2017 IL App (1st) 161027WC
No. 1-16-1027WC
Opinion filed: April 14, 2017
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION DIVISION
______________________________________________________________________________
MILLENNIUM KNICKERBOCKER HOTEL, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of Cook County.
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
)
v. ) No. 15-L-50663
)
THE ILLINOIS WORKERS’ )
COMPENSATION COMMISSION and )
RUDY GUZMAN, JR., ) Honorable
) Kay M. Hanlon,
Defendants-Appellees. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HUDSON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Presiding Justice Holdridge and Justices Hoffman, Harris, and Moore concurred in the
judgment and opinion.
¶1 OPINION
¶2 Claimant, Rudy Guzman, Jr., sought benefits pursuant to the Workers’ Compensation Act
(Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 2006)) for an injury he allegedly sustained while working
for respondent, Millennium Knickerbocker Hotel. The parties executed a lump-sum settlement
contract, which provided, in part, that respondent had paid all of claimant’s medical bills.
Almost 2½ years after the Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission (Commission) approved
the settlement contract, claimant filed a “Motion to Enforce Contract and Penalties.” In the
2017 IL App (1st) 161027WC
motion, claimant alleged that some of his medical bills remain unpaid and respondent “has
refused to honor the [settlement] contract and pay the outstanding medical bills.” Claimant
requested that respondent be ordered to pay “any and all medical bills that are pending.”
Claimant also requested the imposition of penalties and attorney fees for respondent’s failure to
pay the outstanding charges. Following a hearing, the Commission entered an order granting
claimant’s motion and directing respondent to pay claimant $16,618.88 in medical expenses.
The Commission also awarded claimant $8,309.44 in penalties pursuant to section 19(k) of the
Act (820 ILCS 305/19(k) (West 2012)) and $3,323.78 in attorney fees pursuant to section 16 of
the Act (820 ILCS 305/16 (West 2012)). On judicial review, the circuit court of Cook County
confirmed the Commission’s order. Respondent then initiated the present appeal.
¶3 On appeal, respondent argues that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to hear claimant’s
motion. Respondent asserts that even if jurisdiction lies with the Commission, the Commission
misinterpreted the settlement contract in finding that respondent was obligated to pay claimant’s
outstanding medical bills. Respondent also argues that the Commission erred in assessing
penalties and attorney fees against it. Alternatively, respondent asserts that claimant’s motion
was barred by equitable estoppel and laches. For the reasons set forth below, we find that the
Commission lacks jurisdiction to enforce a final award and that the proper venue for a claimant
to seek enforcement of a final award of the Commission is in the circuit court pursuant to section
19(g) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(g) (West 2012)). Moreover, although the Commission is
authorized to assess penalties and attorney fees under the Act against a party who fails to comply
with the terms of a final settlement contract approved by the Commission, we conclude that
claimant abandoned his request for the imposition of penalties and attorney fees in this case.
Accordingly, we vacate both the judgment of the circuit court confirming the order of the
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Commission and the Commission’s order awarding medical expenses, penalties, and attorney
fees.
¶4 I. BACKGROUND
¶5 On December 19, 2006, claimant filed an application for adjustment of claim alleging
that on October 7, 2006, he sustained an injury to the “rear of head” while in the employ of
respondent. Claimant initially treated at Northwestern Memorial Physicians Group, where he
was diagnosed as having a contusion to the neck with cervico-thoracic pain. At that time,
claimant was authorized to return to work with restrictions until his next appointment. Claimant
returned to respondent’s employ, but ceased working after one day due to pain.
¶6 On October 26, 2006, claimant began chiropractic treatment with Melvin D’Souza of St.
Anthony’s Spine and Joint Institute (St. Anthony’s). D’Souza’s notes contain the following
history of injury:
“The patient stated that on 10/07/2006, he was working, moveing [sic] a box
weighing about 50 pounds. While he was placing the box on the floor, a ple [sic] of
boxes [was] about [to] fall on him. However he was able to manage the pile of boxes to
stabilize [sic] with his right arm. But, one of the boxes from the pile, weighting [sic] 20
pounds, fell on his back.
