Motors Liquidation Company DIP Lenders Trust v. Allianz Insurance Company

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE MOTORS LIQUIDATION COMPANY DIP LENDERS TRUST, Plaintiff, v. C.A. No. Nl lC-12-022 PRW CCLD ALLIANZ INSURANCE COMPANY, et al. , Defendants. Submitted: May 25, 2017 Decided: June 8, 2017 Corrected: June 19, 2017 MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Upon Defena'ants OneBeacon Ins. C0. & Continental Casually InS. C0. ’s Motions for Summary Jua’gment On Trigger and Sul`t Limitations, DENIED. Upon Defendant OneBeacOn Ins. Co. ’s Motl`onfor Summary Jua’gment On Transfer of R ights, DENIED. Upon Plaintij§‘"Motol/s Liquidatz'on Co. DIP Lenders Trust’s Cross-Motionsfor Summary Judgment on Transfer of Rights and Trl`gger, GRANTED. Upon Defendants OneBeacon Ins. Co. & Continental Casualty Ins. C0. ’s Cross-Motionsfor Partial Summary Jua'gment On Number of Occurrences, DENIED. Upon Plaintijj‘Motors Liquia’ation Co. DIP Lenders Trust ’s Renewed Motz`on for Partial Summarjy Jua’gment on the Number of Occurrences, GRANTED. Upon Defendants OneBeacOn Ins. Co. & Continental Casually Ins. C0. ’S Cross- Motions for Summary Judgment On Allocation, GRANTED. Upon Plainti]j"Motors Liquidation C0. DIP Lenders Trust ’s Renewed Motl'on for Partial Summarjy Judgment On Allocatz`on, DENIED. Jennifer C. Wasson, Esquire, Carla M. Jones, Esquire, Potter Anderson & Corroon, LLP, Wilmington, DE, Selena J. Linde, Esquire (pro hac vice), Michael T. Sharkey, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), Perkins Coie LLP, Washington, D.C., Attorneys for Plaintiffs Motors Liquidation Co. DIP Lenders Trust. Carmella P. Keener, Esquire, Rosenthal, Monhait & Goddess, P.A., Wilmington, DE, John S. Favate, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), Henry T.M. LeFevre-Snee, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), Hardin, Kundala, McKeon & Poletto, P.A., Attorneys for Defendant OneBeacon Insurance Company. Carmella P. Keener, Esquire, Rosenthal, Monhait & Goddess, P.A., Wilmington, DE, Ronald P. Schiller, Esquire (pro hac vice), Michael R. Carlson, Esquire (pro hac vice), Lisa M. Salazar, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), Hangley Aronchick Segal Pudlin & Schiller, Attorneys for Defendant Continental Casualty Insurance Company. WALLACE, J. I. INTRODUCTION Plaintiff Motors Liquidation Trust DIP Lenders Trust (“Motors”) sued several excess carriers, seeking coverage for underlying asbestos claims brought against General Motors (“GM”). OneBeacon Insurance Company (“OneBeacon”) issued three excess policies from 1969 to 1972. Defendant Continental Casualty Company (“Continental”) purportedly issued two excess policies from 1969 to l97l. The parties bring a series of motions seeking summary judgment on Defendants’ liability, if any, and the proper framework under Which to evaluate and allocate Motors’s claims. First, OneBeacon argues its insurance policies Were excluded from the asset transfer between GM and Motors during GM’s bankruptcy. Naturally, Motors says that the policies Were properly transferred from GM, and that OneBeacon still retains adopted responsibility under those policies. Second, OneBeacon argues its insurance policies Were not triggered because the liability policies that underlay them Were never triggered Motors contends these pre-1972 policies Were, in fact, triggered because they are occurrence-based Third, OneBeacon argues the underlying policies’ Suit Limitations Clause bars Motors’S claims because Motors filed suit years beyond the limitations period. Fourth, the parties disagree on the definition of “occurrence” as it pertains to policy coverage. Motors contends all of the remaining asbestos claims stem from GM’s initial parts’ manufacture. Conversely, OneBeacon says that each claim is its own occurrence deriving from each claimant’s alleged exposure to Gl\/l’s parts. Finally, the parties disagree on how to determine allocation. Motors contends that any allocation must be done on an “all sums” basis. OneBeacon says allocation must be done on a “pro rata” basis. Continental, if it must, joins all of OneBeacon’s summary judgment motions except OneBeacon’s motion for