State v. Brown

[Cite as State v. Brown, 2017-Ohio-4063.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SCIOTO COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO, :

Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 16CA3770

v. :
DECISION AND
RAYMOND S. BROWN, : JUDGMENT ENTRY

Defendant-Appellant. : RELEASED: 05/26/17

APPEARANCES:
Raymond S. Brown, Chillicothe, Ohio, pro se appellant.

Mark E. Kuhn, Scioto County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jay Willis, Scioto County Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Portsmouth, Ohio, for appellee.

Hoover, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Raymond S. Brown (“Brown”), appeals the judgment of the

Scioto County Court of Common Pleas that denied his “Motion to Correct Sentence.”

{¶2} On appeal, Brown sets forth four assignments of error. In Brown’s first

assignment of error, he argues that the trial court erred by increasing his punishment and failing

to consider whether his convictions were allied offenses of similar import prior to sentencing him

in 2007. In his second assignment of error, Brown claims that the trial court erred by failing to

provide him with a statutorily compliant notice of post-release control. In the third assignment of

error, Brown contends that the trial court erred by failing to consider his present and future

ability to pay court costs and by failing to notify him that community service may result if he

fails to pay court costs. Lastly, in Brown’s fourth assignment of error, he claims that he was

denied effective assistance of counsel.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 2

{¶3} In contrast, Plaintiff-Appellee, the state of Ohio (“State”) responds to Brown’s

first assignment of error by first arguing that the sentences that were imposed upon Brown were

agreed upon by both Brown and his trial counsel. As a result, the agreed sentence is not

reviewable on appeal pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(D)(1). Next, the State contends that Brown’s

“Motion to Correct Sentence” is actually an untimely petition for post conviction relief that

should have been dismissed by the trial court. The State also argues that res judicata bars

Brown’s claims.

{¶4} With respect to Brown’s second assignment of error regarding post-release

control, the State remarks that although the trial court’s entry may have been inartfully drafted,

the entry did in fact provide the mandatory notification regarding post release control.

{¶5} As for Brown’s third assignment of error regarding court costs and community

control, the State contends that these arguments are not proper for a post conviction relief

petition and that the entry overruling these arguments does not constitute a final appealable

order. The State also claims that these arguments are barred by res judicata.

{¶6} Finally, the State argues in response to Brown’s fourth assignment of error of

ineffective assistance of counsel that Brown cannot demonstrate a claim of ineffective assistance

of counsel. The State further claims that any claim of ineffective assistance is barred by res

judicata.

{¶7} We disagree with all of Brown’s arguments. We characterize the claims set forth

in Brown’s “Motion to Correct Sentence” which are constitutional claims as a post conviction

relief petition that was untimely filed; as a result, the trial court did not have jurisdiction to rule

on the merits of the motion with respect to the constitutional claims. Rather, the trial court should

have dismissed these constitutional claims.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 3

{¶8} Brown also included in his “Motion to Correct Sentence” non-constitutional

claims. Brown had not filed a direct appeal; and using the vehicle of a “Motion to Correct

Sentence,” he attempts to circumvent appellate procedure by bootstrapping the non-

constitutional claims to the constitutional claims. We find that the non-constitutional claims fail

because Brown could have argued them in a direct appeal; but he did not do so. The non-

constitutional claims are barred by res judicata.

{¶9} We, therefore, affirm the judgment of the trial court as to the non-constitutional

claims; but we modify the judgment with respect to the constitutional claims to reflect that they

shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. We thus, affirm the judgment of the trial court as

modified.

I. Facts and Procedural History

{¶10} In June 2006, a Scioto County Grand Jury indicted Brown on three counts of rape

in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (A)(2), felonies of the first degree; three counts of rape

in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2), felonies of the first degree; and one count of gross sexual

imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree.

{¶11} The indictment arose from Brown’s sexual assaults of three different victims,

P.B., T.B., and R.S. The girls attended the church where Brown was a youth minister. Brown

admitted to having the girls spend the night at his house and having sex over three times with

both P.B. and T.B. T. B. was less than thirteen years of age at the time of the offenses. Brown

also admitted to rubbing R.S.’s vaginal area and breast. The events regarding T.B. and P.B.

allegedly occurred between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2006. The event regarding R.S.

allegedly occurred between March 1999 and March 2002.