Upon impact, he felt *** pain in [the] neck and also he felt a popping sound in his
lower back. From this incident he developed pain in his neck, upper back and lower
back. He has also been experiencing headaches in the back of his head and sometimes on
the top.”
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D’Souza diagnosed claimant with a cervical sprain/strain, a lumbar sprain/strain, a thoracic
sprain/strain, and myospasm. Claimant treated with D’Souza until August 2007. At that time,
claimant’s account balance was $16,618.88.
¶7 Meanwhile, on February 6, 2007, claimant underwent an independent medical
examination (see 820 ILCS 305/12 (West 2006)) by Dr. Martin Lanoff. As part of this
assessment, Dr. Lanoff reviewed claimant’s medical records, including those from D’Souza, and
conducted a physical examination. In the report of his findings, Dr. Lanoff concluded that
claimant did not sustain any lumbar abnormality as a result of the alleged work accident. Rather,
Dr. Lanoff opined that, at most, claimant sustained a mild cervico-thoracic strain that should
have improved within six to eight weeks after the alleged accident. Dr. Lanoff added that
claimant’s condition did not warrant any further chiropractic treatment, claimant had reached
maximum medical improvement, and claimant could return to full, unrestricted duty.
¶8 At some point, the parties began settlement negotiations. To this end, respondent
prepared a form agreement entitled “Settlement Contract Lump Sum Petition and Order”
(settlement contract). The first page of the settlement contract provided in part that claimant’s
accident occurred when a “[b]ox fell on [his] neck.” The settlement contract listed the body part
affected as the “[n]eck” and the nature of the injury as a “[b]ulging disc without nerve
involvement.” The first page of the settlement contract also contained sections referencing
“Temporary Total Disability Benefits” and “Medical Expenses.” The section labeled
“Temporary Total Disability Benefits” provided that claimant was temporarily totally disabled
from October 8, 2006, through January 31, 2007, a period of 16 weeks, during which he received
temporary total disability (TTD) benefits at a rate of $346.66 per week. The section labeled
“Medical Expenses” had a line to indicate whether the employer had or had not paid all of the
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employee’s medical bills. Respondent checked that it had paid all of claimant’s medical bills.
The “Medical Expenses” section also instructed the preparer to “[l]ist unpaid bills in the space
below.” Respondent left that space blank. On the second page of the settlement contract, a
paragraph entitled “Terms of Settlement” provided in relevant part as follows:
“Respondent denies that the [claimant] sustained accidental injuries as alleged and further
denies any causal connection between the alleged condition of ill-being and the alleged
accidental injuries, but to avoid further litigation the Respondent offers and [claimant]
accepts a lump sum of $7,800.00 per petition below in full, final, and complete settlement
of this claim. Respondent is hereby released, acquitted, and discharged from any and all
liability under the *** Act *** in any way arising out of the accidental occurrence herein
referred to including the known, unknown, fatal or non-fatal, past, present, or future
effects, developments, or sequelae including medical and hospital expenses incurred or to
be incurred, known or unknown. Review of this agreement under §8(a) and §19(h) are
expressly waived. The lump sum represents 5% loss of use of the man as a whole and
hereby settles all disputed issues. Respondent shall retain all rights under Section 5(b) of
the *** Act and any other rights and recovery it may have relative to this claim.”
Respondent signed the proposed settlement contract on July 31, 2007, and submitted it to
claimant. For reasons not entirely clear from the record, neither claimant nor his attorney signed
the settlement contract until October 11, 2011, more than four years after respondent. On
October 27, 2011, the Commission approved the settlement contract. The settlement amount,
less certain fees, was subsequently tendered to and accepted by claimant.
¶9 No further proceedings were had in the matter until April 2, 2014, when claimant filed a
“Motion to Enforce Contract and Penalties.” In the one-page motion, claimant noted that
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although the settlement contract specifically stated that respondent had paid “all medical bills,”
claimant has received medical bills that are still unpaid and respondent “has refused to honor the
[settlement] contract and pay the outstanding medical bills.” Claimant requested that respondent
be ordered to pay “any and all medical bills that are pending.” In addition, claimant requested
penalties pursuant to sections 19(k) and 19(l) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(k), 19(l) (West 2012))
and attorney fees pursuant to section 16 of the Act (820 ILCS 305/16 (West 2012)).
