MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any FILED
court except for the purpose of establishing
Aug 21 2017, 5:45 am
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Deborah K. Shepler Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Sullivan, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Robert J. Henke
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Termination August 21, 2017
of the Parent-Child Relationship Court of Appeals Case No.
of: B.H., C.H., & L.W., Minor 77A05-1702-JT-324
Children, Appeal from the Sullivan Circuit
J.M.H., Mother, Court
The Honorable Robert E. Hunley,
Appellant-Respondent,
II, Judge
v. The Honorable Robert E. Springer,
Magistrate
Indiana Department of Child Trial Court Cause Nos.
Services, 77C01-1607-JT-40
77C01-1607-JT-41
Appellee-Petitioner. 77C01-1607-JT-42
Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 1 of 13
Statement of the Case
[1] J.M.H. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s termination of her parental rights
over her minor children B.H., C.H., and L.W. (collectively “Children”).
Mother1 raises a single issue for our review, namely, whether the State
presented sufficient evidence to support the termination of her parental rights.
We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] In June 2013, the Department of Child Services (“DCS”) investigated a report
that the Children were victims of neglect. On June 5, DCS filed a petition with
the trial court in which DCS alleged that the Children were children in need of
services (“CHINS”). At a hearing on June 26, Mother admitted to the
allegations in the CHINS petition, namely, that she had failed to supervise the
Children.2 The trial court adjudicated the Children to be CHINS based on
Mother’s admission. On July 24, the court found that Mother needed
assistance with, among other things, general parenting skills, housing, finding
employment or suitable income, drug and alcohol issues, maintaining the
home, and fulfilling her obligations as a parent. The trial court ordered Mother
to comply with a parental participation order that required Mother to stay in
1
The biological father of C.H. and B.H. is deceased. The biological father of L.W. voluntarily terminated
his parental rights and, therefore, does not join in this appeal.
2
DCS presented evidence that on one occasion C.H. “was permitted to have a boy in her bedroom who
performed oral sex on [her] while mother was in the house” and that Mother was “passed out leaving the
other two children unsupervised.” Ex. 7 at 1.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 2 of 13
regular contact with the Family Case Manager (“FCM”) and to keep all
appointments with the FCM, complete a substance abuse assessment, and
complete a parenting assessment. The trial court also ordered Mother to
abstain from using illegal controlled substances. At that time, the Children
remained with Mother.
[3] One week later, on July 31, the trial court removed the Children from Mother’s
care after Mother had tested positive for methcathinone and THC. On
December 4, the trial court returned B.H. and L.W. to Mother’s care due to
Mother’s compliance with services and random drug screens. On March 18,
2015, the trial court returned C.H. to Mother’s care.
[4] On June 29, the trial court again removed the Children from Mother’s care
because Mother: failed on several occasions to contact DCS to determine
whether she was required to submit to drug screens; failed to seek DCS
approval before allowing others to have significant and extended contact with
the Children; and failed to report to DCS that C.H. had harmed herself while
under Mother’s care and supervision. In September 2015, Mother was arrested
for a DUI and released on bond. She was arrested again in October 2015 and
remained in jail until January 2016. After her release, Mother violated the
terms of her probation in February 2016 and was incarcerated.
[5] Mother did not successfully complete her court-ordered services in the CHINS
matter, and, on July 11, 2016, DCS filed petitions to terminate her parental
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 3 of 13
rights as to each child. Following a hearing, the trial court found and
concluded in relevant part as follows:
1. Child[ren] and Mother have a history with DCS.
2. A prior CHINS case was opened in 2008 with Mother and
Child[ren] due to Mother’s substance abuse while caring for
Child[ren].
3. Mother failed to complete services in the prior CHINS
case and it was dismissed in 2011 due to a guardianship with
grandmother.
4. At some point between 2011 and 2013[] guardianship was
dissolved and Child[ren] w[ere] returned to Mother.
***
9. From June 2015 to present, Mother failed to participate in
services.
10. Since June 2015, Child[ren] ha[ve] not returned to
Mother’s care.
11. Even though Mother was listed as compliant from
December 2013 to June 2015, Mother failed to progress in
services.
12. Mother also failed to consistently take Child[ren] to
therapy or case management appointments.
13. Mother completed a substance abuse program[] but tested
positive for illegal substances after completion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 4 of 13
14. Mother attended and recited information during case
management; however, Mother lacked follow-through and made
no progress in treatment.
15. Mother attended and cooperated in home-based therapy to
address emotional regulation, cope with intense emotions,
improve parenting skills, improve relationships and repair
functioning ability.
16. While Mother appeared to be processing information
learned during home-based therapy, Mother had inconsistencies
in utilizing skills.
17. Mother began resisting treatment in home-based therapy
in 2015 and did not make compliance a priority.
18. Mother relied on others to provide stability in her life[] but
was never able to maintain relationships and supports due to
conflict.
19. Mother had several boyfriends, friends, acquaintances, and
family in and out of her home while Child[ren] w[ere] in her
care.
