J-S47001-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: T.S.A., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
.
APPEAL OF: J.A., FATHER
No. 655 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered January 26, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000664-2016
CP-51-DP-0000879-2015
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MOULTON, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED AUGUST 02, 2017
J.A., the father of T.S.A. (DOB: September 2010), appeals from the
order, entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas,
involuntarily terminating his parental rights to T.S.A. After careful review,
we affirm.
On March 13, 2015, the Department of Human Services (DHS) learned
that while in the care of their mother, T.S.A. and her sibling were left at the
home of a friend where they were sexually assaulted. DHS obtained an
Order of Protective Custody (OPC) for T.S.A. on April 6, 2015, and placed
her in the custody of her maternal great-aunt. On April 8, 2015, a shelter
care hearing for T.S.A. was held before the Honorable Vincent L. Johnson.
Judge Johnson lifted the OPC, upheld T.S.A.’s temporary commitment to
DHS, and awarded physical custody of T.S.A. to the maternal great-aunt.
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On April 13, 2015, J.A. pled guilty to two counts of first-degree
murder,1 and he was sentenced to two terms of life imprisonment without
the possibility of parole. After an adjudicatory hearing on June 2, 2015,
Judge Johnson adjudicated T.S.A. dependent, committed her to DHS, and
granted physical custody of T.S.A. to her paternal grandmother. On June
25, 2015, T.S.A. was placed with her paternal grandmother, who is an
adoptive resource, and she currently remains in her care.
The matter was listed on the Philadelphia County Court of Common
Pleas, Family Court Division, Juvenile Branch docket to review the
permanency plan for T.S.A. A goal change and termination of parental
rights hearing was held on January 26, 2017, before the Honorable Lyris
Younge. It was arranged for J.A. to participate in the hearing by telephone
from State Correctional Institution—Albion (SCI Albion), however, on the
day of the hearing J.A. was involved in an altercation, which placed him in a
restricted area and made him unavailable by telephone. J.A.’s counsel
requested a continuance due to J.A.’s unavailability, which the court denied.
At the hearing, the evidence showed J.A. occasionally spoke with
T.S.A. on the phone, but there was no evidence that demonstrated “any
other actions he’s taken to serve as a parent or a resource for [T.S.A.]” N.T.
Goal Change Hearing, 01/26/17, at 23-24. Judge Younge evaluated the
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1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(a).
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evidence, and held it was in T.S.A.’s best interest to change the goal to
adoption. Additionally, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5),
(8),2 and (b), Judge Younge involuntarily terminated J.A.’s parental rights to
T.S.A.3
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(a) General rule. – The rights of a parent in regard to a child may be
terminated after a petition filed on any of the following grounds:
(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six
months immediately preceding the filing of the petition either
has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim
to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties.
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or
refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential
parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical
or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the
incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be
remedied by the parent.
...
(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by
the court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency for a
period of at least six months, the conditions which led to the
removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent
cannot or will not remedy those conditions within a reasonable
period of time, the services or assistance reasonably available to
the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to
the removal or placement of the child and has failed during the
same four-month period to provide substantial financial support
for the child.
...
(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by
the court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency, 12
months or more have elapsed from the date of removal or
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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J.A. raises the following issue for our review:
Whether the trial court erred in refusing [F]ather to participate in
the hearing and testify and provide evidence on his own behalf
by refusing to grant a continuance because [F]ather was unable
to participate by telephone conference call at SCI Albion because
of an incident at SCI Albion involving father.
Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, 02/14/17, at 1.
In reviewing a trial court’s order terminating parental rights, we accept
the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if they are
supported by the record. In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 826 (Pa.
2012). If the record supports the factual findings, appellate courts evaluate
whether the trial court made an error of law or abused its discretion. Id.
Our standard of review for a trial court’s denial of a continuance request is
also an abuse of discretion standard. In re K.J., 825 A.2d 1277, 1280 (Pa.
Super. 2003). “[A] decision may be reversed for an abuse of discretion only
upon demonstration of manifest unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice,
bias, or ill-will.” S.P., supra.
Involuntary “[t]ermination of parental rights is controlled by statute
and requires a two-step analysis.” In re I.G., 939 A.2d 950, 952 (Pa.
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(Footnote Continued)
placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement
of the child continue to exist and termination of parental rights
would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 23
Pa.C.S.A. § 2511.
3
The court also involuntarily terminated the mother’s parental rights to
T.S.A., but she is not a party to this appeal.
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Super. 2007). First, the party seeking termination must prove one of the
statutory requirements enumerated in section 2511(a) by clear and
convincing evidence. Id. Second, the court will employ an additional
analysis under section 2511(b)4 if the court finds the parent’s conduct
warrants termination of his or her parental rights under section 2511(a).
Id.
Here, Judge Younge found DHS proved by clear and convincing
evidence that J.A.’s parental rights should be terminated under sections
2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8). Judge Younge further concluded that
terminating J.A.’s parental rights was in the best interest of T.S.A. pursuant
to section 2511(b). See In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007).
