NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R.1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3581-14T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
RAHEEM A. PAMPLIN, a/k/a
RASHEEM MCAIR, TREMPLIN
PAMPLIN,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________________
Submitted March 22, 2017 – Decided August 25, 2017
Before Judges Simonelli and Gooden Brown.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County,
Indictment No. 08-12-2231.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney
for appellant (Suzannah Brown, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).
Gurbir S. Grewal, Bergen County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Elizabeth R. Rebein,
Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the
brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals from the January 15, 2015 order of the
trial court denying his petition for post-conviction relief (PCR)
without granting an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
On September 23, 2009, a Bergen County jury convicted
defendant, in absentia, of second-degree possession of a
controlled dangerous substance with intent to distribute, N.J.S.A.
2C:35-5(a)(1) and -5(b)(2) (count one); second-degree employing a
juvenile in a drug distribution scheme, N.J.S.A. 2C:35-6 (count
two); second-degree possession of a firearm during a drug offense,
N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4.1(a) (count three); and second-degree possession
of a firearm for an unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4(a) (count
four). After merger, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:44-3(a), defendant
was sentenced to an aggregate extended term sentence of thirty-
six years with thirteen-and-one-half-years of parole
ineligibility.
At trial, the State's proofs established that, along with his
fifteen-year-old nephew, defendant sold fifteen bricks of heroin
to an undercover police officer for $3225. Although there was no
evidence that defendant physically possessed a firearm during the
drug sale, defendant's nephew, who served as the lookout for the
transaction and carried the drugs, had a .45 caliber Hi-Point
automatic handgun in his waistband and was arrested and charged
along with defendant shortly after the transaction. Defendant
2 A-3581-14T2
gave an incriminating statement to police but denied telling his
nephew to bring the gun or knowing he possessed it.1 After the
defense rested, the trial court denied defendant's motion for a
judgment of acquittal on counts two, three, and four pursuant to
Rule 3:18-1, and submitted the case to the jury.
Defendant filed a direct appeal, asserting the following
arguments:
POINT I
THE STATE'S EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT TO PROVE
POSSESSION OF THE WEAPON BY DEFENDANT. U.S.
CONST. AMEND. XIV; N.J. CONST. ART. I, ¶ 1.
POINT II
DEFENDANT'S SENTENCE WAS EXCESSIVE. U.S.
CONST. AMENDS. VIII, XIV; N.J. CONST. ART I,
¶¶ 1, 12.
We incorporate by reference the detailed recitation of the facts
of the case contained in our unpublished opinion. State v.
Pamplin, No. A-1008-10 (App. Div. Sept. 4, 2012). Finding that
"there was sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that
defendant constructively possessed the handgun kept in his
nephew's waistband[,]" we affirmed the convictions but remanded
1
Defendant's statement was ruled admissible at trial by the court
pursuant to Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16
L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966) following a pre-trial hearing. See N.J.R.E.
104(c).
3 A-3581-14T2
"for resentencing based on three errors." Pamplin, supra, slip
op. at 5, 10.2 The aggregate twenty-seven-year term of
imprisonment with thirteen-and-a-half-years of parole
ineligibility imposed at the resentencing hearing conducted on
October 12, 2012, was considered on our Excessive Sentence Oral
Argument calendar, Rule 2:9-11, and affirmed by order filed August
29, 2013.3
Defendant filed a timely pro se petition for PCR alleging
that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing "to move to
[c]onsolidate Bergen [County] charges with Essex [County] matters
resulting in a higher aggregate sentence and extended term."
Assigned PCR counsel filed a brief on defendant's behalf arguing
that: (1) trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call his
juvenile codefendant, who pled guilty to a weapons possession
offense, as a witness at defendant's trial to testify that he,
rather than defendant, was in possession of the handgun; and (2)
2
Specifically, we remanded for a statement of reasons to support
the imposition of a consecutive sentence on count two, the
imposition of a mandatory period of parole ineligibility on count
two as required under N.J.S.A. 2C:35-6, and the removal of
aggravating factor eleven, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(11), which is
inapplicable when a defendant faces a presumption of
incarceration. Pamplin, supra, slip op. at 10-12.