summary judgment regarding transfer. The Court puts it that way because Continental has posited that Motors has not provided sufficient evidence to show Continental’s policies follow form to the underlying Royal policies and therefore has failed to establish it has any liability here. The Court’s introduction to and recitation of the factual and procedural history of this litigation is set forth in the Court’s previous decisions.l The Court will, therefore, not undertake a protracted recounting thereof, but only briefly set forth that expressly necessary for this ruling. l Motors Liquidatz`on C0., Dip Lenders Trust v. Allianz Ins. C0., et al., 2013 WL 7095859 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 31, 2013) (“Motors 1”); Motors Liquia'ation Co. Dip Lena’ers Trust v. Allianz lns. C0., et al., 2015 WL 10376123 (Del. Super. Ct. Nov. 25, 2015), reargument denied, 2016 WL 825473 (Del. Super. Ct. Mar. 2, 2016) (“Motors II”). _2_ II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND A. GM’S INSURANCE TOWERS GM and Royal lnsurance Company (“Royal”) had a longstanding insurance relationship, beginning in approximately 1921 and continuing through September 1, 1993.2 On August 18, 1954, Royal issued RTP 060000 to Gl\/I, which was effective “until canceled.”3 Section IV of RTP 060000, entitled “Policy Period, Territory,” provided as follows: This policy applies worldwide, only to occurrences [deflned as: “an event, or continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which unexpectedly cause bodily injury . . .”] during the policy period provided the services, goods or products were manufactured, sold, handled or distributed within the United States of America, its territories, possessions, or Canada.4 2 Transmittal Aff. of Carmella P. Keener in Connection with OneBeacon Insurance Company’s Mot. for Summ. J. on Trigger, Ex. 4, at MLC DE 0004768-0004769 [hereinafter “Keener Trigger Aff.”]. 3 Ia'. Ex. 6 (“RTP 060000”), at MLC DE 0000007. 4 Id. at MLC DE 0000004 1. OneBeacon’s Policies5 Between November l, 1969, and March 21, 1972, OneBeacon issued three excess insurance policies to GM (collectively, the “OneBeacon Policies”).6 The OneBeacon Policies followed form to Royal Catastrophe Excess Policy RLA 35 (“RLA 35”).7 RLA 35, in turn, followed form to RTP 060000: [T]his Insurance is subject to the same warranties, terms and conditions (except as regards the premium, the obligation to investigate and defend, the amount and limits of liability and except as otherwise provided herein) as are contained in or as may be added to the Underlying Insurance prior to a happening for which claim is made hc-;~reunder.8 RTP060000 defines “occurrence” as: “an event, or continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which unexpectedly cause bodily injury[.]”9 5 OneBeacon is the Transferee of the Liabilities of American Employers Insurance Company. See Pl. Motors Liquidation Co. DIP Lenders Trust’s Opp. to Def. OneBeacon Insurance Company’s Mot. for Summ. J. on the Alleged Transfer of Rights Under the OneBeacon Policies and Cross-Mot. for Summ. J. on the Transfer of Rights Under the OneBeacon Policies at 3, n. 3 [hereinafter “Pl.’s Opp’n. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer.”]. For ease of reference, the Court will simply use OneBeacon throughout. 6 Keener Trigger Aff. Ex. l. 7 Id. Ex. l, at MLC DE 0000243, MLC DE 0000280, and MLC DE 0000334. 8 Ia'. Ex. 7, at MLC DE 0000198. 9 See Affldavit of Christina E. Buschmann in Supp. of. Pl.’s Two Renewed Mots. For Summ. J. Ex. 3 (RTP 060000), at MLC DE 0000003~MLC DE 0000005. _4_ RLA35 states that the insurance company covers all sums GM becomes liable to pay arising out of continuous and repeated exposure to conditions, if that exposure results in bodily injury during the policy period, promising: To pay on behalf of the Insured all sums which the Insured shall be obligated to pay by reason of the liability (i) imposed upon the Insured by law arising out of an event or a continuous or repeated exposure to conditions which result in Personal Injury or Property Damage as defined in the Underlying Insurance. . which occurs during the period of this Insurance, provided that in