¶ 10 In its response to claimant’s motion, respondent argued that it did not owe payment for
the medical bills in question, which were from D’Souza at St. Anthony’s, because it denied
payment for these bills before the settlement contract was approved and the settlement contract
“contains no language declaring [that] the Respondent assumes any obligation to pay for any
past, present, or future medical bills subsequently incurred, or previously denied by the
Respondent at any time.” Respondent also challenged its liability for the medical bills on the
grounds that they are for: (1) treatment administered after respondent signed the settlement
contract; (2) treatment administered to parts of claimant’s body not injured in the alleged work
accident; and (3) treatment that is not reasonable or medically necessary to care for claimant’s
alleged injury. Finally, respondent argued that claimant was barred from seeking payment for
the medical bills based on the doctrines of equitable estoppel and estoppel by laches.
¶ 11 The matter proceeded to hearing before Commissioner Kevin Lamborn on May 15, 2014,
and June 19, 2014. At the beginning of the hearing, the following exchange occurred between
Commissioner Lamborn and claimant’s attorney:
“THE COMMISSIONER: This is Guzman versus Millennium Knickerbocker, 06
WC 54368. This is a Motion to Enforce Contract.
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It is also a motion for payment of—well, a Motion for Enforcement of Contract
and Medical Bills. It says penalties on here but I don’t see a specific petition.
MR. MACIARIELLO [claimant’s attorney]: I don’t think penalties is [sic] in
issue. There are no penalties asked for.
THE COMMISSIONER: I don’t see that, so a Motion to Enforce Contract and
specifically for Payment of Medical Bill and/or Bills.
MR. MACIARIELLO: One bill.”
Thereafter, the parties argued their respective positions.
¶ 12 On August 12, 2015, the Commission entered an order granting respondent’s motion. 1
The Commission concluded that pursuant to the plain language of the settlement contract,
respondent remained liable for payment of the outstanding medical charges. The Commission
explained:
“Though Respondent argued that the Settlement Contract did not obligate it to pay
the medical charges of St. Anthony [sic], its argument is misplaced. The face of the
contract indicated that ‘ALL’ medical bills were ‘paid.’ This language is not ambiguous.
1
In its decision, the Commission refers to two motions filed by claimant, a “Motion to
Enforce Payment of Medical Bills” and a “Motion for Penalties.” According to the Commission,
the former motion set forth the reasons why respondent remained responsible for the medical
bills, while the latter motion “premised a plea for penalties upon the first [motion].” As noted
above, however, Commissioner Lamborn only referenced one motion. Moreover, our review of
the record reveals only a single, one-page motion filed on April 2, 2014.
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The remaining language in the contract stated that the Respondent was not liable
for [claimant’s] medical bills ‘incurred or to be incurred, known or unknown.’ This does
not equate to a denial of liability for known medical charges.”
As a result, the Commission directed respondent to pay claimant $16,618.88 for medical
expenses under section 8(a) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/8(a) (West 2012)).
¶ 13 In addition, the Commission found respondent’s refusal to pay the medical charges both
unreasonable and vexatious. The Commission based this finding on “the plain language of the
contract, and the fact that it was Respondent that drafted and submitted the contract document to
the [claimant].” The Commission remarked that if respondent “had not intended to pay the
charges of St. Anthony’s *** in the amount of $16,188.88 [sic], it should have drafted a
settlement document that stated that all medical bills were not paid.” The Commission denied
claimant’s request for penalties under section 19(l) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(l) (West 2012)),
but awarded claimant $8,309.44 in penalties under section 19(k) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(k)
(West 2012)) and $3,323.78 in attorney fees under section 16 of the Act (820 ILCS 305/16 (West
2012)).
¶ 14 Thereafter, respondent sought judicial review of the Commission’s order in the circuit
court of Cook County. On March 10, 2016, following a hearing, the circuit court confirmed the
order of the Commission in its entirety. Following the denial of its motion to reconsider,
respondent initiated this appeal.
¶ 15 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 16 On appeal, respondent challenges the Commission’s decision on various grounds.