J.A. alleges that the trial court’s failure to grant his continuance
request, due to his unavailability to participate in the termination
proceeding, violated his right to due process. We disagree.
“Due process requires nothing more than adequate notice, an
opportunity to be heard, and the chance to defend oneself in an impartial
tribunal having jurisdiction over the matter.” In re J.N.F., 887 A.2d 775,
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(b) Other considerations. –The court in terminating the rights of a
parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical and
emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be
terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate
housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
beyond the control of the parent. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).
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781 (Pa. Super. 2005). “Due process is flexible and calls for such procedural
protections as the situation demands.” In re Adoption of Dale A., II, 683
A.2d 297, 300 (Pa. Super. 1996).
The court must “look at all the circumstances, effectuating the
purposes of the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301, in determining whether a
continuance is appropriate.” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1122 cmt. The Juvenile Act,5 which
was amended in 1998 to conform to the federal Adoption and Safe Families
Act (ASFA),6 controls placement and custody issues concerning dependent
children. In re N.C., 909 A.2d 818, 823 (Pa. Super. 2006). “The policy
underlying these statutes is to prevent children from languishing indefinitely
in foster care, with its inherent lack of permanency, normalcy, and long-
term parental commitment.” Id. Therefore, the “[s]afety, permanency, and
well-being of the child must take precedence over all other considerations,
including the rights of the parents.” Id. (emphasis original). Although
involuntary termination of parental rights is controlled by the Adoption Act, 7
“[t]o the extent that both acts relate to state intervention in the parent-child
relationship, the Juvenile Act and the Adoption Act may be considered in pari
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5
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301-65.
6
42 U.S.C.A. § 671 et seq.
7
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2501 et seq.
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materia.”8 In re William L., 383 A.2d 1228, 1241 n.21 (Pa. 1976)
(emphasis added).
In J.N.F., supra, we held that a trial court is not required to transport
an incarcerated parent to a termination hearing to achieve due process.
J.N.F., 887 A.2d at 781. If, however, the incarcerated parent wants to
challenge the termination of his or her parental rights, “the trial court must
afford the incarcerated parent the ability to participate meaningfully in the
termination hearing through alternate means.” Id. Here, the trial court
made reasonable efforts to ensure J.A. had the ability to participate in the
termination hearing by telephone. J.A. was afforded proper notice of the
termination hearing. His involvement in an altercation at SCI Albion,
however, prevented him from participating via telephone that day. In
choosing to deny J.A.’s continuance request, the trial court balanced the best
interest of T.S.A. with J.A.’s own actions, which forfeited his personal
participation in the hearing. The trial court also “noted the court docket and
referenced the several continuance[s] and the lack of permanency for
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(a) Meaning. – Statutes or parts of statutes are in pari materia when they
relate to the same persons or things or to the same class of persons or
things.
(b) Construction. – Statutes in pari materia shall be construed together,
if possible, as one statute.” 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1932.
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T.[S.]A.” Trial Court Opinion, 04/05/17, at 4. Accordingly, the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in denying J.A.’s continuance request.
J.A. further maintains that the trial court erred in terminating his
parental rights without allowing him “the opportunity to introduce evidence
and otherwise be heard on his own behalf and to cross-examine witnesses.”
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6338. We find this claim meritless.
Pursuant to section 2513(b) of the Adoption Act, J.A. was served
notice that his parental rights were to be terminated. Section 2513(b)
provides such notice must state:
You are warned that even if you fail to appear at the scheduled
hearing, the hearing will go on without you and your rights to
your child may be ended by the court without your being
present. You have a right to be represented at the hearing by a
lawyer.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 2513(b). J.A. was represented by counsel at the termination
hearing on January 26, 2017. J.A.’s counsel participated in the hearing and
had the opportunity to introduce evidence and cross-examine witnesses on
his behalf. See Dale A., II, 683 A.2d at 301 (concluding requiring
incarcerated parent to pay cost of transportation to termination hearing did
not violate constitutional rights, even if that prevented him from attending,
when parent had court-appointed counsel who was present at hearing and
had opportunity to cross-examine witnesses). Thus, the trial court afforded
J.A. his right to due process.
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Further, granting a continuance here would not have been in the
interest of justice, or in T.S.A.’s best interests, and it would not have
changed the outcome of the trial court’s decision. The Pennsylvania
Supreme Court has held:
[I]ncarceration, while not a litmus test for termination, can be
determinative of the question of whether a parent is incapable of
providing essential parental care, control or subsistence and the
length of the remaining confinement can be considered as highly
relevant to whether the conditions and causes of the incapacity,
abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the
parent, sufficient to provide grounds for termination pursuant to
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2).
S.P., 47 A.3d at 830 (internal citations omitted). J.A. is serving two life
sentences without the possibility of parole. His incapacity cannot be
remedied. Accordingly, we find that the trial court did not err in denying
J.A.’s motion for continuance and involuntarily terminating his parental
rights to T.S.A.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/2/2017
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