respect of this Section this Insurance is subject to the same warranties, terms and conditions (except as regards the premium, the obligation to investigate and defend, the amount and limits of liability and except as otherwise provided herein) as are contained in or as may be added to the Underlying Insurance prior to a happening for which claim is made hereunder. '" 2. Continental’s Policies Continental purportedly issued two excess policies to GM.ll These two policies covered GM from March 21, 1969, to March 21, 1970 and from March 21, 1970, to March 2l, 1971.12 The policies had $1 million limits in excess of $50 10 See id. Ex. 2,R0ya1 indemnity CO. Policy No. RLA35, ar MLCDE0000197_198_ ll See, e.g., Def. Continental Casualty Company’s Brief in Supp. of its Mot. for Summary J. and Joinder in OneBeacon Ins. Co.’s Mot. for Summary J. on the Suit Limitation Clause at 2. 12 lay million.'3 Like OneBeacon’s, Motors contends Continental’s policies follow form to RLA 35, albeit through Home Insurance Company’s Policy #HEC 97915 82.14 Continental argues Motors’s only evidence is two documents: a declarations page showing Continental provided coverage in excess of the Home Insurance policy for the 1969_70 policy year, and the Home Insurance policy itself.15 The parties’ discovery regarding missing or lost policies is now complete. But the parties have agreed that they “will not be filing summary judgment motions on the existence or completeness of the Continental policies at this time.”16 B. GM-RoYAL MICHIGAN LITIGATION On January 26, 2005, GM sued Royal, its longstanding primary, umbrella, and first-layer excess insurer, for Asbestos Claims coverage.17 That lawsuit resolved in 2008, with Royal releasing hundreds of millions dollars to settle underlying lawsuits. 13 Id 14 1a 313-4. ‘5 Id. at 2-3. 16 Letter of Carmella P. Keener to the Honorable Paul R. Wallace on behalf of Continental and Plaintiff regarding status of issues relating to the existence or completeness of Continental policies, dated May 25, 2017 (D.I. 1110). ‘7 Gen. Motors Corp. v. Royal & Sun Alliance Ins. Grp, PLC, er al., 2007 WL 1206830 (Mich. Ct. App. Apr. 24, 2007). See also Transmittal Affidavit of Carmella P. Keener in Connection with OneBeacon Ins. Co.’s Mot. for Summ. J. on the Suit Limitation Clause Ex. 6 [hereinafter “Keener Suit Limitation Aff.”]. C. GM’s BANKRUPTCY AND REoRGANIZATIoN GM went belly up in 2009. GM voluntarily filed for Chapter ll bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southem District of New York in June of that year.18 As part of its reorganization, GM sold its core assets to NGMCO, Inc., and was renamed Motors Liquidation Company (“MLC”).19 GM retained all pre-1986 excess liability insurance policies.20 On March 29, 2011, the Bankruptcy Court issued an order (the “Bankruptcy Order”) approving l\/lLC’s Second Amended Joint Chapter ll Plan (the “Chapter ll Plan”). The Bankruptcy Order and the Chapter ll Plan were to distribute MLC’s remaining assets. The Bankruptcy Order stated: “[a]ll of the parties’ rights and arguments with respect to their rights and duties under any Insurance Policies (as hereinafter defined) are expressly preserved and are not impaired, increased, or otherwise altered by this Confirmation Order, the [Chapter ll] Plan, and the . . 21 . . . . . . exhibits thereto.” “lnsurance Policies” means insurance policies issued to the 18 Transmittal Affidavit of Carmella P. Keener in Connection with OneBeacon Insurance Company’s Mot. for Summ. J. on the Alleged Transfer of Rights Under the OneBeacon Policies Ex. 4 [hereinafter “Keener Transfer Aff.”]. 19 Pl.’s Opp’n. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer at 4. 20 Aff. of Michael T. Sharkey in Support of the Trust’s Opp. to Defs.’s Mots. Ex. 12. 11 5. [hereinafter “Sharkey Aff.”]. 