Srour v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
Filed: May 17, 2017

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
CHERI SROUR, *
* PUBLISHED
*
Petitioner, * No. 14-283V
*
v. * Special Master Gowen
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Attorneys’ Fees and Costs; Entitlement to
AND HUMAN SERVICES, * Forum Rates; Adjustment of Attorneys’ and
* Paralegals’ Rates; Reductions to Fees and
Respondent. * Costs for Prior State Court Claim.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Robert Joseph Tolchin, Berkman Law Firm, LLC, Brooklyn, NY, for petitioner.
Gordon Elliott Shemin, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

On April 11, 2014, Cheri Srour (“petitioner”) filed a petition pursuant to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to 34 (2012). Petitioner alleged
that as a result of receiving an influenza (“flu”) vaccine on October 17, 2007, she suffered a
significant aggravation of a pre-existing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
(“CIDP”) or Guillain-Barré Syndrome (“GBS”). On August 17, 2016, I issued a decision
awarding compensation to petitioner based on the parties’ stipulation. On March 10, 2017,
petitioner filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and costs. Petitioner’s Motion. She requested
attorneys’ fees in the amount of $142,701.25 and attorneys’ costs in the amount of $19,171.42,
for a total attorneys’ fees and costs request of $161,872.70. Petitioner’s Motion at 5.

1
Because this decision contains a reasoned explanation for my action in this case, I intend to post this
ruling on the website of the United States Court of Federal Claims, in accordance with the E-Government
Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012)(Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic
Government Services). As provided by Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has 14 days within which to
request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or
financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files,
the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b).
2
The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National Childhood
Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§
300aa-1 to 34 (2012) (Vaccine Act or the Act). All citations in this decision to individual sections of the
Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C.A. § 300aa.

1
 As discussed below, petitioner requested hourly rates higher than those found to be
reasonable in McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). She also requested full reimbursement of the fees and costs
related to a state court claim against the doctor and the physician group who allegedly
administered the vaccine, which was eventually dismissed so that petitioner could file a claim in
the Vaccine Program. As discussed below, I award $81,987.75 in attorneys’ fees and $18,724.42
in attorneys’ costs for a total attorneys’ fees and costs award of $100,712.17.

I. Procedural History

a. State Court Claim

On April 15, 2010, petitioner filed a civil suit in state court against Hematology &
Oncology Associates of Brooklyn, LLP and Joseph Lebowicz, M.D.3 In the complaint,
petitioner alleged that the defendants were jointly and severally liable for medical malpractice.
Specifically, petitioner alleged that the defendants breached their standard of care by failing to
collect petitioner’s medical history and conduct an appropriate physical examination, and by
administering medications, including the flu vaccine, which were contraindicated for a patient
“with an abnormal immune system receiving IVIG treatments.” Petitioner’s Exhibit 18 at 5-6.
Petitioner also claimed that they failed to obtain her informed consent for receiving the vaccine.
Id. at 7.

As part of the civil case, petitioner’s counsel obtained her extensive medical records, as
well as relevant billing records and pharmaceutical records.4 Depositions were also taken of
petitioner, her mother, her father, defendant Joseph Lebowicz, M.D. (who supervised her IVIG
treatments), and nurse Nina Kalinina (who administered the IVIG treatments and allegedly
administered the flu vaccine as an employee of defendant Hematology & Oncology Associates
of Brooklyn, LLP).5 The defendants’ medical records did not reflect that petitioner received a
flu vaccine in conjunction with her IVIG treatment on October 17, 2007. See Petitioner’s
Exhibit 2 at 31, 38. However, “via depositions of the doctor and nurse, and thereafter obtaining
the doctor’s pharmaceutical billing records showing that the doctor’s office had billed the
petitioner’s insurance for the flu shot, evidence was established that the petitioner did in fact