20. Mother consistently failed to notify DCS of unauthorized
people residing in her home, which created an unsafe and
unstable home for Child[ren].
21. Mother claims Child[ren] . . . were never harmed by the
presence of people in and out of the home; however, [L.W.] was
raped while people in Mother’s home were under the influence of
illegal substances.
22. Additionally, during the CHINS case, [C.H.] cut herself
due to Mother forcing them to stay overnight at a stranger’s
home.
23. Mother is still unable to provide a safe and stable home for
Child[ren] as she continues to have unknown people in her
home; Mother also remains dishonest about people in her home.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 5 of 13
24. Mother has difficulty taking ownership for her actions and
has a pattern of blaming others.
25. Even as recent as November 2016, Mother continues to
blame others and make excuses for her situation.
26. Mother’s inability to regulate her emotions caused a
decrease in structure and made her emotionally unavailable for
Child[ren] and Child[ren]’s needs.
27. Mother’s emotional issues affected Child[ren] and caused
an increase in negative behaviors and anxiety.
28. Visitation between Mother and Child[ren] was chaotic and
frequently ended early due to cussing, arguing, put-downs and
blaming others.
29. Mother no showed several visits and consistently appeared
late for visits she did attend; therefore, Mother was required to
call an hour in advance of visits.
30. During visits, Mother regularly discussed inappropriate
topics and focused on her issues rather than Child[ren].
31. Mother wanted to be a friend to Child[ren], instead of a
parent.
32. Mother was unable to control Child[ren]’s behaviors and
required intervention from the visitation supervisor.
33. Although she required intervention, Mother was not
receptive to parenting suggestions from the visitation supervisor.
34. Despite efforts made by DCS and providers, services have
not been successful for Mother as she has failed to improve her
ability to parent Child[ren] and has not demonstrated change to
remedy reasons for initial and continued removal.
35. The mother is unable to maintain any level of consistency
and stability.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 6 of 13
36. Mother was incarcerated for multiple periods of time from
September 2015 to November 2016; however, [M]other had the
opportunity to participate in services prior to incarceration,
during authorized releases, and after release from incarceration.
37. Mother was released from incarceration in September
2015 and was rearrested in October 2015.
38. Mother was released in January 2016 to attend Freebirds,
an inpatient treatment facility.
39. While at Freebirds, Mother violated the terms of her
probationary license and was arrested after approximately one (1)
month.
40. Mother failed to successfully complete Freebirds program.
41. Mother has a history of criminal convictions and
probation revocations, including: Operating a Vehicle with a
BAC of .08 (2008), Possession of Methamphetamine (2008 &
2009), Failure to Stop After an Accident Resulting in Damage
(2009), and Operating a Vehicle While Intoxicated Endangering
a Person (2012 & 2015).
42. Mother still has a criminal case pending in Clay County,
Indiana; trial is set in February 2017.
43. Throughout the entire case, Mother’s parenting lacked
structure, routine, and consistency.
44. Child[ren]’s behaviors were exacerbated due to lack of
structure and Mother’s home had no structure.
***
57. The [C]hild[ren] ha[ve] been removed from the parental
home for at least six months under a Dispositional Decree.
58. The [C]hild[ren] ha[ve] been removed from the parental
home for at least fifteen (15) months of the most recent twenty-
two (22) months.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 7 of 13
59. GAL, Courtney Robison, agrees that it is in Child[ren]’s
best interest for termination of parental rights and adoption and
that continuing the parent-child relationship[s] between Mother
and Child[ren] would be harmful to Child[ren].
60. [C.H.], age seventeen (17) years old, believes termination
of parental rights is in Child[ren]’s best interests.
61. DCS’ plan for [B.W. and L.H.] is that [they] be adopted.
62. Adoption would provide permanency for the child[ren] in
a safe and stable environment and is found to be satisfactory.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 23-26 (citations omitted).3 DCS’ plan for C.H. is
Another Planned Permanency Living Arrangement (“APPLA”). The trial
court also determined that “APPLA would provide permanency for [C.H.] in a
safe and stable environment and is found to be satisfactory.” Appellant’s App.
Vol. II at 36. On January 10, 2017, the trial court granted DCS’ petition for
termination of parental rights. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision
[6] We begin our review of this appeal by acknowledging that “[t]he traditional
right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is protected by the
Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.” Bailey v. Tippecanoe
Div. of Family & Children (In re M.B.), 666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996),
trans. denied. However, a trial court must subordinate the interests of the
3
We have quoted from the trial court’s order on Mother’s rights over B.H., but, because the court issued
nearly identical, albeit separate, orders on Mother’s rights over C.H. and L.W., we have consolidated the
court’s language to refer to all the Children.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 8 of 13
parents to those of the child when evaluating the circumstances surrounding a
termination. Schultz v. Porter Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re K.S.), 750
N.E.2d 832, 837 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). Termination of a parent-child
relationship is proper where a child’s emotional and physical development is
threatened. Id. Although the right to raise one’s own child should not be
terminated solely because there is a better home available for the child, parental
rights may be terminated when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or
her parental responsibilities. Id. at 836.