{¶12} In August 2006, Brown filed a motion to determine his competence to stand trial
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 4

and to evaluate his sanity at the time of the act. After the parties stipulated to the psychological

report, the trial court found Brown competent to stand trial.

{¶13} In February 2007, Brown pleaded guilty to counts three, four, and five, which

were three counts of gross sexual imposition.1 Counts one, two, six, and seven were dismissed.

Brown and his trial attorney both signed a “Maximum Penalty” document and a “Waiver” of

Brown’s constitutional rights. In March 2007, the trial court sentenced Brown to five-year prison

terms on each count to be served consecutively to one another for an aggregate prison term of

fifteen years. It further notified Brown that “post release control [was] mandatory in this case and

[he] [would] serve a term of post release control of 5 years on each count.”2 (Docket No. 33).

{¶14} Brown did not file a direct appeal.

{¶15} More than nine years later, in August 2016, Brown filed a “Motion to Correct

Sentence” claiming multiple constitutional, non-constitutional, and statutory violations relating

to his convictions and sentences. The State filed a motion opposing Brown’s “Motion to Correct

Sentence.” In September 2016, the trial court denied Brown’s motion.

{¶16} On September 15, 2016, Brown filed a timely notice of appeal.

II. Assignments of Error

{¶17} On appeal, Brown assigns the following errors for our review:

1 The parties and the trial court presumably agreed to amend counts three, four, and five from rapes to gross sexual
impositions. This court does not have the benefit of the transcripts from the change of plea hearing and the
sentencing hearing; however, the “Maximum Penalty” form, the “Waiver” form, the original sentencing entry, as
well as the Nunc Pro Tunc sentencing entry all reflect that Brown pleaded guilty to three counts of gross sexual
imposition, felonies of the third degree. It is disturbing to this writing judge that the “Waiver” form and the original
sentencing entry specifically state that the three counts of gross sexual impositions were in violation of R.C.
2907.06. In addition, in the captions of both the original and the nunc pro tunc sentencing entries, the charges are
referred to as “Cts. 5, 6, 7: G.S.I.” Most importantly, however, Brown failed to provide a transcript of both the
change of plea hearing and the sentencing hearing. In the absence of the transcripts, we must presume regularity in
the trial court proceedings. Mumma v. Cooper, 4th Dist. Washington No. 02CA11, 2003–Ohio–2507, ¶ 5; Hartt v.
Munobe, 67 Ohio St.3d 3, 7, 615 N.E.2d 617 (1993); Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.3d 197, 199, 400
N.E.2d 384 (1980).
2
A nunc pro tunc judgment entry was filed on April 9, 2007 which corrected the Ohio Revised Code section number
for Gross Sexual Imposition from R.C. 2907.06 to R.C. 2907.05.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 5

Assignment of Error I:

The lower court committed prejudicial error in allowing increased punishment
and multiple convictions.

Assignment of Error II:

The lower court committed prejudicial error in failing to provide statutory
compliant notice of post-release control.
Assignment of Error III:

The lower court committed prejudicial error in ignoring legislative mandates
concerning financial sanctions.
Assignment of Error IV:

Appellant was deprived effective assistance of counsel.

III. Law and Analysis

A. Brown’s “Motion to Correct Sentence” is a Post Conviction Relief Petition

{¶18} In order to review the trial court’s dismissal of Brown’s “Motion to Correct

Sentence,” we must first determine how to characterize the motion. “ ‘Courts may recast

irregular motions into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the criteria by which

the motion should be judged.’ ” State v. Burkes, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 13CA3582, 2014–Ohio–

3311, ¶ 11, quoting State v. Schlee, 117 Ohio St.3d 153, 2008–Ohio–545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12.

{¶19} The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that “[w]here a criminal defendant,

subsequent to his or her direct appeal, files a motion seeking vacation or correction of his or her

sentence on the basis that his or her constitutional rights have been violated, such a motion is a

petition for post-conviction relief as defined in R.C. 2953.21.” State v. Reynolds, 79 Ohio St.3d

158, 679 N.E.2d 1131 (1997), syllabus. A “Motion to Correct or Vacate Sentence, despite its

caption, meets the definition of a motion for post conviction relief set forth in R.C.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 6

2953.21(A)(1), because it is a motion that was (1) filed subsequent to [defendant’s] direct appeal,

(2) claimed a denial of constitutional rights, (3) sought to render the judgment void, and (4)

asked for vacation of the judgment and sentence.” Id., at 160.