3
Petitioner later filed a Vaccine Program claim. She filed the summons and the complaint for the civil
suit as Exhibit 18.
4
Petitioner also filed these records in support of her Vaccine Program claim. See Ex. 1 – Birth
Certificate; Ex. 2 – Hematology & Oncology Associates chart (facility where flu shot administered); Ex.
3 – Maimonides Hospital March- November 2007; Ex. 4 – Mount Sinai Medical Center (November
2007); Ex. 5 – Cornell-NY Presbyterian Records; Ex. 6 – Columbia University Medical Records January
2008; Ex. 7 – Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center; Ex. 8 – Dr. Ann Hanley Records.
5
Petitioner also filed the deposition materials on the docket for her Vaccine Program claim. See Ex. 9 –
Deposition of Cheri Srour (petitioner); Ex. 10 – Declaration of Cheri Srour; Ex. 11 – Deposition of Sara
Srour (Cheri Srour’s mother); Ex. 12 – Deposition of Marcel Srour (Cheri Srour’s father); Ex. 13 –
Deposition of Dr. Joseph Lebowicz (doctor from Hematology & Oncology Associates); Ex. 14 -
Deposition of Nurse Nina Kalinina (nurse who administered flu vaccine).

2
receive the flu shot as she contended.” Petitioner’s Motion at 4.

Following the completion of discovery, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the state
court action to enable petitioner to file a claim in the Vaccine Program. Id.6 On May 7, 2013,
the defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted, so that petitioner could file a claim in the
Vaccine Program which was the appropriate forum for the claim. Petitioner’s Exhibit 17. The
state court’s order specified that if the Vaccine Program declined jurisdiction, the state court case
could be restored. Id.

b. Vaccine Claim

On April 11, 2014, petitioner filed a petition pursuant to the National Vaccine Injury
Compensation Program. Petitioner alleged that as a result of receiving an influenza (“flu”)
vaccine on October 17, 2007, she suffered a “severe worsening or relapse of her neurological
deficits consistent with acquired demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy, classified as either
“Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy” (“CIDP”) or Guillain-Barré Syndrome
(“GBS”). Petition at 2. She filed two expert reports, prepared after the dismissal of the state
court claim. Petitioner’s Exhibits 15-16. I held an initial status conference on May 23, 2014.
The parties agreed to explore informal resolution of the claim. On August 17, 2016, I issued a
decision awarding compensation to petitioner based on the parties’ stipulation. Judgment was
entered on August 19, 2016. Under Vaccine Rule 13, petitioner’s motion for attorneys’ fees and
costs was due 180 days after the entry of judgment, on February 15, 2017. On February 9, 2017,
petitioner filed a motion for a thirty-day extension to file her motion for attorneys’ fees and
costs, which I granted.

On March 10, 2017, petitioner filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and costs. Petitioner’s
Motion. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of $142,701.25 and attorneys’ costs in
the amount of $19,171.42, for a total attorneys’ fees and costs request of $161,872.70. Id. at 5.
Petitioner also filed her signed statement that she did not incur any fees or costs related to the
prosecution of this claim, pursuant to General Order #9.

On March 17, 2017, respondent filed a response to petitioner’s motion. Respondent’s
Response. Respondent “respectfully recommend[ed] that the Special Master exercise his
discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id. at 2. Petitioner’s
motion for attorneys’ fees and costs is now ripe for review.

II. Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees

Under the Vaccine Act, a special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs
for any petition that results in an award of compensation. § 300aa-15(e)(1). In the present case,
petitioner was awarded substantial compensation pursuant to a joint stipulation. Therefore,
petitioner is entitled to an award of reasonable fees and costs.

6
Petitioner filed the order dismissing the state court claim as Exhibit 17 to the Vaccine Program claim.

3
 The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable” attorneys’ fees and costs. § 300aa-
15(e)(1). Congress did not expect legal fees and costs in the Vaccine Program to be high,
“because of [its] no-fault nature…. its simplified procedures, and its elimination of the need to
prove fault or causation in every case.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 3 F.3d
1517, 1520 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting H.R. REP. NO. 99-908, at 36 reprinted in 1986
U.S.C.C.A.N. 6344, 6377). Special masters have “wide discretion in determining the
reasonableness” of attorneys’ fees and costs. See Perreira v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs.,
27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992), aff'd, 33 F.3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 1994); see also Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1519
(“special masters are also entitled to use their prior experience in reviewing fee applications”).

