[Cite as State v. Allen, 2017-Ohio-6878.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ROSS COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : Case No. 16CA3538
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
v. : DECISION AND
JUDGMENT ENTRY
MATTHEW S. ALLEN, :
RELEASED: 7/12/2017
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEARANCES:
Timothy Young, Ohio Public Defender, and Terrence K. Scott, Ohio Assistant Public
Defender, Columbus, Ohio, for appellant.
Matthew S. Schmidt, Ross County Prosecuting Attorney, and Pamela Wells, Ross
County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Chillicothe, Ohio, for appellee.
Harsha, J.
{¶1} A jury convicted Matthew S. Allen of felonious assault, aggravated
robbery, theft and tampering with evidence in connection with his assault on an off-duty
officer at a private quarry.
{¶2} Initially Allen asserts that the trial court erred in admitting recent posts
from his Facebook page that stated he and his friends were trespassing in an area that
was not accessible to the public, and separate posts a few hours before the crimes
stating they were at a quarry, and that he would assault any police officer trying to stop
them from swimming there.
{¶3} Allen primarily claims that the trial court erred in admitting these Facebook
posts into evidence because they constitute impermissible other-acts evidence. We
reject his claim because: (1) he forfeited all but plain error by failing to raise this specific
objection below; (2) he does not argue plain error on appeal; and (3) he has not
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 2
established error, much less plain error. The latter posts were admissible to establish
that he knew that the victim was a police officer and to rebut his claim that he would
have acted differently had he known that fact. Moreover, the outcome of the trial would
not have clearly been otherwise without the evidence.
{¶4} Allen also claims that the trial court erred in admitting these Facebook
posts because their probative value is substantially outweighed by their prejudicial
effect. The trial court did not abuse its broad discretion in concluding otherwise,
particularly where Allen did not claim a prejudicial effect below. Instead, he argued that
the danger of unfair prejudice arose because the posts were “nothing more than
unauthenticated, irrelevant hearsay statements which serve no probative value.” But he
does not claim that the posts are unauthenticated, irrelevant, or hearsay now. We
overrule Allen’s first assignment of error.
{¶5} Next Allen contends that his conviction for felonious assault was against
the manifest weight of the evidence because the state offered no substantive evidence
to rebut his showing of self-defense. We reject his contention because it is based on an
erroneous premise; when a defendant claims an affirmative defense like self-defense,
the state need not produce rebuttal evidence to defeat it. Because the burden of proof
lies with the defendant, the state need not introduce anything when the defendant fails
to carry that burden.
{¶6} After considering the evidence we conclude that the jury did not clearly
lose its way or create a manifest miscarriage of justice by rejecting Allen’s claim of self-
defense. Based upon the evidence, the jury could reasonably conclude that Allen was
at fault for creating the violent situation by not complying with the law enforcement
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 3
officer’s commands and instead punching him in the face; and likewise the jury was free
to believe that Allen did not have a bona fide belief that he was in imminent danger of
death or bodily harm so that his only means of escape was the use of force. The jury
did not credit his claim of self-defense, as was their prerogative. We overrule his
second assignment of error and affirm his convictions.
I. FACTS
{¶7} The Ross County Grand Jury returned an indictment charging Matthew S.
Allen with two counts of felonious assault, one count of aggravated robbery, and one
count of tampering with evidence. Allen entered a plea of not guilty to the charges, and
the trial court appointed counsel for him.
A. Motion in Limine
{¶8} Prior to trial Allen filed a motion in limine to prevent the state from
introducing or referencing Facebook postings he allegedly made concerning his intent to
swim at a private quarry and his intent to assault any officer who tried to stop people
from swimming there. Allen claimed that these postings were inadmissible because
they were: (1) not relevant to the case as none of the charges required premeditation
as an element of the offense; (2) not authentic because several individuals had access
to his Facebook account; (3) hearsay evidence that failed to fit within an exception; and
(4) “nothing more than unauthenticated, irrelevant hearsay statements which serve no
probative value” so that their danger of unfair prejudice substantially outweighed any
probative value.