{¶20} “[P]ost-conviction relief petitions are used to assert claims that there was a denial

or infringement of the person’s rights as to render the judgment void or voidable under the Ohio

or United States Constitutions.” State v. Kelly, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 14CA3637, 2014-Ohio-5840,

¶ 4. “It is a means to resolve constitutional claims that cannot be addressed on direct appeal

because the evidence supporting the claims is not contained in the record.” Id., at ¶ 5, citing State

v. Shaffer, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 14CA15, 2014–Ohio–4976, ¶ 9; State v. Knauff, 4th Dist.

Adams No. 13CA976, 2014–Ohio–308, ¶ 18.

{¶21} Here, the constitutional claims set forth in Brown’s “Motion to Correct Sentence”

meet the definition of a petition for post conviction relief pursuant to R.C. 2953.21. Brown filed

the “Motion to Correct Sentence” after expiration of the time for filing a direct appeal; Brown

also claimed in part that his constitutional rights had been violated by the trial court. Brown

sought to render the judgment void; and he asked for vacation of the judgment and sentence.

B. Standard of Review for Post Conviction Relief Petition

{¶22} A trial court’s decision granting or denying a post conviction petition filed

pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 should be upheld absent an abuse of discretion; a reviewing court

should not overrule the trial court’s finding on a petition for post conviction relief that is

supported by competent, credible evidence. State v. Bennington, 4th Dist. Adams No. 12CA956,

2013-Ohio-3772, ¶ 8, citing State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006–Ohio–6679, 860 N.E.2d

77, ¶ 45. The term “abuse of discretion” connotes more than an error of judgment; it implies the

court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Id., citing State v. Adams, 623 Ohio
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 7

St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144 (1980).

C. Brown’s “Motion to Correct Sentence” was an Untimely Post Conviction Relief Petition;
and thus the Trial Court did not have Jurisdiction to Decide the Merits of the Motion as to
the Constitutional Claims

{¶23} First of all, limitations exist with the filing of a post conviction relief petition. A

petition for post conviction relief is subject to strict filing requirements. Former R.C.

2953.21(A)(2) required a petition for post conviction relief to be filed “no later than one hundred

eighty days after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in the direct

appeal of the judgment of conviction or adjudication * * *. If no appeal is taken * * * the petition

shall be filed no later than one hundred eighty days after the expiration of the time for filing the

appeal.” On March 26, 2015, HB 663 took effect and extended the time for filing a petition for

post conviction relief to (1) 365 days from the date on which the trial transcript was filed in the

court of appeals in the direct appeal of the judgment of conviction or (2) 365 days after the

expiration of the time for filing the notice of appeal, if no direct appeal is taken. R.C.

2953.21(A)(2).

{¶24} If a defendant fails to file his petition within the prescribed period, the trial court

may entertain the petition only if: (1) the petitioner shows either that he was unavoidably

prevented from discovery of the facts upon which he must rely to present the claim for relief or

that the United States Supreme Court recognized a new federal or state right that applies

retroactively to him; and (2) the petitioner shows by clear and convincing evidence that no

reasonable factfinder would have found him guilty but for constitutional error at trial. R.C.

2953.23(A)(1); see also State v. McManaway, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 16CA8, 2016-Ohio-7470,

¶¶ 13-16 (trial court lacks jurisdiction to entertain an untimely petition for post conviction relief

unless the untimeliness is excused by statute).
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 8

{¶25} In the case sub judice, Brown’s “Motion to Correct Sentence” was clearly filed

outside of the 365 days after the expiration of the time for filing the notice of appeal; and

consequently, Brown’s motion constitutes an untimely petition for post conviction relief.

Moreover, Brown failed to argue and establish the applicability of either exception set forth in

R.C. 2953.23(A). Consequently, rather than evaluating Brown’s motion under an abuse of

discretion standard, we find that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain the motion. The

trial court technically erred by addressing the merits of Brown’s motion. Instead, Brown’s

motion with respect to the constitutional claims should have been dismissed for lack of

jurisdiction. This error does not prejudice Brown, however, because the outcome remains the

same. Brown’s constitutional claims would have failed regardless because the claims were

untimely.