The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine reasonable
attorneys’ fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515
F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a court determines the
reasonable hourly rate, which is then applied to the number of hours reasonably expended on the
litigation.” Id. at 1347-58 (citing Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the court
may make an upward or downward departure from the initial calculation of the award based on
other specific findings. Id. at 1348.

a. Reasonable Hourly Rates

Petitioner seeks attorney’s fees in the amount of $142,701.75, which reflects the
following hourly rates for work performed from 2009 to 2016: $500.00 for Robert J. Tolchin and
Marna Berkman; $475.00 for David Steigbigel; $375.00 for Aaron Solomon and Mark Salem;
and $150.00 for paralegals Brian Young, Franca Talavera, and Cindy Strong. Petitioner’s
Motion, Exhibit A at 1. I find that these rates exceed the rates awarded for attorneys and
paralegals in the Vaccine Program, and they shall be adjusted.

Under the Vaccine Act, a reasonable hourly rate is “the prevailing market rate defined as
the rate prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable
skill, experience, and reputation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1347-48. In determining an award of
attorneys’ fees, a court should generally use the forum rate, i.e., the rate in the District of
Columbia. Id. at 1348. However, an exception to the forum rule applies if an attorney performs
a majority of the work on the vaccine claim outside of the forum and there is a “very significant”
difference in compensation rates between the place where the work was performed and the
forum. Id. at 1349 (citing Davis County v. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv.
Dist. v. United States Envtl. Prot. Agency, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). The Federal
Circuit has determined that the forum rate is effectively a ceiling. See Rodriguez v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3d 1381, 1385-86 (Fed. Cir. 2011).

I conducted a thorough analysis to determine appropriate hourly rates for forum work
performed in the Vaccine Program. McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-
293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015), motion for reconsideration
denied, 2015 WL 6181910 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 21, 2015). After discussing the potential
approaches to setting a forum rate and reviewing cases and material from both inside and outside
of the Vaccine Program, I concluded that the following factors should be considered in
determining an attorney’s appropriate hourly rate: (1) the prevailing rate for comparable legal

4
work in Washington, D.C.; (2) the prevailing rate for cases in the Vaccine Program; (3) the
experience of the attorney(s) in question within the Vaccine Program; (4) the overall legal
experience of the attorney(s); (5) the quality of work performed by the attorney(s) in vaccine
cases; and (6) the reputation of the attorney(s) in the legal community and the community at
large. McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *17. In McCulloch, I found that the following hourly
rate ranges were appropriate:

Attorneys with:
20+ years of experience in practice $350- $425
11-19 years of experience in practice $300- $375
8-10 years of experience in practice $275- $350
4-7 years of experience in practice $225- $300
Less than 4 years of experience in practice $150- $225
Paralegals $125- $145

McCulloch has been endorsed by all current special masters. Additionally, it is the basis
for the fee schedule which is published on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website as
a resource for petitioners’ counsel. See Office of Special Masters – Attorneys’ Forum Hourly
Rate Fee Schedules, available at http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/2914 (last accessed May
17, 2017).

Special masters have consistently found that it is appropriate to award forum rates to
legal professionals practicing in the greater New York metropolitan area, which has a similar
legal market, costs of living, and overhead costs as those in the Washington, D.C. forum area.
See, e.g., Michel v. Secretary of Health Human Servs., No. 14-781V, 2016 WL 7574478 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 28, 2016); Romig v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-942V, 2016
WL 8378157 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 15, 2016); Paterek v. Secretary of Health Human Servs.,
No. 2-411V, 2014 WL 3339503 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 12, 2014); DiMatteo v. Secretary of
Health Human Servs., No. 10-566V, 2014 WL 1509320 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 27, 2014).