{¶9} At the hearing on Allen’s motion the state presented the unrebutted
testimony of Ross County Sheriff’s Detective Tony Wheaton. The trial court issued a
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 4
decision overruling the majority of his motion, but reserving a decision on the Evid.R.
403 unfair prejudice issue. The court determined that Allen’s Facebook postings were
relevant to his identity and presence at the scene at the time of the offenses, as well as
to his intent to assault a law enforcement officer and to take his badge.
B. Jury Trial
{¶10} The case proceeded to a jury trial where the following evidence was
admitted. On the date of the crimes Ronnie Johnson was a duly commissioned Ross
County Deputy Sheriff and auxiliary Greenfield Police Officer. Rucker’s Stone Quarry is
a private quarry in Ross County owned by the Village of Greenfield, which uses the
property as a training center. It is not open to the public, but members of the police
department and their spouses and significant others are allowed to use it for
recreational purposes like camping and fishing.
{¶11} Deputy Sheriff Johnson testified that at approximately 8:00 p.m. on May 7,
2015, he went to the quarry with his girlfriend, Cynthia Speakman, to fish. He wore
casual clothes: a gray Army t-shirt, a pair of camouflage cargo shorts, a hat, and tennis
shoes. He also had a Colt Agent .38 handgun, his personal firearm, as his off-duty
weapon. He had the gun in a holster on his right hip underneath his t-shirt, and he had
handcuffs in his left rear pocket. He had his sheriff’s deputy badge on his belt next to
his firearm and left his police badge in his truck when they parked in the quarry. At the
time he and Speakman arrived at the quarry, it was still light outside. Johnson had
authority as an off-duty officer to make arrests in Ross County and Greenfield.
{¶12} When Johnson and Speakman walked down to the water, they noticed
Allen, his girlfriend, Kayla Lord, and his brother, Todd, on the other side of the water
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 5
along the east rock wall. Speakman telephoned her son, a Greenfield Police Officer, to
let him know that there were people trespassing at the quarry. Johnson testified that
when he got about 50 feet away from them, he got their attention, held his badge up,
identified himself as a Ross County Deputy Sheriff, and told them that they were
trespassing on Greenfield Police Department property and that they would have to
leave. Johnson also noticed a fire and asked them if they started it; after they said they
had not, he asked them for help to put it out. Johnson went back to his truck to get a
bucket to help put out the fire and retrieved his police badge, which he put on his belt
next to his sheriff’s deputy badge. Allen, his brother, and his girlfriend came over to
help put out the fire.
{¶13} Johnson testified that he asked the three trespassers to identify
themselves so that he could put them on a list of people who had been warned about
trespassing at the quarry so that they would be charged if they returned. Johnson again
displayed his badge and identified himself as a Ross County Deputy Sheriff. Lord
complied, but Allen became agitated and told Johnson that he didn’t “give a fuck.”
Johnson then told Allen he was under arrest, and he reached for his handcuffs to put on
Allen.
{¶14} According to Johnson, Allen then retreated, became more belligerent,
stated that he was not going to jail, and put his hands up in a fighting stance. Johnson
told Allen that he did not want to have to fight him and reiterated that he was a law
enforcement officer and that if Allen fought him, it would be a felony. Allen repeated
that he didn’t give a fuck, and he punched Allen on the left side of his mouth. Johnson
yelled at Allen to get on the ground, but Allen charged him and as they were struggling,
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 6
Todd hit Johnson in his head and grabbed his arms. One of the two brothers yelled for
the other to get Johnson’s gun. Allen took Johnson’s gun out of his holster and struck
him in his right eye and head, rendering him unconscious. When Johnson came to
shortly thereafter, he noticed his gun and handcuffs were gone and he saw the three
trespassers running away. Speakman called 911.
{¶15} Johnson testified that when the police arrived, he was taken to a nearby
park where officers had detained several people, and he identified Todd as one of the
trespassers who attacked him. An emergency squad took Johnson to a local hospital
for treatment. As a result of his injuries sustained in the attack, Deputy Sheriff Johnson
was off work for about a month.