21 Keener Transfer Aff. Ex. 3 (Order) 11 63(a). _7_ Debtors with inception dates prior to 1986 that are included in the Asbestos Insurance Assets.”22 The Chapter ll Plan defined “Asbestos Insurance Assets” as: All rights arising under liability insurance policies issued to the Debtors with inception dates prior to 1986 with respect to liability for Asbestos Claims, including, but not limited to: (i) rights (a) under insurance policies, (b) under settlement agreements made with respect to such insurance policies, (c) against the estates of insolvent insurers that issued such policies or entered into such settlements, and (d) against state insurance guaranty associations arising out of any such insurance policies issued by insolvent insurers, and (ii) the right, on behalf of MLC and. its subsidiaries as of the Effective Date, to give a full release of the insurance rights of MLC and its subsidiaries as of the Effective Date under any such policy or settlement agreement with the exception of rights t§)3 coverage with respect to workers' compensation claims. On December 15, 2011, MLC formed the Motors Liquidation Company DIP Lenders Trust (again, “Motors”) through a Trust Agreement (the “Trust Agreement”). Motors was established to: (i) avoid abandonment of certain assets of [MLC] and facilitate the recovery of certain causes of actions that will not be able to be monetized before MLC[’s] dissolution as required by the [Chapter 11] Plan; and (ii) to hold and administer the assets and any corresponding liabilities of the Trust listed on Schedule A, Schedule B and Schedule C attached hereto (the “Ti'ust Assets”) for the benefit of the DIP Lenders under the DIP Credit Agreement and to distribute the Trust Assets to the DIP 22 Id. 11 63(g). 22 ld. Ex. 3 (Chapter ii Pian), at § 1.7. Lenders in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.24 Schedule B states that Motors has “[t]he right to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, all claims that [Motors] has or may have relating to the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto for which Perkins Coie LLP has been retained on a contingency basis.”25 Exhibit A is a seven-page long document detailing carrier names, policy start and end dates, policy numbers, and limits.26 OneBeacon is not listed anywhere on Exhibit A.27 But the Trust Agreement gave Motors authority to “[a]mend or supplement this Trust Agreement without notice to or consent of the Bankruptcy Court or any DIP Lender for the purpose of . . . curing any ambiguity, omission, inconsistency or correcting or supplementing any defective provision.”28 Motors and GM simultaneously executed an Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”).29 There, GM transferred its “right, 24 See ia’. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt., Background, jj C). 25 1a schedule B, j i. 26 See id. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt.), Exhibit A. 27 See id. 28 Ia'. § 11.13(a)(x). 29 See id. Ex. 15 (Assignment Agmt.). title and interest in and to the assets (including claims against third parties) set forth and described on Schedule A hereto[.]”30 Schedule A to the Assignment Agreement states that Motors has “the right to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, all claims that [Motors] has or may have relating to the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto for which Perkins Coie LLP has been retained on a contingency basis.”31 However, there is no Exhibit A to the Assignment Agreement. Instead, there is a one-page document entitled “Annex A.” Annex A simply says “Pre-1986 Insurance Policies[.]”32 Motors filed its initial suit on December 1, 2011. On January 31, 2012, Motors amended its complaint to include OneBeacon. On February 29, 2012, using its authority to cure any ambiguity, Motors amended Section B of the Trust Agreement to include language capturing OneBeacon.33 Specifically, the amendment stated: The right to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, all claims that [Motors] has or may have relating to all excess liability insurance policies incepting before 1986 20 Id. at § i.i(b). (emphasis in Originai). 31 Ia’. at Schedule A, 11 1. Schedule A of the Assignment Agreement and Schedule B of the Trust Agreement state the same thing. 32 Keener Transfer Aff. Ex. 15 (Assignment Agmt., Annex A). 