Because petitioner’s counsel are located in Brooklyn, New York, they are entitled to
forum rates. I will award forum rates consistent with each individual’s general legal experience
and specific experience with the Vaccine Program.

i. Robert Tolchin

Petitioner requests $500.00 per hour for work performed by her lead counsel, Robert
Tolchin. Petitioner’s Motion at 5. Mr. Tolchin states that this was his regular hourly rate during
this time period. Id. However, this rate will not be awarded because it exceeds the McCulloch
ranges applicable to Mr. Tolchin, based on his years of experience. (Indeed, it exceeds
McCulloch’s upper limit for any attorneys practicing in the Vaccine Program, even those with
the most legal experience, specific knowledge of the Program, skills, and reputation.)

Mr. Tolchin’s declaration states that he has been practicing law since 1992. Id. at 6.
Therefore, based on his years of experience, the appropriate hourly rate for his work in the
Vaccine Program is somewhere within the range of $300 - $375 for work performed from 2009 -

5
2011, and $350 - $425 for work performed from 2012 - 2016. In determining the appropriate
rates within these ranges, I recognize that Mr. Tolchin has expertise in certain areas of the law,
including medical malpractice, and he appears to have a positive reputation. However, this is
Mr. Tolchin’s and his colleagues’ first case in the Vaccine Program. Their unfamiliarity with the
Vaccine Program is evidenced by the initial management of the case. The first billing entry is
from October 27, 2009, when Mr. Tolchin spent 2 hours on “intake.” Petitioner’s Motion,
Exhibit A at 1. After one associate, Aaron Solomon recorded four hours to “research law and
medicine” and another associate, Mark Salem, obtained various medical records, in April 2010,
Mr. Tolchin “review[ed] medical records, law and medical research” and “draft[ed] summons
and complaint.” Id. at 1-2. These records reflect that Mr. Tolchin and the attorneys he
supervised were not aware of the Vaccine Program, and despite their initial research, they
decided to file a state court claim. This claim was dismissed over three years later, in May 2013,
when the state court recognized that the Vaccine Program was the sole appropriate forum for the
claim.

Based on this course of action, while recognizing the excellent result ultimately obtained
for his client, it is appropriate to award Mr. Tolchin $350.00 per hour for his work performed
from 2009 - 2011, and $400.00 per hour for his work performed from 2012 -2016.

ii. Marna Berkman

Petitioner also requests $500.00 per hour for a limited amount of work done in 2011 by
Marna Berkman. Petitioner’s Motion at 6. According to Mr. Tolchin’s declaration, Ms.
Berkman has been practicing law since 1994. Id. Therefore, in 2011, she had 17 years of
experience and could receive an hourly rate within the range of $300 - $375.

Like Mr. Tolchin, Ms. Berkman is admitted to the bars of several states and several
federal courts, she has experience in other areas of the law, and she seems to have a generally
positive reputation. Id. However, it does not appear that she had any previous exposure to the
Vaccine Program. I will award $350.00 per hour for her work.

iii. David Steigbigel

Petitioner requests that David Steigbigel, a senior associate at the firm, be compensated at
a rate of $475.00 per hour. Petitioner’s Motion at 6. This rate, as well, is inappropriately high.
Mr. Steigbigel began practicing law in 1992. Id. Therefore, the appropriate range for his work
on the case in 2011 was between $300 - $375 per hour. The range for his work from 2012 - 2016
was $350 - $425 per hour.

Mr. Steigbigel seems to have a positive reputation and expertise in other areas of the law,
but no knowledge of the Vaccine Program when he began working on this case. I will award Mr.
Steigbigel $340.00 per hour for his work in 2011, and $390.00 per hour for his work in 2012 –
2016.

6
 iv. Aaron Solomon

Petitioner requests an hourly rate of $375.00 for work performed by Aaron Solomon from
2009 to 2013. Petitioner’s Motion at 6. According to Mr. Tolchin’s declaration, Mr. Solomon
began practicing law in 2010. Id. He was not admitted to practice law when he entered 4 hours
of “research [on] law and medicine” on October 30, 2009. Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit A at 1.
Therefore, he should not receive an attorney rate for this work. I will award him $145.00 per
hour for this entry in 2009.