3
With the consent of the parties, we remanded for the removal of
monetary penalties erroneously imposed on count four, which had
been merged into count three. The judgment of conviction was
corrected by the court on October 8, 2013.
4 A-3581-14T2
trial and appellate counsel were ineffective for failing to
challenge the absence of evidence to support the weapons possession
offenses. In support of the former claim, PCR counsel submitted
defendant's undated certification as well as defendant's nephew's
purported notarized statement, both asserting that defendant had
no knowledge of the gun or his nephew's intention to use it.
In an oral decision, the PCR court rejected all of defendant's
arguments. Preliminarily, the court acknowledged it "did read not
only counsel's submissions, but . . . [defendant's] also."
Additionally, the court noted that it did "take into consideration
[defendant's] submissions[.]" The court then concluded that
defendant failed to establish either the deficiency or the
prejudice prong of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694,
104 S. Ct. 2052, 2068, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674, 698 (1984) to warrant PCR
relief or an evidentiary hearing.
Regarding defendant's contention that his attorney was
ineffective for failing to call his nephew as a witness at trial,
the court determined that
defendant was not present at the trial to
discuss any strategy with his attorney. His
attorney made a strategic decision based upon
information that he had in front of him and
decided that it would be in the defendant's
best interest not to have . . . the codefendant
called at the trial.
. . . .
5 A-3581-14T2
Had he been called . . . I don't see how his
testimony would have made a difference.
Regarding defendant's contention that his attorneys were
ineffective for failing to challenge the absence of evidence to
support the weapons possession offenses, the court determined that
on the basis of the trial record[,] . . .
there was enough evidence for the issue of
constructive possession to go to the jury.
Therefore, even if there was a failure to make
a Reyes4 motion, that motion would have been
denied. Therefore, I am denying the PCR in
its entirety.5
The PCR court entered a memorializing order on January 15, 2015,
and this appeal followed.
On appeal, defendant raises the following arguments for our
consideration:
POINT I
THE MATTER SHOULD BE REMANDED FOR A NEW PCR
HEARING AND THE ASSIGNMENT OF NEW PCR COUNSEL
BECAUSE R. 3:22-6(d) WAS VIOLATED.
POINT II
THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN DENYING [DEFENDANT'S]
CLAIM THAT TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR
4
State v. Reyes, 50 N.J. 454 (1967).
5
Because the court mistakenly believed that trial counsel had
failed to file a Reyes motion and mistakenly noted that defendant
had only appealed his sentence, rather than his convictions, the
court failed to invoke the procedural bar. See R. 3:22-5 (barring
claims previously adjudicated on the merits in the proceedings
resulting in the conviction or in a direct appeal).
6 A-3581-14T2
FAILING TO CALL THE JUVENILE CO-DEFENDANT AS
A WITNESS WITHOUT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
We review the PCR court's findings of fact under a clear
error standard, and conclusions of law under a de novo standard.
See State v. Harris, 181 N.J. 391, 420-21 (2004), cert. denied,
545 U.S. 1145, 125 S. Ct. 2973, 162 L. Ed. 2d 898 (2005). Where
the PCR court's findings of fact are based on "live witness
testimony" we review such findings to determine whether they are
supported by sufficient credible evidence in the record. State
v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 540 (2013). However, where, as in this
case, "no evidentiary hearing has been held, we 'may exercise de
novo review over the factual inferences drawn from the documentary
record by the [PCR judge].'" State v. Reevey, 417 N.J. Super.
134, 146-47 (App. Div. 2010) (quoting Harris, supra, 181 N.J. at
421), certif. denied, 206 N.J. 64 (2011). While "[a]ssessing
[ineffective assistance of counsel] claims involves matters of
fact, . . . the ultimate determination is one of law[.]" Harris,
supra, 181 N.J. at 419.