[7] Before an involuntary termination of parental rights can occur in Indiana, DCS
is required to allege and prove:
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the
conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or the
reasons for placement outside the home of the
parents will not be remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the
continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a
threat to the well-being of the child.
***
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
the child.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 9 of 13
Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2) (2017). DCS’s “burden of proof in termination of
parental rights cases is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” R.Y. v. Ind.
Dep’t of Child Servs. (In re G.Y.), 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61 (Ind. 2009) (quoting
I.C. § 31-37-14-2).
[8] When reviewing a termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the
evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Peterson v. Marion Cnty. Ofc. of
Family & Children (In re D.D.), 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans.
denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that
are most favorable to the judgment. Id. Moreover, in deference to the trial
court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will set aside the court’s
judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous.
Judy S. v. Noble Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re L.S.), 717 N.E.2d 204, 208
(Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied.
[9] Here, in terminating Mother’s parental rights, the trial court entered specific
findings of fact and conclusions thereon. When a trial court’s judgment
contains special findings and conclusions, we apply a two-tiered standard of
review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind.
2005). First, we determine whether the evidence supports the findings and,
second, we determine whether the findings support the judgment. Id.
“Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record contains no facts to
support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d 98,
102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the trial court’s
decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 10 of 13
[10] Mother challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to show 1) that there is a
reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in the Children’s
removal or the reason for placement outside the home will not be remedied and
2) that there is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-child
relationships poses a threat to the well-being of the Children. We address the
sufficiency of the evidence supporting the trial court’s conclusion that there is a
reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in the Children’s
removal or the reasons for placement outside the home will not be remedied.4
[11] In determining whether the evidence supports the trial court’s finding that
Mother was unlikely to remedy the reasons for the Children’s removal, we
engage in a two-step analysis. E.M. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs. (In re E.M.), 4
N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014). “First, we identify the conditions that led to
removal; and second, we determine whether there is a reasonable probability
that those conditions will not be remedied.” Id. (quotations and citations
omitted). In the second step, the trial court must judge a parent’s fitness to care
for her children at the time of the termination hearing, taking into consideration
evidence of changed conditions. Id. However, the court must also “evaluate
the parent’s habitual patterns of conduct to determine the probability of future
neglect or deprivation of the child.” Moore v. Jasper Cty. Dep’t of Child Servs., 894
N.E.2d 218, 226 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (quotations and citations omitted).
4
Because the statute is written in the disjunctive and we affirm the court’s judgment on this issue, we need
not address the court’s additional conclusion that continuation of the parent-child relationships poses a threat
to the Children’s well-being. I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 11 of 13
Pursuant to this rule, courts have properly considered evidence of a parent’s
prior criminal history, drug and alcohol abuse, history of neglect, failure to
provide support, and lack of adequate housing and employment. Id. Moreover,
DCS is not required to rule out all possibilities of change; rather, it need
establish only that there is a reasonable probability the parent’s behavior will
not change. Id.
[12] Mother does not challenge the trial court’s findings on this issue, and we cannot
say that the trial court clearly erred when it concluded from those findings that
the conditions that resulted in the Children’s removal from Mother’s care will
not be remedied. As DCS notes, Mother and Children have a child welfare
history going back to at least 2008. The Children have been CHINS since 2013.
The Children were removed from Mother’s care due to Mother’s failure to
supervise the Children and her drug use. Yet, despite the intervention of the
trial court in the CHINS proceedings, Mother has not remedied those issues.
Mother attended the home-based therapy sessions from June 2013 until mid-
2015; however, according to the therapist who provided the home-based
therapy sessions, she was unable to apply what she had learned. Mother’s
attendance and compliance at those sessions slowed in mid-2015 and then
stopped entirely when she was incarcerated in September of 2015.
Additionally, Mother repeatedly failed to comply with the requirement to notify
the FCM when Mother had certain people staying in the house with the
Children. Mother also continued to test positive for illegal drugs after
completing a drug abuse class.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 12 of 13
[13] It should also be noted that the Children are thriving outside of Mother’s care.
C.H. testified that B.H. and L.W. are “completely different children” and that
they are “outstanding” and “the happiest” that she has ever seen them. Tr. at
82-83. C.H. further testified that the Children are now all “doing the best that
we have ever done.” Tr. at 83.
[14] Mother’s arguments on appeal simply seek to have this court disregard the
evidence most favorable to the trial court’s judgment and instead reweigh the
evidence in her favor, which we cannot do so. We cannot say that the trial
court clearly erred when it concluded that the conditions that resulted in the
Children’s removal will not be remedied. As such, we affirm the court’s
termination of Mother’s parental rights.
[15] Affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Brown, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 77A05-1702-JT-324 | August 21, 2017 Page 13 of 13