Mr. Solomon did additional work on the case from 2010 to 2013. Based on his years of
general legal experience, the appropriate range for his work during this period is $150 – $225 an
hour. I recognize that during this period, Mr. Solomon was admitted to the bar, gained legal
experience, and helped prepare for depositions and discovery that eventually led to a very
sizeable settlement for petitioner in the Vaccine Program. However, he was not initially familiar
with the Vaccine Program and likely only became aware of it when the defendants in the state
court claim filed their motion to dismiss. Therefore, he should not receive a rate at the top of this
range. He will be awarded $175.00 per hour for his work from 2010 to 2013.

v. Mark Salem

Petitioner also requests $375.00 per hour for work performed by Mark Salem from 2009
to 2016. Petitioner’s Motion at 7. Like the other rates requested, this rate exceeds what would
be appropriate under McCulloch.

According to Mr. Tolchin’s declaration, Mr. Salem began practicing law in 2009.
Petitioner’s Motion at 7. Therefore, his first work on the case in 2009 and 2010 should be
compensated at a rate somewhere between $150 - $225 per hour. This range is for attorneys with
zero to four years of general legal experience. Because Mr. Salem was in his first year of
practice and he had no knowledge whatsoever of the Vaccine Program, I will award him $175.00
per hour for the work performed in 2009 and 2010.

Mr. Salem did additional work on the case in 2015 and 2016. At this point, since Mr.
Salem has 6-7 years of legal experience, the reasonable range for his work in the Vaccine
Program was $225 - $300 per hour. This range is for attorneys with 4-7 years of experience. Mr.
Salem’s experience was toward the upper end of this range, by which point, he had a better
understanding of the Vaccine Program. Therefore, I will award him $275.00 per hour for the
work during this period.

vi. Paralegals

Petitioner requests her counsel’s regular paralegal billing rate of $150.00 per hour, for
“three experienced paralegals”: Brian Young, Franca Talavera, and Cindy Strong. Petitioner’s
Motion at 7. This rate must also be adjusted.

7
 The OSM forum rate schedule provides a range of $125.00 to $145.00 per hour for work
performed by paralegals in 2016. This range recognizes that it is appropriate to pay more for
work performed by paralegals with greater education and experience. Indeed, in McCulloch, I
decided to award higher rates to each paralegal who was a “well-qualified, carefully chosen
college graduate” with “several years at the firm doing exclusively vaccine work.” McCulloch at
*21. In the present case, Mr. Tolchin represented that his paralegals are “experienced.” But
neither Mr. Tolchin’s declaration nor internet research revealed each paralegal’s level of
education or amount of experience. And it is unlikely that any paralegal had experience with the
Vaccine Program, since this was the firm’s first case. Accordingly, it is reasonable to award
$125.00 per hour for the paralegals’ work.

b. Reduction of Billable Hours

As noted above, the Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and
“other costs.” § 300aa—15(e)(1). Counsel must submit fee requests that include
contemporaneous and specific billing records indicating the service performed, the number of
hours expended on the service, and the name of the person performing the service. See Savin v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (Fed. Cl. 2008). Counsel should not
include in their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.”
Saxton, 3 F.3d at1521 (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It is “well
within the special master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her] experience
and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the special master
may reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent and without
providing petitioners notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (Fed. Cl. 2009). A special master need not engage in a line-
by-line analysis of petitioner’s fee application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (Fed. Cl. 2011). Just as “[t]rial court courts
routinely use their prior experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours claimed in
attorney fee requests . . . [v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use their prior
experience in reviewing fee applications.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521 (citing Farrar v. Sec'y of
Health & Human Servs., 1992 WL 336502 at *2-3 (Cl. Ct. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 2, 1992)).