33 Id. Ex. 16 (Feb. 29, 2012, Trust Amendment Letter from AP Services, LLC, Motors’s Trustee). _1()_ including, without limitation, the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto for which Perkins Coie LLP has been retained on a contingency basis.34 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW This Court cannot grant either party’s motion for summary judgment under Delaware Superior Court Civil Rule 56 “unless no genuine issue of material fact exists and one of the parties is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”35 Summary judgment will not be granted if there is a material fact in dispute or if “it seems desirable to inquire thoroughly into [the facts] to clarify the application of the law to the circumstances.”36 The moving party has the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact.37 If that burden is met, the non-moving party must demonstrate tha “there is a genuine issue for trial.”38 And in 34 1a 35 Del. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56; Emmons v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co., 697 A.2d 742, 745 (Del. 1997) (citing Playtex FP, Inc. v. Columbia Cas. Co., 622 A.2d 1074, 1076 (Del. Super. Ct. 1992)). 26 Ebersole v. Lowengmb, 180 A.2d 467, 468-69 (Dei. 1962). 22 Moore v. Sizemore, 405 A.2d 679, 680 (Dei. 1979). 38 Del. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(e); see also Tanzer v. Int’l Gen. Indus., Inc., 402 A.2d 382, 385 (Del. Ch. 1979) (“If the movant puts in the record facts which, if undenied, entitle him to summary judgment, the burden shifts to the defending party to dispute the facts by affidavit or proof of similar weight.”). _11_ determining whether there is, the Court must view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.39 Where cross-motions for summary judgment are filed and neither party argues the existence of a genuine issue of material fact, “the Court shall deem the motions to be the equivalent of a stipulation for decision on the merits based on the 9940 record submitted with the motions. But where cross-motions for summary judgment are filed and an issue of material fact exists, summary judgment is not appropriate.41 In its evaluation of whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, the Court should evaluate each motion independently.42 Where it seems prudent to make a more thorough inquiry into the facts, summary judgment is inappropriate43 IV. DISCUSSION A. TRANSFER oF RIGHTS OneBeacon filed a motion for summary judgment alleging that Motors Liquidation Company (again, “MLC”) did not transfer its rights under the 39 Tanzer, 402 A.2d ar 385 (citing Judah v. Del. Trust Co., 387 A.2d 624, 632 (Dei. super. ct. 1977)). 40 Del. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(h). 41 Comei Sys., ina S’holders’Agem v. er/A, lnc., 980 A.2d 1024, 1029 (Dei. Ch. 2008). 42 Fasciana v. Elec. para Sys. Corp., 829 A.2d 160, 167 (Dei. Ch. 2003). 43 Pathmark Stores, Inc. v. 382] Associates, L.P. , 663 A.2d 1189, 1191 (Del. Ch. 1995) (“[S]ummary judgment may not be granted when the record indicates a material fact is in dispute or if it seems desirable to inquire more thoroughly into the facts in order to clarify the application of law to the circumstances.”). _12_ OneBeacon insurance policies to Motors Liquidation Company DIP Lenders Trust (again, the Trust is referred to herein as “Motors”). Motors contends that it was “assigned the rights to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, whatever rights [MLC] had against OneBeacon” as of December 15, 2011.44 The Court finds that the rights under the OneBeacon policies were property assigned to Motors. The Court GRANTS Plaintiff Motors Liquidation Company DIP Lender’s Trust’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment on Transfer of Rights, and DENIES Defendant OneBeacon’s Motion for Summary Judgment on Transfer of Rights 1. The GM Bankruptcy On June 1, 2009, GM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York.45 As a part of this Chapter 11, GM sold its assets to New GM, and GM was renamed Motors Liquidation Company (again, “MLC”).46 All pre-1986 insurance policies were not included in this initial transfer to New GM and remained held by GM.47 On March 29, 2011, the bankruptcy court approved MLC’s amended Chapter 11 Plan. This amended Plan required that MLC’s rights 44 Pl.’s Opp’n. to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. on Transfer of Rights & Cross-Mot. for Summ. J. on Transfer of Rights, at 1 [hereinafter “Pl.’s Opp. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer.”]. 43 Id. at 4. 46 Id 47 Ia'. at 5; Sharkey Aff. Ex. 12 (Stip. of Settlement Re: Master Sale & Purchase Agmt. 11 5). _13_ under any pre-1986 insurance policies also be transferred to Motors.48 OneBeacon was not excluded from this transfer. 2. MLC Creates the Motors Trust and Transfers All Assets to It. On December 15, 2011, MLC formed Motors to avoid abandonment of assets held by MLC and to hold and administer the assets in a manner to benefit the DIP Lenders via the Trust Agreement.49 The Trust Agreement stated “[e]ffective upon the Transfer Date, [MLC] hereby transfers to the Trust, in furtherance of the [amended Chapter 11 Plan], the Trust Assets free and clear . . . .”50 The Trust Agreement defines Trust Assets as “the assets and any corresponding liabilities of the Trust listed on Schedule A, Schedule B, and Schedule C attached hereto.”51 Schedule B listed “[t]he right to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, all claims that [MLC] has or may have relating to the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto. . . .”52 Exhibit A did not include the OneBeacon policies. But the Trust was additionally 48 Pl.’s Opp. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer at 5. The Order confirming the amended Chapter 11 Plan defined these insurance policies as “insurance policies issued to the Debtors with inception dates prior to 1986 that are included in the Asbestos Insurance Assets.” Keener Transfer Aff. Ex. 3 (Order 11 63(g)). Asbestos insurance claims means “all rights arising under liability insurance policies issued to the Debtors with inception dates prior to 1986 with respect to liability for Asbestos Claims . . . .” Ia'. Ex. 3 (Chapter 11 Plan § 1.7). 49 Pl.’s Opp. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer at 7. 50 Keener Transfer Aff. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. § 2.3). 51 Ia'. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. § 1.1(gg) & Background 11 C). 32 Id. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. Ex. A). _14_ authorized to hold “all other property held from time to time.”53 And the Trust Administrator could “amend or supplement [the] Trust Agreement . . . for the purpose of . . . curing any ambiguity, omission, inconsistency or correcting or supplementing any defective provision. . . .”54 After MLC created Motors, it executed the separate Assignment Agreement to transfer and assign assets to Motors. In that document, MLC “absolutely and unconditionally transfer[red], assign[ed], and deliver[ed] unto [Motors] all of [MLC’s] rights, title, and interest in and to . . . the assets (including claims against third perties) set fcrth end described cu schedule A heretc.”33 schedule A lists “[t]he right to prosecute, and receive the benefit of, all claims that [MLC] has or may have relating to the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto . . . .”56 While there is no Exhibit A, there is an Annex A. Annex A lists “Pre-1986 Insurance Policies.”57 OneBeacon policies are not carved out. On February 29, 2012, the Trust Administrator effectively amended Exhibit B of the Trust Agreement to read “[t]he right to prosecute and receive the benefit 33 ld. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. § 2.3). 34 let Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. § 11.13(3)(><)). 55 Id. Ex. 15 (Assignment § 1.1(b)). That document further stated that the Trust “hereby accepts such transfer, assignment, and delivery of the Assigned Assets . . . .” Id. at § 1.2. 34 ld. Ex. 15 (schedule A, item l). 32 ld. Ex. 15 (Ahuex A). _15_ of, all claims that [MLC] has or may have relating to all excess liability insurance policies incepting before 1986 including, without limitation, the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto . . . .”58 lt is undisputed that OneBeacon is a pre-1986 insurance policy. 