{¶16} Other witnesses corroborated much of Johnson’s testimony. Speakman
testified that when she and Johnson arrived at the quarry, Johnson indicated to Allen
and the two other individuals that he was a law enforcement officer, held up his badges,
and told them that they were trespassing on private property. She further confirmed
that when the three got closer to them, Johnson again identified himself to the three as
a law enforcement officer, that he asked for their names to be put on a list, and that
Allen refused to comply and told Johnson that he wasn’t going to arrest him. After
Speakman saw Allen get into a fighting stance and begin struggling with Johnson, she
ran back to the truck to retrieve her cell phone and heard someone yell to get Johnson’s
gun. When she returned, Johnson was unconscious and the three trespassers were
running away.
{¶17} Lord, who was dating Allen at the time after meeting through Facebook,
testified that for three days in early May 2015, she stayed at Allen’s house in Hillsboro
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 7
with Allen and his brother. Lord further testified that on May 6, 2015, she, Allen, and
Todd went on a trip to an abandoned park named Seven Caves, and Allen posted
several pictures of the park on his Facebook account, including his comment stating
that it was not accessible. The next day, Allen took a picture of Lord washing his truck
and posted it on Facebook. Allen renewed his objection to this social media evidence
“on the same basis as was set forth in the memorandum” he filed in support of his
motion in limine, but the trial court overruled his objection.
{¶18} Lord confirmed that on May 7, 2015, she, Allen, and Todd were diving and
swimming at the private quarry when Deputy Sheriff Johnson and Speakman arrived.
She indicated Johnson identified himself as a law enforcement officer, but Allen became
aggressive towards Johnson, and during a struggle that ensued, she saw the officer
knocked out on the ground with Allen standing over him. She ran with Allen to a nearby
town, Allen told her he had stolen Johnson’s gun, and he hid it. They then hid under a
trailer until police spotted and arrested them. According to Highland County Deputy
Sheriff Mike Gaines, he located Johnson’s handcuffs a few feet away from Allen and
Lord and Allen ultimately told him where he had hidden Johnson’s gun.
{¶19} Ross County Deputy Sheriff Tony Wheaton testified that he was familiar
with Facebook, he maintained a Facebook account, and that he often used Facebook
as a law enforcement investigative tool because criminals have a tendency to post
about their criminal activities. During direct examination Wheaton testified over Allen’s
continuing objection about public postings on Allen’s Facebook account, which Wheaton
obtained during his criminal investigation. One of the exhibits had been previously
referenced in Lord’s testimony and provided:
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 8
May 6 at 4:56 pm
Seven caves, yep its “not accessible” to public and closed off… but let’s
be honest, that just makes it more fun Todd Allen Kayla Lord and yep
Todd went swimming in the random cave pool
(Sic.)
{¶20} Deputy Sheriff Wheaton also testified about other photographs he took of
Allen’s Facebook postings from earlier on May 7, 2015, the date of the crimes. They
included pictures Allen posted of the quarry, including the following post about Allen and
his brother, Todd, jumping off the rock cliff at the quarry, and comments in which Allen
threatened to assault and take away the badge of any police officer telling them they
couldn’t swim there:
May 7 at 3:34 pm
Hitting up greenfield rock cliff jumps! !! – with Todd Allen
Matt Akers FR [posted May 7 at 4:37 p.m.]
Matthew Allen Yep [posted May 7 at 4:59 p.m.]
Matthew Allen I’ll smack him [posted May 7 at 5:03 p.m.]
Matthew Allen I smack him and take his badge then you owe dinner sis. [posted
May 7 at 5:08 p.m.]
Matthew Allen Breaking news, greenfield state police officer gets assaulted and
de-badge for trying to stop people from swimming [posted May 7 at 5:15 p.m.]
Matt Akers I wanna go [posted May 7 at 5:20 p.m.]
(Sic.)
{¶21} At the conclusion of the state’s case the court overruled Allen’s objections,
which he made on “same basis * * * as in my Motion in Limine, stated to this Court and
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 9
asserted throughout the trial”. The trial court relied on the same rationale used in its
decision overruling the motion in limine.
{¶22} In his defense Allen testified and admitted that he trespassed with Lord
and his brother at the quarry on the date of the crimes and that he had been trespassing
at the quarry for seven years without ever seeing a no-trespassing sign or being warned
by a police officer. Allen also conceded that he had posted the comment on Facebook
about assaulting a Greenfield police officer and taking his badge, but said he was being
funny and that he never intended to be violent. He further admitted that when Johnson
arrived and confronted them at the quarry, Johnson identified himself as a police officer,
but he did not show a badge.