In this case, petitioner is entitled to an award of attorneys’ fees and costs, but I find that it
is appropriate to reduce compensation for the hours expended on the state court claim.

i. Reduction for Work on the State Court Claim

Under the Vaccine Program, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs are limited to those
“incurred in any proceeding on [a] petition.” § 15(e)(1). Past decisions have denied
compensation for fees and costs associated with pursuing civil claims outside of the Vaccine
Program. See, e.g., Twerdok v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-1237V, 2016 WL
7048036 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 4, 2016) (denying compensation for research related to a
civil suit against the pharmacy where the vaccine was administered); Krause v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., No. 01-93V, 2012 WL 4477431 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 20, 2012) (not
reimbursing counsel for “research conducted to explore petitioner’s civil remedies”).

8
 Petitioner’s counsel entered a total of 324 hours in this case.7 Between October 2009 to
May 2013, counsel entered 168.95 hours for intake, initial research, and litigation of the state
court claim against petitioner’s medical providers. Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit A at 1-4. The
bulk of these hours was spent on discovery – specifically preparation for and depositions of
petitioner, her mother, her father, the doctor, and the nurse. After the parties conducted full
discovery, the state court granted the defendant’s motion to dismiss on May 9, 2013, so that
petitioner could bring a claim in the Vaccine Program.

Petitioner’s counsel contend that they should be fully compensated for their work on the
state court claim because they obtained information which contributed to petitioner eventually
prevailing in the Vaccine Program. Specifically, the medical records did not reflect that
petitioner received the flu shot at issue. Petitioner’s Motion at 3-4. Counsel argue that they
resolved this issue through “full discovery,” in particular, through depositions of the doctor and
nurse and by obtaining billing records showing that the physician group had billed petitioner for
the flu shot. Id. at 4. Counsel argue that “without this crucial evidence, petitioner would not
have been able to proceed with a flu-shot-related claim in any forum.” Id. Counsel also state
that if the state court claim had not been filed, they “would have had to conduct the same
discovery in the Vaccine Court to develop that evidence.” Id. They also argue that the vaccine
claim was “an extension of the state court case and could not have proceeded without the work
product generated in state court, or duplication of that work product.” Id. Lastly, counsel state
that petitioner and respondent reached a joint stipulation after respondent reviewed the evidence
obtained during the state court claim. Id.

I agree that during litigation of the state court claim, counsel obtained certain evidence
showing that petitioner received the flu shot at issue, which was critical to petitioner’s successful
result in the Vaccine Program. However, counsel should not be fully compensated for their work
on the state court claim, particularly the extensive discovery conducted. They are not correct
that they would have had to conduct “the same discovery” if they had initially filed in the
Vaccine Program. Petitioner’s Motion at 4. But they would have had to generate evidence of
the vaccine, her condition before and after the vaccine, and her damages. The work done to
obtain records and develop the damages through the discovery process was undoubtedly helpful
in coming to a good resolution of her claim in the Vaccine Program.

The Vaccine Act created a “less adversarial, expeditious, and informal proceeding for the
resolution of petitions.” § 300aa-12(d)(2). A claim should be supported by the injured person’s
affidavit and other documentation showing that he or she received a covered vaccination,
suffered an injury meeting the Program’s severity requirement, and is otherwise eligible for
compensation. § 300aa-11(c). After a petition is filed, the special master reviews it and
schedules further proceedings. Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims – Appendix
B, Vaccine Rules – Title II (available at
http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/160801-Final-Version-of-Vaccine-Rules.pdf).

7
Petitioner’s motion for attorney’s fees and costs and the motion’s Exhibit A (a spreadsheet itemizing the
hours of attorney and paralegal time spent on the case) provide a total of 321 hours. Petitioner’s Motion
at 5; Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit A at 14. However, this includes one entry for 3 hours by “DS/ RT”
(presumably David Steigbigel and Robert Tolchin). Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit A at 12. When each
individual is counted separately, the total comes to 324 hours.
9
The special master may order the production of any evidence, documents, and testimony that is
“reasonable and necessary.” § 300aa-12(3)(B). Moreover, there may be “no discovery in a
proceeding on a petition other than the discovery required by the special master.” Id.; see also
Vaccine Rule 7 (providing that “there is no discovery as a matter of right” and “the informal and
cooperative exchange of information is the ordinary and preferred practice”).