Initially, respondent contends that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to consider claimant’s
motion. Respondent asserts that even if jurisdiction lies with the Commission, the Commission
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misinterpreted the settlement contract, erred in ordering it to pay claimant’s outstanding medical
bills, and improperly awarded claimant penalties and attorney fees. Alternatively, respondent
argues that claimant was barred from seeking payment for the medical bills based on the
doctrines of equitable estoppel and laches. We begin our analysis with respondent’s
jurisdictional argument.
¶ 17 According to respondent, pursuant to section 19(g) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(g) (West
2012)), the circuit court, not the Commission, was the proper venue to consider claimant’s
“Motion to Enforce Contract and Penalties” because the motion seeks payment of compensation
pursuant to a final award of the Commission. Respondent adds that the Commission, in
assuming that it had jurisdiction to address claimant’s motion, “rendered §19(g) void and moved
against statutory construction.” In response, claimant cites to Flynn v. Industrial Comm’n, 94 Ill.
App. 3d 844, 849-50 (1981), for the proposition that the Commission properly exercised
jurisdiction over his motion.
¶ 18 At the outset, we note that although respondent raises the jurisdictional issue for the first
time before this court, we may address the matter, for the lack of subject matter jurisdiction may
be raised at any time. Jones v. Industrial Comm’n, 335 Ill. App. 3d 340, 343 (2002); Campbell
v. White, 187 Ill. App. 3d 492, 504 (1989).
¶ 19 “The Commission is an administrative body created by legislative enactment for the
purpose of administering the [Act].” Trigg v. Industrial Comm’n, 364 Ill. 581, 587 (1936); see
also Alvarado v. Industrial Comm’n, 216 Ill. 2d 547, 553 (2005); Michelson v. Industrial
Comm’n, 375 Ill. 462, 466 (1941). As such, the Commission lacks the inherent powers of a court
and can only make such orders as are within the powers granted to it by the legislature. Ferris,
Thompson & Zweig, Ltd. v. Esposito, 2015 IL 117443, ¶ 16; Michelson, 375 Ill. at 466-67.
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Consequently, when the Commission acts outside of its specific statutory authority, it acts
without jurisdiction. Alvarado, 216 Ill. 2d at 553-54. 2
¶ 20 Section 19(f) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(f) (West 2012)) provides that “[t]he decision
of the Commission acting within its powers *** shall, in the absence of fraud, be conclusive
unless reviewed as in this paragraph hereinafter provided.” The Act further provides that review
of a decision of the Commission shall be had in the circuit court and shall be commenced “within
20 days of the receipt of the decision of the Commission.” 820 ILCS 305/19(f)(1) (West 2012).
As our supreme court has recognized, a settlement contract approved by the Commission has the
same legal effect as an award entered by the Commission. Alvarado, 216 Ill. 2d at 555; Ahlers v.
Sears, Roebuck Co., 73 Ill. 2d 259, 264-65 (1978). Thus, a settlement contract approved by the
Commission becomes a final award after 20 days if no petition for review is filed in the circuit
court. Alvarado, 216 Ill. 2d at 558; Burzic v. Industrial Comm’n, 391 Ill. App. 3d 202, 208
(2009). In the present case, the Commission approved the settlement contract on October 27,
2011, and neither party sought judicial review thereof. Thus, the settlement contract at issue
constitutes a final award under the Act.
¶ 21 Respondent asserts that because the settlement contract constitutes a final award,
claimant did not seek review of the settlement contract within 20 days after its approval, and
claimant’s motion seeks enforcement of the settlement contract, the Commission lost jurisdiction
2
In Alvarado, the supreme court noted that although the term “jurisdiction” is not strictly
applicable to an administrative body, the term may be used to designate the authority of an
administrative body to act. Alvarado, 216 Ill. 2d at 553-54 (citing Business & Professional
People for the Public Interest v. Illinois Commerce Comm’n, 136 Ill. 2d 192, 243 (1989)).
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over the matter and claimant should have filed his motion in the circuit court pursuant to section
19(g) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(g) (West 2012)). We agree with respondent, in part.
¶ 22 Under the Act, the Commission has no power to enforce payment of its own award.