3. The Plain Language of the Assignment Agreement Shows MLC Successfully Transferred All Rights Under the Pre-1986 Insurance Policies to Motors, Including the OneBeacon Policies. OneBeacon contends that the omission of its name from the schedule of insurance policies means that MLC excluded them from the transfer to Motors. Not so. The Trust Agreement created Motors, but the actual transfer of assets to Motors occurred via the Assignment Agreement.59 Exhibit A to (Schedule A of`) the Trust Assignment does not exist, but there is an Annex A that lists the information purported to be in “Exhibit A.” Annex A lists “Pre-1986 Insurance Policies” as assets to be transferred to Motors. “[T]he plain language of an assignment determines its breadth and scope.”60 Here, the plain language of Annex 58 Id. Ex. 16 (Feb. 29, 2012, Trust Amendment Letter from AP Services, LLC, Motors’s Trustee). 59 Bank ofAm. Nat’l Trust & Sav. Ass’n v. Private Trust Corp., 1998 WL 230991, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. May 6, 1998) (“And because it is the Assignment Agreement through which the parties effected the sale of the Obligation, and not the Trust Agreement, the former agreement must relate to this action, whether or not the latter does as well.”). Section 2.2 of the Assignment Agreement states “[T]his Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.” See Keener 'l`rillisl"er Aff. Ex. 15 (Assignment Agmt. § 2.2). 60 Nu,;';tu- cirp., LLC v. W. 56111 Hctel LLC, 106 A.D.3d 640, 641 (N.Y. 2013) (ihtet~uel citations omitted). _16_ A transferred all “Pre-1986 Insurance Policies.” OneBeacon policies were in effect from November 1, 1969, to March 21, 1972_they are, therefore, pre-1986 policies. “[A] written agreement that is complete, clear and unambiguous on its face 9961 must be enforced according to the plain meaning of its terms. “A contract is unambiguous if the language it uses has ‘a definite and precise meaning, unattended by danger of misconception in the purport of the [agreement] itself, and concerning which there is no reasonable basis for a difference of opinion.”’62 The clear, unambiguous language of the Assignment Agreement transfers all “Pre-1986 Insurance Policies” from MLC to Motors. No doubt, OneBeacon’s is a pre-1986 insurance policy. Accordingly, Motors assumed all rights to prosecute and receive the benefits of the OneBeacon insurance policies. 4. Omission of OneBeacon from the Initial Trust Agreement Does Not Preclude Transfer to Motors. Neither Motors nor OneBeacon dispute that OneBeacon was not listed in Exhibit A (aka Annex A) of (Schedule A) of the initial Trust Agreement.63 But, the Trust Administrator amended the Trust Agreement, as he was empowered to do, by including “all excess liability insurance policies incepting before 1986 44 Grceujield v. Phillics Reccrds, luc., 780 N.E.2d 565, 569 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2002) (citeticus omitted). 62 Ia’. at 569-70 (intemal citations omitted). 63 Pl.’s Opp. & Cross-Mot. on Transfer at 17. _17_ including, without limitation, the pre-1986 insurance policies that are identified on Exhibit A hereto . . . .”64 OneBeacon was not initially on Exhibit A as MLC was precluded from suing OneBeacon pursuant to a Standstill Agreement. Exhibit A of the original complaint in this action became the basis for Exhibit A of the Trust Agreement. When that Standstill Agreement expired on January 17, 2012, Motors added OneBeacon to the Complaint. Upon realizing the unintentional omission, the Trust Administrator amended the Trust Agreement so as to include the OneBeacon policies. OneBeacon claims that the Motors’s initial omission of OneBeacon serves as an intentional waiver of its rights. It was not. Intent to abandon rights must be clear.65 There is no evidence that MLC expressly chose to abandon its rights under the OneBeacon policies while it clearly sought to exercise its rights under all others. Further, the rights under the OneBeacon policies had already been transferred to Motors via the valid Assignment Agreement. The amendment by the Trust Administrator only served to “[cure] any ambiguity, omission, [or] . . 66 . inconsistency” in the Trust Agreement. 64 See Keener Transfer Aff. Ex. 16 (Feb. 29, 2012, Trust Amendment Letter from AP Services, LLC, Motors’s Trustee); see also ia'. Ex. 13 (Trust Agmt. § 11.13(a)(x)). 63 See lit re Sti Pldu, 100 B.R. 690, 693 (Beul