If counsel had originally filed in the Vaccine Program, they would not have engaged in
formal discovery and would not have had to expend as much time as they did in the adversarial
state court claim. They still would have had to obtain petitioner’s complete records. They also
would have needed to establish that petitioner received the flu vaccine. The special master
assigned to the case may have ordered limited discovery. For example, the special master may
have ordered affidavits from petitioner and her parents regarding the administration of the
vaccine. The special master may have also authorized subpoenas addressed to petitioner’s
medical providers and the insurance company which was billed for the vaccine, if those records
were not voluntarily produced. The special master may also have required depositions or
interrogatories of the medical providers if the fact of vaccination could not have been otherwise
verified such as through the billing records. However, it would have been entirely unusual to
conduct formal depositions of five individuals at the outset of a Vaccine Program claim, even to
address an important factual dispute.8

Review of the depositions of petitioner and her parents shows that the depositions also
provided some necessary support for petitioner’s claim that the vaccine significantly aggravated
her underlying condition. See Loving v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 135, 144
(2009) (setting forth a six-part test: (1) what was petitioner’s condition prior to administration of
the vaccine; (2) what was petitioner’s condition after the vaccine; (3) whether the change
constitutes a significant aggravation; (4) a medical theory of how the vaccine caused the
significant aggravation; (5) a logical sequence of cause and effect between the vaccine and the
significant aggravation; and (6) a proximate temporal relationship between the vaccination and
the significant aggravation); see also W.C. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 704 F.3d 1352,
1357 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (holding that Loving “provides the correct framework for evaluating off-
Table significant aggravation claims”). This evidence of petitioner’s condition before and after
the flu shot was likely necessary to persuade respondent to enter into settlement negotiations.

8
Compare to Keaton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-444V, 2014 WL 3696349 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. July 2, 2014). The petitioner in Keaton also alleged injuries as a result of a flu vaccine. His
petition was filed on July 17, 2012. The petitioner filed an affidavit and numerous records. On January
14, 2013, respondent filed a status report indicating that she did not believe the evidence filed to date was
sufficient to establish that the petitioner received a covered vaccine. After the petitioner filed additional
records, the special master conducted a fact hearing which consisted of testimony from petitioner and his
wife to the effect that petitioner had received a flu vaccine and a non-covered pneumonia vaccine on the
same day. Petitioner then filed additional medical records. Respondent still contended that there was
insufficient proof of the alleged flu vaccine. The special master authorized several sets of interrogatories
to the medical providers. Eventually, through production of the medical provider’s vaccine log, it was
shown that petitioner received the pneumonia vaccine, but not the flu vaccine. At that juncture, the
special master previously assigned to the case retired, the case was reassigned to me, and I issued a ruling
on the issue. This case illustrates that a special master actively manages the course of a vaccine claim and
orders discovery as he or she finds to be necessary. The special master does, at times, order discovery on
the issue of receipt of the vaccines when the medical records are not clear.
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The depositions of petitioner and her parents also addressed petitioner’s ongoing injuries and
disabilities, which likely helped counsel obtain the very significant settlement award that they
did. Had counsel filed in the appropriate forum from the outset, they may have established this
evidence through affidavits from petitioner and her parents, in conjunction with the medical
records. To the extent that the depositions substituted for the necessary affidavits or testimony at
a hearing in the Vaccine Program, I will compensate for them in part.

