United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT April 12, 2006
Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
No. 05-40603
Conference Calendar
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
CALIXTO SILVA-ESPINOZA,
Defendant-Appellant.
--------------------
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
USDC No. 5:04–CR-2089-1
--------------------
Before JONES, Chief Judge, and JOLLY and DAVIS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Calixto Silva-Espinoza (Silva) appeals his guilty-plea
conviction and sentence for illegal reentry following
deportation. Silva argues that the “felony” and “aggravated
felony” provisions of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) are unconstitutional in
light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000).
Silva’s constitutional challenge is foreclosed by
Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235 (1998).
Although Silva contends that Almendarez-Torres was incorrectly
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
No. 05-40603
-2-
decided and that a majority of the Supreme Court would overrule
Almendarez-Torres in light of Apprendi, we have repeatedly
rejected such arguments on the basis that Almendarez-Torres
remains binding. See United States v. Garza-Lopez, 410 F.3d 268,
276 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 298 (2005). Silva
properly concedes that his argument is foreclosed in light of
Almendarez-Torres and circuit precedent, but he raises it here to
preserve it for further review.
The judgment of the district court is thus AFFIRMED.