United States Court of Appeals
For the Eighth Circuit
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No. 16-3090
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United States of America
lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee
v.
Travonte Derrane Hughes
lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
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Appeal from United States District Court
for the Northern District of Iowa - Cedar Rapids
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Submitted: June 8, 2017
Filed: August 7, 2017
[Unpublished]
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Before WOLLMAN, GRUENDER, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Travonte Hughes pleaded guilty to one count of being a felon in possession of
a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2), and was sentenced
to 71 months’ imprisonment. Hughes appeals from his sentence, arguing that the
district court1 erred in calculating his offense level under the United States Sentencing
Guidelines Manual (U.S.S.G. or Guidelines) and in imposing a substantively
unreasonable sentence. We affirm.
As officers of the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, police department entered a barbershop
in response to a report that a robbery suspect was present there, Hughes pulled a
loaded firearm from his pocket and pointed it at them. Hughes then retreated behind
a video game machine near the rear of the shop, still displaying the firearm. Hughes
eventually surrendered and was arrested without further resistance.
Hughes’s presentence report (PSR) calculated a base offense level of 24 under
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(a)(2), which applies if the defendant committed the offense after
sustaining at least two felony convictions for a crime of violence. The PSR
determined that Hughes had sustained two such convictions—for residential burglary,
in violation of 720 Illinois Compiled Statutes 5/19-3(a), and for willful injury, in
violation of Iowa Code § 708.4(2). The PSR also recommended a 4-level
enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) because Hughes committed the felon-
in-possession offense in connection with another felony offense—namely, carrying
weapons in violation of Iowa Code § 724.4(1). Based on a total offense level of 27
(after applying other adjustments not relevant here) and a criminal history category
of III, the PSR calculated an advisory Guidelines sentencing range of 87 to 108
months’ imprisonment.
Hughes objected to the PSR’s calculation of his base offense level, arguing that
his conviction for residential burglary should not qualify as a crime of violence
because it would not so qualify under a revision to U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(2) that had
not yet taken effect. Although Hughes conceded that his conviction for willful injury
1
The Honorable Linda R. Reade, then Chief Judge, United States District Court
for the Northern District of Iowa.
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constituted a crime of violence, he objected to the § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) enhancement,
arguing that the Iowa offense of carrying weapons could not support the enhancement
because that offense was based on the same conduct as the federal felon-in-possession
offense.2 Hughes raised no objection to the factual findings set forth in the PSR.
Hughes repeated the foregoing arguments during the sentencing hearing, as
well as arguing that his conviction for willful injury did not constitute a crime of
violence, notwithstanding his earlier concession to the contrary. The district court
adopted the PSR’s factual findings and its calculation of Hughes’s advisory
Guidelines sentencing range. Regarding Hughes’s argument that his residential-
burglary conviction should not be counted as a crime of violence in light of the
upcoming Guidelines revision, the court stated that it “could decide not to give Mr.
Hughes that break, and [it] would be well within the law doing so,” but that it was
“trying to be fair” and “a sentence shouldn’t depend on when the Court . . . sets the
sentencing hearing.” The court determined that Hughes’s offense level would have
been 23 if, all else unchanged, Hughes had sustained only one conviction for a crime
of violence. See U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(a)(4)(A). Based on an offense level of 23 and a
criminal history category of III, the court determined that Hughes would have had an
advisory Guidelines sentencing range of 57 to 71 months’ imprisonment.
The court sentenced Hughes to 71 months’ imprisonment, varying downward
from the actual Guidelines range of 87 to 108 months’ imprisonment. The court
explained that it had considered the unobjected-to portions of the PSR, the parties’
oral and written arguments, and all of the sentencing factors set forth in
18 U.S.C. § 3553. The court stated that “if it erred in any way in computing the
advisory guidelines, the Court would impose a nonguideline sentence that would be
2
Hughes acknowledged that this argument was foreclosed by United States v.
Walker, 771 F.3d 449 (8th Cir. 2014), but stated that he wished to preserve the issue
in order to request en banc review on appeal.
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identical, and this would take into account the outrageous nature of his action, his
assault on the police officers.”
Hughes’s convictions for willful injury and residential burglary arguably
constituted crimes of violence and the offense of carrying weapons arguably
supported the § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) enhancement. We affirm for a different reason,
however, for any error in calculating Hughes’s Guidelines sentencing range was
harmless in light of the district court’s alternative holding that a non-Guidelines 71-
month sentence would be appropriate to address the severity of Hughes’s offense.
See United States v. Sayles, 674 F.3d 1069, 1072 (8th Cir. 2012) (“In general, we
have found harmless sentencing error when a court specifically identifies the
contested issue and potentially erroneous ruling, sets forth an alternative holding
supported by the law and the record in the case, and adequately explains its
alternative holding.”).
We also conclude that Hughes’s 71-month sentence was substantively
reasonable. “We review the reasonableness of defendants’ sentences under a
deferential abuse-of-discretion standard, ensuring that the district court committed no
significant procedural error and that the sentence is substantively reasonable.” United
States v. Diaz-Pellegaud, 666 F.3d 492, 501 (8th Cir. 2012) (quoting United States
v. Reynolds, 643 F.3d 1130, 1134 (8th Cir. 2011)). “A sentence is substantively
unreasonable if the district court fails to consider a relevant factor that should have
received significant weight, gives significant weight to an improper or irrelevant
factor, or considers only the appropriate factors but commits a clear error of judgment
in weighing those factors.” Id. (quoting United States v. Delgado-Hernandez, 646
F.3d 562, 568 (8th Cir. 2011) (per curiam)). Hughes contends that his sentence is
substantively unreasonable because the district court failed to account for the
emotional effect of Hughes’s father’s death during Hughes’s childhood and for the
possibility that Hughes could improve his behavior through counseling and education
while residing in a halfway house. It is clear from the record, however, that the
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district court considered those factors, which were discussed both in the PSR and
during the sentencing hearing. The district court did not abuse its discretion in
weighing the severity of Hughes’s offense against those factors. See United States
v. Anderson, 618 F.3d 873, 883 (8th Cir. 2010) (“The district court may give some
factors less weight than a defendant prefers or more to other factors but that alone
does not justify reversal.”).
The judgment is affirmed.
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