I find that it is reasonable to award a portion of the hours expended on the state court
claim because it helped to establish that petitioner received the vaccine. It also provided
substantial information about petitioner’s condition before and after the vaccine, as well as her
damages and disabilities claimed in the Vaccine Program. However, the state court claim
involved formal discovery and significant work that would not have occurred if counsel had
originally filed in the Vaccine Program. Of the 168.95 hours expended before the state court
claim was dismissed, 84.475 hours (50%) will be awarded.

ii. Review of Hours Expended on the Vaccine Claim

After the state court claim was dismissed, between June 2013 to August 2016, counsel
entered a further 155.05 hours to file and resolve petitioner’s claim in the Vaccine Program.
Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit A at 4-14. This work included filing the complaint and exhibits;
obtaining additional medical records; communicating with petitioner and her parents; retaining
several medical experts and an expert economist; communicating with the court; and reaching a
settlement with respondent. I find that these hours are reasonable and should be awarded in full.

iii. Calculation of Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

Attorneys’ fees and costs will be awarded as follows:

Rate Hours Total Awarded
Awarded Awarded
Robert Tolchin
2009 $350 1 $350.00
2010 $350 6.25 $2,187.50
2012 $400 0.5 $200.00
2013 $400 19.375 $7,750.00
2014 $400 24.75 $9,900.00
2015 $400 13 $5,200.00
2016 $400 16.5 $6,600.00
Marna Berkman
2011 $350 4.5 $1,575.00
David Steigbigel
2011 $340 19.625 $6,672.50
2012 $390 3.1 $1,209.00
2013 $390 6.375 $2,486.25
2014 $390 26 $10,140.00
2015 $390 23.75 $9,262.50

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 2016 $390 23 $8,970.00
Aaron Solomon
2009 $145 2 $290.00
2010 $175 8.25 $1,443.75
2011 $175 8.75 $1,531.25
2012 $175 4.5 $787.50
2013 $175 3 $525.00
Mark Salem
2009 $175 3 $525.00
2010 $175 .25 $43.75
2015 $275 5 $1,375.00
2016 $275 5.55 $1,526.25
Paralegals
2010 $125 2.5 $312.50
2011 $125 6 $750.00
2012 $125 0.5 $62.50
2014 $125 2.5 $312.50
Total N/A 239.525 $81,987.75

c. Reasonable Attorneys’ Costs

Like attorneys’ fees, a request for reimbursement of costs must be reasonable. Perreira ,
27 Fed. Cl. at 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992). Petitioner’s counsel entered costs totaling $19,171.42.
Petitioner’s Motion, Exhibit B at 1. These include $447.00 in costs for filing and service of
process in the state court claim. Id. If counsel had correctly filed this case in the Vaccine
Program, they would not have incurred these costs. Therefore, counsel will not be reimbursed
for these costs.

Counsel also requested reimbursement for the deposition transcripts of the doctor and
nurse, but not for the transcripts of petitioner and her parents. As discussed above, I am
awarding counsel a portion of the fees associated with obtaining this evidence. I find that
awarding the costs of some, but not all, of the depositions accomplishes the same result.
Therefore, the submitted costs for the depositions will be awarded. The remaining costs are for
obtaining medical records; copies; postage; filing the Vaccine Program claim; and retaining
several medical experts and one expert economist. Id. at 2-41. These appear reasonable and
shall be awarded. Therefore, I award a total of $18,724.42 in attorneys’ costs.

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 III. Conclusion

Based on all of the above, I find that petitioner is entitled to the following award of
reasonable fees and costs:

Attorneys’ Fees Awarded $81,987.75

Attorneys’ Costs Awarded $18,724.42

Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded $100,712.17

Accordingly, I award the following:

1) A lump sum in the amount of $100,712.17, representing reimbursement for
attorney’s fees and costs, in the form of a check jointly payable to petitioner Ms.
Cheri Srour and petitioner’s counsel, Robert J. Tolchin of the Berkman Law
Firm, LLC.9

In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
the Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance herewith.10

IT IS SO ORDERED.

s/Thomas L. Gowen
Thomas L. Gowen
Special Master

9
This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award encompasses all
charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs,” and fees for legal services rendered.
Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including costs that would
be in addition to the amount awarded herein). See generally Black v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
924 F.3d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
10
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment is expedited by the parties’ joint filing of notice
renouncing the right to seek review.
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