{¶23} According to Allen when Johnson told him he was under arrest, he backed
up and tried to leave because he did not know that Johnson was an actual officer. Allen
testified that when Johnson pulled his gun on him, Allen blocked it and punched
Johnson in his right eye. Allen claimed that he was scared for his life and had been
backed up by an aggressive stranger who he did not believe was a police officer. Allen
denied hitting Johnson with his gun and testified that if he had known that Johnson was
a police officer, he would have obeyed his authority and reacted differently. None of the
other witnesses testified that Johnson pulled a gun on Allen.
{¶24} The jury returned verdicts finding Allen guilty of one count of felonious
assault, one count of robbery, and one count of tampering with evidence and not guilty
of the remaining count of felonious assault. The jury further found that Johnson was a
peace officer at the time of the felonious assault, but that Allen did not have a firearm on
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 10
or about his person or under his control while committing the offense. The trial court
sentenced Allen to an aggregate five-year prison term.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶25} Allen assigns the following errors for our review:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ADMITTED PREJUDICIAL
EVIDENCE AND DENIED MATTHEW ALLEN’S RIGHT TO DUE
PROCESS AND A FAIR TRIAL. OHIO EVIDENCE RULES 403(A),
404(A) AND (B); R.C. 2945.59; FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION; AND
ARTICLE I, SECTION 16 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.
II. MATTHEW ALLEN WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS
AND A FAIR TRIAL WHEN THE JURY FOUND HIM GUILTY OF
FELONIOUS ASSAULT AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE. FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS, UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION; ARTICLE I, SECTION 16, OHIO
CONSTITUTION.
III. LAW AND ANALYSIS
A. Other-Acts Evidence
{¶26} In his first assignment of error Allen asserts that the trial court erred when
it admitted prejudicial evidence. Allen primarily claims that the trial court erred in
admitting his Facebook posts into evidence because they constitute impermissible
other-acts evidence.
{¶27} We reject Allen’s claim for several reasons. First, although he objected to
the admission of these Facebook posts at trial and proffered several reasons for doing
so, he never raised the specific objection below that he raises now, i.e. that they
constituted impermissible other-acts evidence. Allen thus forfeited all but plain error for
this newly raised contention on appeal. See State v. Lawson, 4th Dist. Highland No.
14CA5, 2015-Ohio-189, ¶ 14, quoting State v. Knott, 4th Dist. Athens No. 03CA30,
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 11
2004-Ohio-5745, ¶ 9, and citing Evid.R. 103(A)(1) (“ ‘Because counsel’s objection did
not apprise the [trial] court of this specific argument, we believe a plain error analysis of
the issue is appropriate’ ”); see also Painter and Pollis, Ohio Appellate Practice, § 1:36
(2016) (“An objection to the admission of evidence on one ground * * * does not, for
purposes of appeal, preserve objections to the evidence on other grounds”).
{¶28} Second, because Allen does not assert plain error on appeal, we need not
consider it. See State v. Quarterman, 140 Ohio St.3d 464, 2014-Ohio-4034, 19 N.E.3d
900, ¶ 17-20 (appellate court need not consider plain error where appellant fails to
timely raise plain-error claim); State v. Gannon, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 15CA16, 2016-
Ohio-1007, ¶ 31 (we need not consider plain error when the appellant does not raise it).
{¶29} Third, even if we were to consider plain error, Allen has not established it.
To prevail on a claim of plain error Allen must show that an error occurred, that the error
was plain, and that but for the error, the outcome of the trial clearly would have been
otherwise. State v. Mammone, 139 Ohio St.3d 467, 2014-Ohio-1942, 13 N.E.3d 1051,
¶ 69.
{¶30} In general, “[e]vidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to
prove the character of a person to show action in conformity therewith.” Evid.R. 404(B).
“It may, however, be admissible * * * [to prove] motive, opportunity, intent, preparation,
plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.” Id.