{¶26} Specifically, Brown’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails due to the

untimeliness of it. Even if not untimely, the ineffective assistance of counsel claim would be

barred under the doctrine of res judicata to the extent that Brown’s claim is based on matters

within the record. The proper time to raise this type of ineffective assistance of counsel argument

would have been by direct appeal of the original conviction and sentence. State v. Allbaugh, 4th

Dist. Athens No. 12CA23, 2013-Ohio-2031; see also State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112,113–114,

443 N.E.2d 169 (1982); Evans, 1990 WL 66937 at *2; State v. Ledger, 17 Ohio App.3d 94, 477

N.E.2d 643, paragraph one of the syllabus (8th Dist.1984).

D. Brown’s Post-Release Notification does not Render Sentence Void

{¶27} Brown also claims the post-release control portion of his sentence is void.

Specifically, he claims the trial court erred in imposing three, five-year periods of post-release

control. To resolve this issue, “we must interpret and apply the statutes related to postrelease
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 9

control and parole. Thus, our review is de novo.” State v. Pelfrey, 4th Dist. Scioto No.

11CA3418, 2013-Ohio-593, ¶ 8, citing State v. Lofton, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 11 CA16, 2012–

Ohio–2274, ¶ 7, citing State v. Jenkins, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 10CA3389, 2011–Ohio–6924, ¶ 9.

{¶28} “ ‘[I]f a sentence is void for failure to include proper postrelease-control

notification, the trial court—or the reviewing court—has an obligation to recognize the void

sentence, vacate it, and order resentencing.’ ” State v. Dawson, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2012-CA-54,

2013-Ohio-1817, ¶ 8, citing State v. Harrison, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24471, 2011-Ohio-

6803, ¶ 20. “ ‘Presumably, a trial court, confronted with an untimely or successive petition for

postconviction relief that challenges a void sentence, must ignore the procedural irregularities of

the petition and, instead, vacate the void sentence and resentence the defendant.’ ” State v.

Hudson, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2014 CA 53, 2014-Ohio-5368, ¶ 19, quoting State v. Holcomb, 184

Ohio App.3d 577, 2009–Ohio–3187, 921 N.E.2d 1077, ¶ 19 (9th Dist.); see also State v. Hartley,

10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP-192, 2016-Ohio-2854, ¶ 28; State v. Bandy, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

Nos. 101785, 101786, 2015-Ohio-1033, ¶ 11.

{¶29} Therefore, even though Brown’s post conviction relief petition was untimely, we

will review Brown’s Assignment of Error II claiming that his sentence is void for failure to

notify him properly of his post-release control conditions.

{¶30} R.C. 2967.28(B) provides, in relevant part, “Each sentence to a prison term * * *

for a felony sex offense * * * shall include a requirement that the offender be subject to a period

of post-release control imposed by the parole board after the offender’s release from

imprisonment.” (Emphasis added.) Gross sexual imposition is a “felony sex offense” and carries

a five-year period of post-release control. R.C. 2967.28(A)(3), (B)(1).
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 10

{¶31} Under these statutes, the trial court was required to impose one, five-year period

of post-release control for each sentence to a prison term for a felony sex offense. Because

Brown was sentenced to three prison terms on three felony sex offenses, the trial court was

required to impose one, five-year period of post-release control on each sentence.

{¶32} Brown mistakenly believes he was unlawfully sentenced to a 15-year period of

post-release control. But under R.C. 2967.28(F)(4)(c), “Periods of post-release control shall be

served concurrently and shall not be imposed consecutively to each other.” Thus, while the trial

court imposed three, five-year periods of post-release control, the trial court did not order that

these terms run consecutive to one another. By statute, these periods run concurrently for a total

of five years supervision.

{¶33} After a de novo review, we find that the trial court correctly denied Brown’s

“Motion to Correct Sentence” based on the claim of a statutorily non-compliant notification of

post-release control. We overrule Brown’s Assignment of Error II.

E. Res Judicata Bars all other Non-Constitutional Claims3

{¶34} “Generally, a petitioner cannot raise, for purposes of postconviction relief, an

error that could have been raised on direct appeal. In other words, if a petitioner fails to bring an

appeal as of right, he cannot raise in a petition for postconviction relief those issues that should

have been raised in a direct appeal.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Hobbs, 4th Dist. Meigs No.