Smith v. Gen Co. Corp., 11 Ill. App. 3d 106, 110 (1973). Rather, the only method to enforce a
final award of the Commission is in the circuit court pursuant to section 19(g) of the Act (820
ILCS 305/19(g) (West 2012)). Aper v. National Union Electric Corp., 165 Ill. App. 3d 482, 483
(1988) (noting that section 19(g) serves to “provide a recipient of compensation a method of
enforcing its award, because the *** Commission *** has no power to do so”); see also Smith,
11 Ill. App. 3d at 110. Section 19(g) states in relevant part as follows:
“Except in the case of a claim against the State of Illinois, either party may
present a certified copy of the award of the Arbitrator, or a certified copy of the decision
of the Commission when the same has become final, when no proceedings for review are
pending, providing for the payment of compensation according to this Act, to the Circuit
Court of the county in which such accident occurred or either of the parties are residents,
whereupon the court shall enter a judgment in accordance therewith. In a case where the
employer refuses to pay compensation according to such final award or such final
decision upon which such judgment is entered the court shall in entering judgment
thereon, tax as costs against him the reasonable costs and attorney fees in the arbitration
proceedings and in the court entering the judgment for the person in whose favor the
judgment is entered, which judgment and costs taxed as therein provided shall, until and
unless set aside, have the same effect as though duly entered in an action duly tried and
determined by the court, and shall with like effect, be entered and docketed.” 820 ILCS
305/19(g) (West 2012).
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The purposes of section 19(g) are twofold. First, it permits the speedy entry of judgment in cases
in which there has been a refusal to pay the award. Ahlers, 73 Ill. 2d at 268; Konczak v. Johnson
Outboards, 108 Ill. App. 3d 513, 516 (1982). Second, it serves to compensate a claimant who is
compelled to incur additional expense by reason of the refusal to pay an award by allowing him
court costs and attorney fees. Franklin v. Wellco Co., 5 Ill. App. 3d 731, 734 (1972). We note,
of course, that a circuit court’s inquiry under section 19(g) is limited to determining whether the
requirements of the section have been met. Ahlers, 73 Ill. 2d at 268; Konczak, 108 Ill. App. 3d at
516. As such, the court may not question the jurisdiction of the Commission or the legality of its
actions, and it may not review the Commission’s decision or otherwise construe the Act. Ahlers,
73 Ill. 2d at 268; Konczak, 108 Ill. App. 3d at 516-17.
¶ 23 The only defense to a section 19(g) application is full payment of the final award. Dallas
v. Ameren CIPS, 402 Ill. App. 3d 307, 312 (2010); Aurora East School District v. Dover, 363 Ill.
App. 3d 1048, 1055 (2006). Whether an employer has refused to pay an arbitration award is a
question of fact. Paluch v. United Parcel Service, Inc., 2014 IL App (1st) 130621, ¶ 12. In
assessing whether there has been a refusal to pay, the circuit court may consider a variety of
factors, including, but not limited to: (1) whether a demand was made for payment; (2) the length
of time that transpired between the date the Commission’s award became final and the filing of
the section 19(g) application; (3) the negotiations and communications between the parties that
took place during this period; (4) whether the Commission’s award leaves room for a good-faith
disagreement as to the amount of the payments; and (5) whether and when a good-faith offer of
settlement was presented. Paluch, 2014 IL App (1st) 130621, ¶ 12. The Paluch court noted that
determining whether the Commission’s decision leaves room for disagreement over the amount
owed and whether the amount has been paid by the employer requires an examination of the
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settlement itself. Paluch, 2014 IL App (1st) 130621, ¶ 12. Moreover, where the settlement
contract is found to be ambiguous, the circuit court may hold an evidentiary hearing to address
the matter. Paluch, 2014 IL App (1st) 130621, ¶ 22.
¶ 24 In light of the foregoing, we conclude that a section 19(g) proceeding in the circuit court
is the proper venue for claimant to seek enforcement of the settlement contract, which constitutes
a final award of the Commission. As noted earlier, in his April 2, 2014, “Motion to Enforce
Contract and Penalties,” claimant asserted that although the settlement contract specifically
stated that respondent had paid “all medical bills,” there remained outstanding unpaid bills and
respondent had “refused to honor the [settlement] contract and pay his outstanding medical
bills.” Respondent disputed claimant’s interpretation of the settlement contract and argued that it
did not owe payment for the medical bills in question. In other words, the parties’ dispute does
not involve review as to whether claimant was entitled to an award under the Act or an
interpretation of the Act itself. Rather, it centers on whether the award set forth in the settlement
contract had been paid in full. Only the circuit court, pursuant to section 19(g) of the Act, has
jurisdiction to make that determination. Moreover, if necessary, the court may hold an
evidentiary hearing to resolve the parties’ dispute. Paluch, 2014 IL App (1st) 130621, ¶ 22.
