[Cite as In re I.C., 2017-Ohio-5851.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
FAYETTE COUNTY
IN THE MATTER OF: :
I.C. : CASE NO. CA2016-11-019
: OPINION
7/17/2017
:
:
APPEAL FROM FAYETTE COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
JUVENILE DIVISION
Case No. 12 AD 0596
Kornman Law Office, LLC, Sharon A. Kornman, 731 S. South Street, P.O. Box 1041,
Wilmington, Ohio 45177, for appellee, P.L.E.
Mark J. Pitstick, 224 North Fayette Street, Washington C.H., Ohio 43160, for appellant, C.D.
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, C.D. ("Mother"), appeals the decision of the Fayette
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, denying her motion to modify visitation
and her motion to reinstitute supervised visitation with her son, I.C. For the reasons set forth
below, we affirm the decision of the juvenile court.
{¶ 2} I.C. was born on December 5, 2003, to Mother and S.C. ("Father"). Father was
killed in 2003 while serving in the United States Armed Forces. In August 2012, P.L.E., the
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child's paternal grandmother ("Paternal Grandmother"), filed a complaint for custody of I.C.,
alleging that Mother was unfit to be the custodial parent due to Mother's continued drug use
and exposure of the child to drug activity in the home. The parties reached an agreement,
and on December 19, 2012, the juvenile court issued an Agreed Entry wherein Paternal
Grandmother was designated I.C.'s sole legal custodian. Mother was given supervised
parenting time with I.C. at the Fayette County Visitation and Exchange Center ("Visitation
Center") for one hour every week or for two hours every other week, depending on
availability. The December 19, 2012 Agreed Entry provided that Mother "shall comply with all
requirements of the [Visitation] Center" and that if "Mother ha[s] parenting time terminated for
failure to comply with the Center's rules and requirements, she must petition the Court to
restart parenting time."
{¶ 3} The parties abided by the terms of the Agreed Entry for a period of time, with
Mother exercising her visitation rights with I.C. at the Visitation Center. On December 23,
2015, Mother filed a motion to modify visitation, seeking to have visitation moved from the
Visitation Center to the child's maternal grandmother's home in Washington Courthouse,
Ohio. Mother also sought to modify the visitation schedule to that of "Option One" of the
Fayette County Companionship Guidelines for NonResidential Parents so that she could
have parenting time on holidays and alternating weekends.
{¶ 4} In March 2016, while Mother's motion to modify visitation was pending, the
Visitation Center stopped Mother's visitation with I.C. due to rule violations. Mother had given
I.C. the phone number of an extended relative and asked I.C. to contact the relative in
contravention of the Center's rules. On March 18, 2016, in response to the termination of
visitation, Mother filed a motion asking that visitation be reinstated pursuant to the terms in
the Agreed Entry.
{¶ 5} On March 22, 2016, the trial court sua sponte appointed a guardian ad litem to
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the case. Thereafter, numerous pretrial conferences were held on Mother's pending motions
to modify visitation and to reinstate supervised visitation. On June 2, 2016, the juvenile court
issued a contingent order stating that if Mother provided a report from the Fayette Recovery
Center regarding her sobriety, "the Fayette Recovery report does not contradict resumed
visitation, and * * * [M]other has started her regimen of injections to maintain sobriety and has
not tested positive for any prohibited substance, alternating weeks visitation with the child at
the visitation center may resume after June 14, 2016 with the [M]other and child and a
supervisor only." Mother did not provide this report and her visitation did not resume.
{¶ 6} On July 12, 2016, the guardian ad litem filed a report recommending that
Mother not be given visitation with I.C. at this time. Thereafter, on August 30, 2016, Mother's
motion to modify visitation and her motion to reinstate supervised visitation came before the
court for a hearing. Mother was the only witness who testified at the hearing.
{¶ 7} Mother explained that she regularly used heroin from 2010 to March 2016, with
her longest period of sobriety being about a month. She testified that in addition to I.C., she
has four other children. These children are in the custody of her mother as she and the
children's father were unable to care for them. According to Mother, she is no longer in a
relationship with the children's father, who she acknowledged also abused drugs.
{¶ 8} From April 2015 to February 2016, Mother testified she either lived on the
streets or was staying "place to place." During this time Mother was not employed. In order
to obtain money for heroin Mother would steal. She testified that she has been arrested and
convicted of petty theft.
{¶ 9} Mother claimed the last time she used heroin was in March 2016, when her
visits with I.C. terminated. She stated that since then she has stopped using because she
wants to get her life back together. She lives with her sister in Bloomingburg, Fayette
County, Ohio. In June 2016, Mother began receiving Vivitrol injections for her dependency
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and she started counseling at the Fayette Recovery Center. According to Mother she had
attended 17 sessions consisting of group meetings and one-on-one meetings. She also
received at least two random drug screenings, including one in July 2016, and both
screenings tested negative for drugs of abuse.
