IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FIFTH DISTRICT
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
JASON TUREM,
Appellant,
v. Case No. 5D17-552
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee.
________________________________/
Opinion filed May 19, 2017
3.850 Appeal from the Circuit Court
for Citrus County,
Richard A. Howard, Judge.
Jason Turem, Live Oak, pro se.
No Appearance for Appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Jason Turem appeals the summary denial of his Florida Rule of Criminal
Procedure 3.850 motion for postconviction relief. Turem raised nine grounds for relief in
his motion, although several of these grounds are repetitive. We affirm the postconviction
court’s summary denial of ground four and the “second” ground six1 without further
1 Turem listed eight numbered grounds for relief in his motion but inadvertently
asserted ground six twice, with the “second” ground six being an allegation that his
counsel was ineffective for failing to seek a hearing pursuant to Nelson v. State, 274 So.
2d 256 (Fla. 4th DCA 1973).
discussion. As to grounds one, two, three, five, and seven, for the reasons explained
below, we treat these separate grounds as one single claim and reverse for the lower
court to either hold an evidentiary hearing or attach additional court records to its order to
conclusively refute this claim. We reverse the denial of Turem’s “first” numbered ground
six where Turem alleged that his counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate and raise
an insanity defense for being facially insufficient, and we remand to allow Turem an
opportunity to amend this claim. Finally, because we are reversing the summary denial
of more than one individual claim, we also reverse the denial of ground eight, which is a
cumulative error claim.
In 2014, Turem entered a nolo contendere plea to one count of aggravated
stalking. The trial court accepted his plea and sentenced Turem to serve ten years in
prison, with the sentence being suspended upon Turem’s successful completion of five
years of drug offender probation. Turem was subsequently arrested and charged with
criminal mischief in two separate cases, which also resulted in a violation of his
aforementioned probation. In January 2015, Turem appeared before the trial court, with
counsel, and tendered a nolo contendere plea to the criminal mischief charges. Turem
also admitted to violating his probation. The court accepted Turem’s pleas and sentenced
him to serve ten years in prison for the aggravated stalking conviction and to concurrent
five-year prison sentences for the criminal mischief convictions.
In grounds one, two, three, five, and seven of his postconviction motion, Turem
essentially asserted, under various theories, that his trial counsel was ineffective because
Turem was mentally incompetent at the time of his plea, counsel allowed him to enter his
plea while incompetent, and despite Turem informing counsel of his condition and despite
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making repeated requests, counsel failed to have Turem evaluated for his competency.
Turem alleged that he suffered from long-standing mental illnesses, including bipolar
disorder, “multiple personality,” and schizoaffective personality and that he also attempted
suicide while being held in the county jail on these charges. Turem also alleged and listed
multiple psychotropic medications that he takes, which he claimed caused him to be
“heavily medicated” at the time of his plea. Turem further alleged that he was “hearing
voices, seeing hallucinations,” was “in and out of reality,” “disoriented,” “did not know
where [he] was or what he was doing,” was suffering from “amnesia,” and that he did not
understand the nature of his charges and the consequences of his plea. Turem pointed
out that in the sentencing memorandum filed with the trial court, his counsel
acknowledged that Turem has received treatment for a number of mental illnesses for
most of his adult life and that, in arguing for mitigation, counsel wrote that Turem’s
capacity to appreciate the criminal nature of his conduct or to conform that conduct to the
requirements of the law was substantially impaired.
“[A] postconviction court is required to conduct an evidentiary hearing [on a rule
3.850 motion for postconviction relief] unless the motion and record conclusively
demonstrate that the movant is not entitled to the requested relief, or the motion is legally
insufficient.” Nelson v. State, 73 So. 3d 77, 84 (Fla. 2011) (citing Jacobs v. State, 880
So. 2d 548, 553 (Fla. 2004); Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850(d)). Additionally, where no evidentiary
hearing is held, the defendant’s factual allegations in the motion must be accepted as true
to the extent that they are not refuted by the record. Peede v. State, 748 So. 2d 253, 257
(Fla. 1999) (citing Lightbourne v. Dugger, 549 So. 2d 1364, 1365 (Fla. 1989)).