Additionally, the circuit court may tax costs and attorney fees as set forth in section 19(g) if, in
ruling on a section 19(g) application, it determines that there was a refusal to pay the
compensation due according to the Commission’s final award. 820 ILCS 305/19(g) (West
2012).
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¶ 25 Claimant does not direct us to any relevant statutory provision that would allow the
Commission to enforce a final award. 3 Instead, he simply directs us to Flynn, 94 Ill. App. 3d
844, in support of his claim that the Commission had jurisdiction to hear his motion. However,
we find claimant’s reliance on Flynn misplaced. In Flynn, the claimant sought benefits under the
Act for multiple injuries sustained while working for the respondent. The parties settled the
claims by lump-sum settlement contracts. The Commission subsequently approved the
agreements. After the respondent failed to tender payment under the contracts, the claimant filed
with the Commission a petition pursuant to section 19(k) of the Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 48,
par. 138.19(k)). That provision permits the Commission to award penalties “[i]n case [sic]
where there has been any unreasonable or vexatious delay of payment or intentional
underpayment of compensation.” The Commission, finding that the respondent refused to make
payment, awarded penalties to the claimant. Despite the Commission’s ruling, the respondent
persisted in its refusal to make payment. As a result, the claimant instituted actions in the circuit
court pursuant to section 19(g) of the Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 48, par. 138.19(g)). The
respondent moved to dismiss the actions, claiming that neither the Commission nor the circuit
3
In addressing the jurisdictional issue, the only statutory provision claimant cites is
section 4(c) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/4(c) (West 2012)). According to claimant, that section
provides that “the Commission may order and direct that an insurer practicing ‘a policy of delay
or unfairness toward employees in the adjustment, settlement, or payment of benefits due such
employees’ discontinue the writing of workers’ compensation insurance in Illinois.” Claimant
does not explain the relevance of this provision to the jurisdictional issue and it is not readily
apparent to us.
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court had jurisdiction to award or enforce the penalty provisions of the Act following the
Commission’s approval of the lump-sum settlement contracts. The circuit court agreed, and the
claimant’s cases were dismissed.
¶ 26 On appeal, the Flynn court reversed. Flynn, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 849-50. The court
determined that the Commission is authorized to assess penalties pursuant to section 19(k) of the
Act following approval of a settlement contract. Flynn, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 849-50. The court
reasoned that a contrary holding would allow a party “to enter into settlement contracts which
they could vexatiously refuse to pay without fear of penalties.” Flynn, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 849-50.
In support of its finding, the Flynn court relied on Board of Education of City of Chicago v.
Industrial Comm’n, 351 Ill. 128, 130-31 (1932), in which the supreme court rejected the
argument that the Commission lacks jurisdiction to impose penalties pursuant to section 19(k) of
the Act after an award becomes final.
¶ 27 Flynn is procedurally distinct from the present case. In Flynn, the claimant prosecuted an
action with the Commission under section 19(k) of the Act. Only after prevailing on his petition
for penalties did he seek to enforce the award in the circuit court pursuant to section 19(g) of the
Act. Here, in contrast, claimant sought to enforce a final award of the Commission before the
Commission itself. Claimant, however, cites no statutory authority or case law that would permit
him to proceed in such a manner.