09CA1, 2009-Ohio-7065, ¶ 5.

3 Where a defendant files a post conviction motion claiming his conviction and sentence is void
or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the United States Constitution, any constitutional
claims are subject to the requirements of a petition for post conviction relief; and any non-
constitutional claims are subject to res judicata. Compare State v. Berecz, 4th Dist. Washington
No. 16CA15, 2017-Ohio-266 with State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA17, 2014-Ohio-
4868.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 11

Res judicata is applicable in all postconviction relief proceedings. * * * “

‘[P]ublic policy dictates that there be an end of litigation; that those who have

contested an issue shall be bound by the result of the contest, and that matters

once tried shall be considered forever settled as between the parties.’ [Citation

omitted.] We have stressed that ‘[the] doctrine of res judicata is not a mere matter

of practice or procedure inherited from a more technical time than ours. It is a rule

of fundamental and substantial justice, “of public policy and of private peace,”

which should be cordially regarded and enforced by the courts. * * *’ [Citation

omitted.]”

State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 95, 671 N.E.2d 233 (1996), citing Federated Dept. Stores,

Inc. v. Moitie, 452 U.S. 394, 401, 101 S.Ct. 2424, 69 L.Ed.2d 103 (1981).

{¶35} In this case, Brown failed to file a direct appeal. Brown’s “Motion to Correct

Sentence” raises non-constitutional claims that he could have raised in a timely direct appeal. For

example, in Brown’s Assignment of Error I, he argues that the trial court failed to resolve the

issue of merger. This issue could have been raised in a direct appeal and is now barred by res

judicata. State v. Knowles, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP–991, 2016–Ohio–2859, ¶ 14 (res

judicata barred claims in post conviction motion challenging failure to merge allied offenses and

imposition of consecutive sentences).

{¶36} With respect to Assignment of Error III, Brown alleges that the lower court erred

by not complying with legislative mandates concerning financial sanctions. Brown claims that

the trial court did not notify him that his failure to pay court costs could result in the imposition

of community service. Brown also contends that no evidence exists in the record that the trial

court considered Brown’s present and future ability to pay before the financial sanctions were
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 12

imposed. These arguments should also have been raised in a direct appeal and are now barred by

res judicata.4 State v. Hunter, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102245, 2015-Ohio-4180, ¶ 8 (res judicata

barred the defendant from raising the issue of the court’s failure to properly advise him of his

obligation to pay court costs).

{¶37} All of Brown’s assignments of error are overruled.

IV. Conclusion

{¶38} We overrule Brown’s four assignments of error. With respect to Brown’s

constitutional claims, these claims were set forth in an untimely post conviction relief petition

and are time-barred. The trial court lacked jurisdiction to consider these claims. Therefore, under

the authority of App.R. 12(A)(1)(a), we shall modify the judgment appealed to reflect the

dismissal of Brown’s constitutional claims. The judgment appealed shall remain intact with

respect to Brown’s remaining meritless claims.

{¶39} Thus, we affirm the judgment with the modification. See State v. Brewer, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 24910, 2012-Ohio-5406, ¶ 10; State v. Griffin, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-

150258 and 150005, 2016-Ohio-782, ¶ 13.

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.

4 It should be noted that Brown did not move the trial court to waive or modify the court costs.
The current version of R.C. 2947.23(C) states that a court retains jurisdiction to waive, suspend,
or modify court costs “at the time of sentencing or at any time thereafter.” Because Brown is
claiming error in notification procedures and the trial court’s alleged failure to consider his
present and future ability to pay, R.C. 2947.23(C) does not apply to the case sub judice.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3770 13

JUDGMENT ENTRY

It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED. Appellant shall pay
the costs.

The Court finds that reasonable grounds existed for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Scioto County
Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.

IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL HAS
BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it is
temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The
purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme Court of Ohio an
application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court. If a stay is continued by
this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the sixty day period, or the failure of
the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day
appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio.
Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days,
the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Harsha, J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
McFarland, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.

For the Court

BY: ____________________________
Marie Hoover, Judge

NOTICE TO COUNSEL

Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and
the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.