{¶ 10} Mother admitted that she was not truthful when speaking to the guardian ad
litem about her sobriety. Although Mother told the guardian ad litem she had been sober
since February 2016, she had relapsed in March 2016. She also admitted that if her use of
heroin in March 2016 had not required her to be hospitalized, no one would have known she
was using again.
{¶ 11} Mother testified she and I.C. have a "good relationship" and that he was excited
to see her when she visited him at the Visitation Center. She testified that they would play
games together and talk about his friends, his siblings, and his schooling. Mother admitted
that she would visit with I.C. at the Visitation Center after using heroin, and that she did not
give consideration to the effect her drug use had on I.C. when she visited him while under the
influence. Mother knew she was being selfish, but stated she did not want to miss out on her
visits or cause I.C. to think that she did not want to be with him. Mother acknowledged that
I.C. knows she is a drug user. She explained that her drug use around I.C. was what caused
her to lose custody of I.C. in 2012.
{¶ 12} Mother stated that her visitations with I.C. at the Visitation Center were
terminated in March 2016, because of rule violations. Mother admitted that she gave I.C. the
phone number for a sick uncle who was hospitalized in Texas. Mother explained that the
uncle was dying and wished to speak to I.C. Mother stated she thought she was only
breaking Paternal Grandmother's rules when she gave I.C. the phone number and did not
realize her actions violated the Visitation Center's rule against exchanging items with the
child without receiving prior approval from the Center. Mother also admitted that the
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Visitation Center's rules were violated when maternal grandmother recorded I.C. on her cell
phone during one of Mother's visits with the child.
{¶ 13} The juvenile court continued the matter until October 27, 2016, at which time
the court, in the presence of the guardian ad litem, conducted an in camera interview of I.C.
Later that day, the court issued a Judgment Entry denying Mother's motion to modify
visitation and her motion to reinstate supervised visitation with I.C. The court found, "[b]ased
upon the testimony, the interview with the child, the reports submitted by the [g]uardian ad
litem and the court's review of the file, * * * it is not in the best interest of the child to re-
establish contact between himself and [Mother] at this time."
{¶ 14} Mother appealed the juvenile court's decision, raising two assignments of error.
As the assignments of error are related, we will address them together.
{¶ 15} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 16} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY TERMINATING ALL OF APPELLANT'S
CONTACT WITH HER SON.
{¶ 17} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 18} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN THAT ITS DECISION IS
UNCONSCIONABLE AND VIOLATES THE PUBLIC'S SENSE OF RIGHT AND WRONG.
{¶ 19} In her first and second assignments of error Mother argues the juvenile court
abused its discretion in "terminating all of her parental rights" with I.C. She contends the
court erred by "considering sobriety as the major reason for not reinstating supervised
visitation" and further argues that it is in I.C.'s best interest to have contact re-established,
especially as there was "no evidence presented that supervised visitation with a heroin
addicted mother had any direct adverse impact on [the child]."
{¶ 20} A juvenile court has broad discretion in deciding matters regarding the visitation
rights of a nonresidential parent. Otten v. Tuttle, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2008-05-053,
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2009-Ohio-3158, ¶ 13. A juvenile court's decision is subject to reversal only where there is
abuse of discretion. Id.; Shafor v. Shafor, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2008-01-015, 2009-Ohio-
191, ¶ 7. An abuse of discretion constitutes more than an error of law or judgment; it
requires a finding that the trial court acted arbitrarily, unreasonably, or unconscionably.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).
{¶ 21} "While a change in circumstances is required where there is a change in
custody arrangements, any changes to visitation, or parenting time, are not subject to the
same requirement." Shafor at ¶ 8, citing Braatz v. Braatz, 85 Ohio St.3d 40, 44-45 (1999).
R.C. 3109.051 governs matters of parenting time and visitation, and a court must consider
the enumerated factors in R.C. 3109.051(D), as well as any other factor in the child's best
interest, when ordering a modification of parenting time or visitation. Id., citing Braatz at 45.1
"While it is always preferable for the trial court to mention R.C. 3109.051 and its factors, the
court need not specifically refer to the statute." Id., citing Kager v. Kager, 5th Dist. Stark No.
2005CA00208, 2006-Ohio-2427, ¶ 10. It is sufficient that the record and the court's findings
indicate that the statute was considered by the court in rendering its decision. Id.