{¶31} One of the charges that Allen faced was aggravated robbery in violation of
R.C. 2911.01(B), which prohibits persons, without privilege to do so, from knowingly
removing or attempting to remove a deadly weapon from the person of a law
enforcement officer when both of the following apply: “(1) The law enforcement officer,
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 12
at the time of the removal * * * is acting within the course and scope of the officer’s
duties; (2) The offender knows or has reasonable cause to know that the law
enforcement officer is a law enforcement officer.”
{¶32} Allen argued there was insufficient evidence that he knew or had
reasonable cause to know that Johnson was a law enforcement officer. He also
testified that if he had known that Johnson was an officer, he would have complied with
his orders instead of assaulting and robbing him. The Facebook posts on Allen’s
personal account from May 7, 2015 were consequently admissible to prove that he
knew that Johnson was a law enforcement officer and to rebut his claim that if he had
known he was an officer, he would have complied with Johnson’s orders, i.e., that he
was mistaken about Johnson’s status as an officer. Only a few hours before he
assaulted and robbed Johnson he threatened on his Facebook page to do just that—to
assault any officer that tried to stop him from swimming in the private quarry and to rob
the officer (by taking away the officer’s badge).
{¶33} In addition both the May 7, 2015 and the previous day’s Facebook posts
were admissible to prove the identity of the perpetrator—that Allen committed the
crimes. Notwithstanding Allen’s claim on appeal that identity was not at issue because
he conceded he hit Johnson and took his gun, “need is irrelevant in determining the
validity of an Evid.R. 404(B) objection.” See State v. Brown, 100 Ohio St.3d 51, 2003-
Ohio-5059, 796 N.E.2d 506, ¶ 24 (rejecting appellant’s claim that other-acts evidence
was inadmissible because it was unnecessary to prove identity).
{¶34} Finally, even assuming the trial court erred in admitting Allen’s Facebook
posts, Allen has not proven that the outcome of his trial clearly would have been
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 13
otherwise without them. The evidence introduced at trial included Johnson’s testimony,
which was corroborated for most material facts by Speakman’s, Lord’s, and Deputy
Sheriff Wheaton’s testimony, that: (1) Johnson identified himself as a law enforcement
officer to Allen; (2) Allen assaulted him by punching him in his face; (3) Allen stole his
gun and handcuffs; and (4) Allen hid the gun so that the officers could not find it.
{¶35} Next Allen claims that the trial court erred in allowing the Facebook
evidence because its probative value was substantially outweighed by its prejudicial
effect. See Evid.R. 403(A) (“Although relevant, evidence is not admissible if its
probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, of
confusion of the issues, or of misleading the jury”); 1 Giannelli, Baldwin’s Oh. Prac. Ev.,
§ 404.14 (3d Ed.2016) (“Even if the other-acts evidence is offered to prove a material
element, the decision to admit this evidence is subject to Rule 403).
{¶36} The trial court did not abuse its broad discretion in concluding otherwise.
This evidence’s probative value—detailing what Allen intended to do to a police officer
who confronted him about swimming in the private quarry—was high given its posting a
few hours before the incident, and the accuracy with which it described his future
conduct. Its prejudicial effect did not substantially outweigh this probative value. See
State v. Norman, 4th Dist. Ross Nos. 08CA3059 and 08CA3066, 2009-Ohio-5458, ¶ 54,
quoting State v. Crotts, 104 Ohio St.3d 432, 2004-Ohio-6550, 820 N.E.2d 302, ¶ 23
(“the rules of evidence do not attempt to bar all prejudicial evidence-to do so would
make reaching any result extremely difficult. Rather, only evidence that is unfairly
prejudicial is excludable” [emphasis sic.]).
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 14
{¶37} In fact, when Allen raised this claim below, he did not assert—as he does
now—any unfair prejudice based on his claim of improper other-act evidence. Instead,
his argument of unfair prejudice below was based on his claim that the Facebook posts
were “unauthenticated, irrelevant hearsay statements which serve no probative value.”
He has abandoned these claims on appeal. In fact, at trial Allen eventually testified that
he did make the contested posts.
{¶38} Allen has therefore failed to establish any error on the part of the trial court
in admitting his Facebook posts. We overrule his first assignment of error.