¶ 28 Although not cited by claimant, we note that we recently addressed an issue similar to the
one presented here in Loyola University of Chicago v. Illinois Workers’ Compensation Comm’n,
2015 IL App (1st) 130984WC. In that case, the parties executed a lump-sum settlement contract,
which the Commission later approved. After the Commission’s award became final, the
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claimant filed with the Commission a petition for penalties and attorney fees pursuant to sections
16, 19(k) and 19(l) of the Act, alleging that the respondent failed to comply with a provision in
the settlement contract related to the reimbursement of the overpayment of long-term disability
benefits. The claimant asked the Commission to order the respondent to tender the
reimbursement amount to the claimant’s insurer in addition to assessing penalties and fees
against the respondent. The respondent argued that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to
consider the claimant’s petition and that the circuit court, pursuant to section 19(g) of the Act,
was the proper venue to address the claimant’s allegations. Relying on Flynn, the Commission
concluded, inter alia, that it had jurisdiction to decide the claimant’s petition. It then examined
the language of the settlement contract and held that the respondent was liable for the
reimbursement amount. On judicial review, the circuit court set aside the Commission’s
decision, finding that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to construe the settlement contract.
¶ 29 On appeal, we reversed the circuit court. We concluded that pursuant to Flynn, the
Commission is authorized to assess penalties and attorney fees under the Act against a party who
fails to comply with the terms of a final settlement contract approved by the Commission.
Loyola University of Chicago, 2015 IL App (1st) 130894WC, ¶ 18. We further noted that the
Commission could not decide if the assessment of penalties and attorney fees was proper without
first interpreting the terms of the settlement contract to determine if the respondent was liable for
the reimbursement amount. Loyola University of Chicago, 2015 IL App (1st) 130894WC, ¶ 19.
Although the claimant in Loyola University of Chicago appears to have filed a combined motion
seeking penalties and the enforcement of the underlying award, we did not directly address in
that case whether the Commission had jurisdiction to enforce an award. Had we addressed that
matter, we would have concluded that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to do so. Thus, to the
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extent that Loyola University of Chicago may be interpreted as implicitly endorsing a procedure
whereby a party may seek before the Commission the enforcement of a final award in
conjunction with a petition for attorney fees and penalties pursuant to sections 16, 19(k), and
19(l) of the Act, we decline to follow it.
¶ 30 Turning again to the facts of the present case, we note that claimant’s motion is captioned
“Motion to Enforce Contract and Penalties.” In the motion, claimant sought an order requiring
respondent to pay “any and all medical bills that are pending.” Claimant also requested the
imposition of penalties pursuant to sections 19(k) and 19(l) of the Act (820 ILCS 305/19(k),
19(l) (West 2012)) and attorney fees pursuant to section 16 of the Act (820 ILCS 205/16 (West
2012)). Thus, claimant’s motion is a combined motion seeking two distinct types of relief.
Pursuant to our holding today, the Commission clearly lacked the authority to enforce its final
award. Thus, we are compelled to vacate the portion of the Commission’s order requiring
respondent to pay claimant’s pending medical expenses.
¶ 31 Moreover, although the Commission had jurisdiction to address the portion of the
combined motion requesting penalties and attorney fees (see Loyola University of Chicago, 2015
IL App (1st) 130894WC, ¶ 18; Flynn, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 848-50), we find that the Commission
erred in entering an award of penalties and attorney fees because claimant abandoned his request
for such relief at the hearing before Commissioner Lamborn. In this regard, the record
establishes that when Commissioner Lamborn inquired about the issue of penalties, claimant’s
attorney responded, “[t]here are no penalties asked for.” Furthermore, claimant’s attorney did
not argue the issue of penalties or attorney fees at the hearing that followed. Under these
circumstances, we find that claimant abandoned the issue of penalties and attorney fees.
Therefore, we are also compelled to vacate that portion of the Commission’s order awarding
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penalties and attorney fees. In light of our holding, we do not address the remaining issues
raised by respondent.
¶ 32 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 33 In short, for the reasons set forth above, we find that the the circuit court, pursuant to
section 19(g) of the Act, is the proper venue to seek enforcement of a Commission’s final award.
Moreover, although the Commission is authorized to assess penalties and attorney fees under the
Act against a party who fails to comply with the terms of a final settlement contract, the
imposition of penalties and attorney fees in this case was improper because claimant abandoned
his request for such relief. Accordingly, we vacate both the judgment of the circuit court of
Cook County and the order of the Commission. In doing so, we express no opinion regarding
the interpretation of the settlement contract provisions at issue or whether an award of penalties,
costs, or attorney fees under any provision of the Act is appropriate.
¶ 34 Circuit court judgment vacated; Commission decision vacated.
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