegals.
Specifically, Respondent objected to paralegal hourly rates higher than $125, citing
Scharfenberger. Resp. at 3 n.1. However, in McCulloch, Special Master Gowen found that it
was reasonable to award $135 per hour to each paralegal who was “[a] well-qualified, carefully
chosen college graduat[e]” with “several years at the firm doing exclusively vaccine work.”
McCulloch at *21. The undersigned will award the requested rates for the paralegals’ work, as
these are reasonable under McCulloch. Furthermore, these rates are consistent with the rates
awarded to MCT paralegals in the undersigned’s recent decision in Collins. See Collins v. Sec’y
of Health and Human Servs., No. 15-661V, 2017 WL 1315687, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar.
15, 2017).
b. Hours Expended
The second step in Avera is for the Court to make an upward or downward modification
based upon specific findings. 515 F.3d at 1348. In a review of MCT’s billing records, the
undersigned found Mr. Kalinowski requested his full hourly rate for traveling. Pet’r’s Ex. 16 at
5-6. Following Gruber, the undersigned will grant a full hourly rate for travel where an attorney
provides documentation that she or he performed work while traveling. 91 Fed. Cl. at 791; see
also Amani v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-150V, 2017 WL 772536, at *6 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Jan. 31, 2017).
4
Here, Mr. Kalinowski requests $341 per hour for: 4.4 hours of travel on March 18, 2015;
2 hours of travel on March 19, 2015; and 5.2 hours of travel on March 20, 2015. Pet’r’s Ex. 16
at 5-6. On March 19, Mr. Kalinowski documents, “Drive from Manhattan to client’s home in
Freeport, on Long Island” and “Drive from client’s home in Freeport, on Long Island back to
lodging in Manhattan.” Id. at 6. Similarly for March 18 and 20, Mr. Kalinowski documents,
“Drive Alexandria, Virginia to New York City area” and “Drive back from New York City to
Alexandria, Virginia from client visit (snowy road conditions).” Id. at 5-6. The undersigned will
award Mr. Kalinowski an hourly rate of $216.67 for travel, which amounts to two-thirds of his
reasonable rate of $325. See also Collins v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., No. 15-661V,
2017 WL 1315687, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 15, 2017). This reduction reflects travel
time wherein Mr. Kalinowski was driving and therefore limited in his ability to engage in any
other work or personal activity. The total reduction for these hours is $1,442.23.
c. Costs
Like attorneys’ fees, a request for reimbursement of costs must be reasonable. Perreira
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992). Petitioner requests
$1,584.60 in attorneys’ costs. The costs are associated with legal research; travel to and from
D.C.; postage; obtaining medical records; and a filing fee. The undersigned finds them to be
reasonable and awards them in full.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on all of the above, the undersigned finds that Petitioner is entitled to the following
award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs:
Attorneys’ Fees Requested $19,453.10
(Reduction to Mr. Kalinowski’s Hourly Rate in 2014-15) -$664
(Reduction to Mr. Kalinowski’s Travel Fees) -$1,442.23
Attorneys’ Fees Awarded $17,346.87
Attorneys’ Costs Awarded $1,584.60
Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded $18,931.47
In light of the foregoing and pursuant to § 15(e)(1), I find that attorneys’ fees shall be
reduced to $17,346.87 and costs granted in full. For the reasons contained herein, a check in the
amount of $18,931.473 made payable jointly to Petitioner and Maglio Christopher & Toale,
3
This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award
encompasses all charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs,” as well as fees for
legal services rendered. Furthermore, 42 U.S.C. § 300-15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from
charging or collecting fees (including costs) that would be in addition to the amount awarded
herein. See generally Beck v. Sec’y of HHS, 924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
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PA, Washington, D.C., for Petitioner’s attorneys’ fees and costs shall be issued. In the
absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the clerk of the court shall
enter judgment in accordance herewith.4
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Herbrina D. Sanders
Herbrina D. Sanders
Special Master
4
Entry of judgment can be expedited by each party’s filing of a notice renouncing the right to
seek review. Vaccine Rule 11(a).
6