{¶ 22} To further a child's best interest, the juvenile court has the discretion to limit or
restrict visitation rights. Id. at ¶ 9, citing Anderson v. Anderson, 147 Ohio App.3d 513, 2002-
1. The factors that a court should consider pursuant to R.C. 3109.051(D) include the following: (1) the child's
interaction and interrelationships with the child's parents, siblings, and other relatives; (2) the geographical
locations of the parents and guardians; (3) the child and parents' available time, including the parents'
employment schedule and the child's school schedule; (4) the age of the child; (5) the child's adjustment to
home, school, and community; (6) the wishes and concerns of the child; (7) the health and safety of the child; (8)
the amount of time that will be available for the child to spend with siblings; (9) the mental and physical health of
the parties; (10) the parents' and guardians' willingness to facilitate parenting time and reschedule missed
visitation; (11) whether a parent has been convicted of abuse or neglect or there is reason to believe that the
parent has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused or neglected child; (12) whether a nonparent
requesting visitation has been convicted of an offense involving the neglect or abuse of a child or there is reason
to believe the nonparent has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused or neglected child; (13)
whether the residential parent has denied the other parent's right to parenting time; (14) whether a parent is
establishing a residence outside the state; (15) in relation to requested companionship or visitation by a
nonparent, the wishes and concerns of the child's parents, as expressed by them to the court; and (16) any other
factor in the best interest of the child.
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Ohio-1156 (7th Dist.) at ¶ 18. "'This includes the power to restrict the time and place of
visitation, to determine the conditions under which visitation will take place and to deny
visitation rights altogether if visitation would not be in the best interests of the child.'"
Anderson at ¶ 18, quoting Jannetti v. Nichol, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 97-CA-239, 2000 Ohio
App. LEXIS 2116, * 8 (May 12, 2000).
{¶ 23} Having thoroughly reviewed the record in the present case, we find no error in
the juvenile court's decision to deny Mother's motion to modify visitation and her motion to
reinstate supervised visitation. The juvenile court took into account several relevant factors
in determining that it was in I.C.'s best interest not to have visitation with Mother. The court
considered evidence demonstrating that Mother had abused heroin since 2010, that she did
not have custody of I.C.'s four siblings as a result of her addiction, that she lived on the
streets "on and off" up until February 2016, that she stole to support her addiction, and that
she used heroin and was under the influence when visiting I.C. at the Visitation Center.
Although Mother disputes that her heroin use had "any direct adverse impact" on I.C., the
guardian ad litem's report indicates otherwise. I.C. recalled and described the drug raid that
caused him to be placed in Paternal Grandmother's custody, stated he knew Mother had
bought and sold drugs, and he expressed fear over his Mother's choices.
{¶ 24} I.C., who was 12 years old at the time Mother's motions were heard, also made
his wishes known with respect to visitation with Mother.2 I.C. was interviewed by the court in
camera and he spoke with the guardian ad litem. I.C. expressed that he does not want to
visit with Mother. Although Mother believes she and I.C. have a "good relationship," the
guardian ad litem reported that I.C. has a "disturbed history" with his maternal family,
2. Mother suggests that I.C. was "coached" into stating he does not wish to have visitation with her. There is
nothing in the record to support this contention. Moreover, the record reveals that I.C. was 12 years old at the
time he was interviewed by the guardian ad litem and the juvenile court. I.C. was certainly of an age to articulate
his concerns and desires with respect to visitation with Mother.
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including Mother, and does not appear to be bonded with his siblings. Since Mother filed her
motions to modify visitation and to reinstate supervised visitation, I.C.'s behavior and
progress in school have regressed.
{¶ 25} Additionally, Mother's motion to modify visitation and her motion to reinstate
supervised visitation were filed in December 2015 and March 2016, respectively. At the time
Mother filed her motions, she was still using heroin and had not begun treatment to address
her dependency issues. Mother began taking the Vivitrol shot and attending counseling in
June 2016, only a few months before her motions were heard by the court. While Mother's
recent sobriety and her actions in undergoing treatment and counseling are commendable,
we cannot say that the juvenile court abused its discretion in determining it was not in I.C.'s
best interests to reestablish visitation with Mother "at this time." The juvenile court's decision
is supported by the record and is not arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable.
{¶ 26} In upholding the denial of Mother's motions, we reject Mother's contention that
the juvenile court "decided to terminate all of her parental rights" with I.C. Paternal
Grandmother has legal custody of I.C. Unlike permanent custody, the grant of legal custody
does not terminate the parent-child relationship. In re C.L.H., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2016-
11-217, 2017-Ohio-2925, ¶ 20. "Legal custody vests in the custodian the physical care and
control of the child while residual parental rights and responsibilities remain intact." Id., citing
In re M.M., 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2010-12-034, 2011-Ohio-3913, ¶ 7. Mother remains
able to petition the court for visitation with I.C. or for change of custody at a later date.
{¶ 27} Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, we find no merit to Mother's
arguments and hereby overrule her first and second assignments of error.
{¶ 28} Judgment affirmed.
S. POWELL and RINGLAND, JJ., concur.
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