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A claim that counsel failed to investigate a defendant’s mental health and failed to
seek a competency determination is cognizable in a rule 3.850 motion. Watts v. State,
82 So. 3d 1215, 1216 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) (citing Demarco v. State, 31 So. 3d 975, 976
(Fla. 2d DCA 2010)). Here, although Turem’s allegations and theories of ineffective
assistance of counsel on this claim encompassed several grounds, we conclude that
Turem set forth one facially sufficient claim. See Hird v. State, 204 So. 3d 483, 485 (Fla.
5th DCA 2016) (citing Jackson v. State, 29 So. 3d 1161, 1162 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010)
(concluding that a defendant’s claim was facially sufficient where the defendant “allege[d]
that he was incompetent and did not understand the consequences of his plea, that he
had a history of mental illness, had not taken his schizophrenia medication, was suffering
from delusions and hearing voices at the time of his plea and that he informed counsel of
his condition”)).
In summarily denying these aggregate claims, the postconviction court attached to
its order a copy of the twelve-page transcript of the change of plea hearing. At this
hearing, counsel stated to the court that Turem had a well-documented history of mental
illness, but that he had been more cooperative since being administered his medications
at the jail. The extent of the inquiry into Turem’s competency at the plea hearing was the
court asking counsel if Turem was competent and counsel’s response, “I believe so.” No
inquiry was made directly of Turem as to his mental condition at the time of the plea,
whether he was regularly taking his psychotropic medications and, if so, whether those
medications interfered or assisted with his ability to knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily
enter his plea.
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Turem, as the movant, has the burden to establish that he was mentally
incompetent at the time of his plea. Thompson v. State, 88 So. 3d 312, 320 (Fla. 4th DCA
2012). Moreover, “[n]ot every manifestation of mental illness demonstrates incompetence
to stand trial; rather, the evidence must indicate a present inability to assist counsel or
understand the charges.” Id. at 319 (quoting Card v. Singletary, 981 F.2d 481, 487–88
(11th Cir. 1992)). “Further, a suicide attempt is not alone sufficient to raise a question
about competency to stand trial.” Id. at 321 (citing Nelson v. State, 43 So. 3d 20, 29 (Fla.
2010)). However, in this case, due to Turem’s lengthy and documented history of mental
illness, known by both his counsel and the court, we find that the colloquy and the
abbreviated discussion on the record does not conclusively refute the factual allegations
of Turem’s claim.
In the “first” ground six of his motion, Turem alleged that his counsel was ineffective
for failing to adequately investigate an insanity defense. However, because Turem did
not allege in his motion that he was insane at the time he committed his criminal offenses,
resulting in the violation of his probation, this claim is facially insufficient. See Luckey v.
State, 979 So. 2d 353, 354 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008) (holding that the defendant’s failure to
allege in a rule 3.850 motion that he was insane at the time of the offense renders the
claim facially insufficient (citing Gillis v. State, 807 So. 2d 204 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002); Baker
v. State, 404 So. 2d 1151 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981))). Because this pleading defect may be
correctable, Turem is entitled to at least one opportunity to correct this deficiency. See
id. at 355 (citing Spera v. State, 971 So. 2d 754 (Fla. 2007)).
Finally, we reverse the summary denial of ground eight and remand for
reconsideration based upon our reversal here of the individual claims. See Legrande v.
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State, 206 So. 3d 146, 147 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016) (“As two of Legrande’s claims require
reversal for attachment of the record or evidentiary hearing, we also remand ground six,
which alleges cumulative error, for further consideration.”).
In sum, we: (1) treat grounds one, two, three, five, and seven of Turem’s motion
as one claim and reverse and remand for an evidentiary hearing or attachment of
additional records to conclusively refute this claim; (2) reverse the summary denial of the
“first” ground six, a facially insufficient claim, and remand for the entry of an order allowing
Turem sixty days to amend this claim, if he can do so in good faith; and (3) reverse the
summary denial of Turem’s cumulative error claim and remand for further consideration.
We affirm on all other grounds.2
AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; and REMANDED.
COHEN, C.J., ORFINGER, and LAMBERT, JJ., concur.
2To the extent that Turem separately asserted claims of trial court error or “newly
discovered” evidence in grounds one, two, three, five, and seven of his motion, we affirm
the summary denial of those aspects of the claims.
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