B. Manifest Weight of the Evidence: Felonious Assault
{¶39} In his second assignment of error Allen contends that his conviction for
felonious assault was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In determining
whether a criminal conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence, an
appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable
inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses, and determine whether, in resolving
conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed. State v. Thompkins, 78
Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997); State v. Hunter, 131 Ohio St.3d 67, 2011-
Ohio-6254, 960 N.E.2d 955, ¶ 119.
{¶40} However, we are reminded that generally the weight and credibility of
evidence are to be determined by the trier of fact. See State v. Kirkland, 140 Ohio St.3d
73, 15 N.E.3d 818, 2014-Ohio-1966, at ¶ 132. “ ‘A jury, sitting as the trier of fact, is free
to believe all, part or none of the testimony of any witness who appears before it.’ ”
State v. Reyes-Rosales, 4th Dist. Adams No. 15CA1010, 2016-Ohio-3338, ¶ 17,
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 15
quoting State v. West, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 12CA3507, 2014-Ohio-1941, ¶ 23. We defer
to the trier of fact on these evidentiary weight and credibility issues because it is in the
best position to gauge the witnesses' demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and to
use these observations to weigh their credibility.
{¶41} Allen argues that his conviction for felonious assault was against the
manifest weight of the evidence because the state offered no substantive evidence to
rebut his showing of self-defense. We reject this argument because it is based on an
erroneous premise; when a defendant claims an affirmative defense like self-defense,
the state need not produce rebuttal evidence to defeat it. See State v. Hall, 4th Dist.
Ross No. 13CA3391, 2014-Ohio-2959, ¶ 29 (“When a defendant presents an affirmative
defense there is no mandatory duty that requires the state to produce rebuttal
evidence”).
{¶42} Rather, “[t]o establish self-defense, a defendant must establish, by a
preponderance of the evidence, the following three circumstances: ‘ “(1) the defendant
was not at fault in creating the violent situation, (2) the defendant had a bona fide belief
that [he] was in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm and that [his] only means
of escape was the use of force, and (3) that the defendant did not violate any duty of
retreat or avoid the danger.” ’ ” State v. Waller, 4th Dist. Scioto Nos. 15CA3683 and
15CA3684, 2016-Ohio-3077, ¶ 23, quoting State v. Goff, 128 Ohio St.3d 169, 2010-
Ohio-6317, 942 N.E.2d 1085, ¶ 36, quoting State v. Thomas, 77 Ohio St.3d 323, 326,
673 N.E.2d 1339 (1997).
{¶43} After considering the evidence we conclude that the jury did not clearly
lose its way or create a manifest miscarriage of justice by rejecting Allen’s claim of self-
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 16
defense to the felonious-assault charge. The evidence in this case could reasonably
lead a jury to conclude that: (1) Allen was at fault for creating the violent situation by
failing to comply with Deputy Sheriff Johnson’s lawful commands and instead punching
him in his face and stealing his gun and handcuffs; and (2) Allen did not have a bona
fide belief that he was in imminent danger of death or bodily harm—he could have
diffused the situation by either giving his name and address to Johnson or allowing
himself to be arrested for trespassing. Because Allen failed to carry his burden of proof,
the state had no duty to present rebuttal evidence.
{¶44} Allen cites his own testimony that Johnson escalated the situation by
drawing his gun, but no other witness corroborated this testimony. The jury was free to
discredit this testimony, particularly when a reasonable person who claimed to have
been assaulted by a person impersonating a police officer would have attempted to
contact the police rather than run from them and attempt to hide a gun stolen from the
person he claimed impersonated a police officer. The jury’s verdict was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence. We overrule Allen’s second assignment of error.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶45} Allen has failed to establish that the trial court committed any reversible
error. Having overruled Allen’s assignments of error, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Ross App. No. 16CA3538 17
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and that Appellant shall pay the
costs.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Ross
County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL HAS
BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it is
temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously
posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme
Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court.
If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the
sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the
Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of
the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court
of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as
of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
McFarland, J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
Hoover, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.
For the Court
BY: ________________________
William H. Harsha, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment
entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing
with the clerk.
State v. Allen
Combined Opinion