On appeal, defendant argues that PCR counsel was ineffective
because he violated Rule 3:22-6(d) by: (1) failing to list,
incorporate by reference or advance defendant's sole claim set
forth in his pro se petition regarding trial counsel's failure to
move to consolidate his Bergen County charges with his pending
7 A-3581-14T2
Essex County charges; and (2) arguing incorrectly to the PCR court
that trial and appellate counsel failed to challenge the absence
of evidence to support the weapons possession offenses. According
to defendant, PCR counsel's "failure to ensure that [defendant's]
initial [pro se] claim was considered by the PCR court" as well
as his "lack of familiarity with the case" warrants a new PCR
hearing with the assignment of new PCR counsel. Defendant also
argues that the PCR court erred in denying PCR relief without an
evidentiary hearing. Specifically, defendant asserts that he
established a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel
and the court erred in ruling that counsel's failure to call the
juvenile as a witness was reasonable trial strategy and that the
juvenile's testimony would not have altered the outcome. We
disagree.
The mere raising of a claim for PCR does not entitle the
defendant to an evidentiary hearing. State v. Cummings, 321 N.J.
Super. 154, 170 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 162 N.J. 199 (1999).
Rather, trial courts should grant evidentiary hearings only if the
defendant has presented a prima facie claim of ineffective
assistance, material issues of disputed fact lie outside the
record, and resolution of the issues necessitate a hearing. R.
3:22-10(b); State v. Porter, 216 N.J. 343, 355 (2013), certif.
denied, 228 N.J. 502 (2017). "Rule 3:22-10 recognizes judicial
8 A-3581-14T2
discretion to conduct such hearings." State v. Preciose, 129 N.J.
451, 462 (1992).
A PCR court deciding whether to grant an evidentiary hearing
"should view the facts in the light most favorable to a defendant
to determine whether a defendant has established a prima facie
claim." Id. at 463. "To establish a prima facie claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must demonstrate
the reasonable likelihood of succeeding under the test set forth
in [Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068, 80 L.
Ed. 2d at 698], and United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 104 S.
Ct. 2039, 80 L. Ed. 2d 657 (1984), which [our Supreme Court]
adopted in State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987)." Ibid.
Under the Strickland standard, a defendant must make a two-
part showing. A defendant must show that trial counsel's
performance was both deficient and prejudicial. State v. Martini,
160 N.J. 248, 264 (1999). The performance of counsel is
"deficient" if it falls "below an objective standard of
reasonableness" measured by "prevailing professional norms."
Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 687-88, 104 S. Ct. at 2064-65, 80
L. Ed. 2d at 693-94. This standard of "reasonable competence[,]"
Fritz, supra, 105 N.J. at 60, "does not require the best of
attorneys," State v. Davis, 116 N.J. 341, 351 (1989), and the
defendant must overcome a "strong presumption that counsel
9 A-3581-14T2
rendered reasonable professional assistance." State v. Parker,
212 N.J. 269, 279 (2012) (citing Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at
689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 694).
"[A] defendant must also establish that the ineffectiveness
of his attorney prejudiced his defense. 'The defendant must show
that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have
been different.'" Parker, supra, 212 N.J. at 279-80 (quoting
Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068, 80 L. Ed.
2d at 698). "A reasonable probability simply means a probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the
proceeding." State v. O'Neil, 219 N.J. 598, 611 (2014) (citation
omitted).
"'Unless a defendant makes both showings, it cannot be said
that the conviction . . . resulted from a breakdown in the
adversary process that renders the result unreliable.'" Fritz,
supra, 105 N.J. at 52 (quoting Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 687,
104 S. Ct. at 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 693). Defendant bears the
burden of proving both prongs of an ineffective assistance of
counsel claim by a preponderance of the evidence. State v. Gaitan,
209 N.J. 339, 350 (2012), cert. denied, 568 U.S. 1192, 133 S. Ct.
1454, 185 L. Ed. 2d 361 (2013). "These standards apply to claims
of ineffective assistance at both the trial level and on appeal."
10 A-3581-14T2
State v. Guzman, 313 N.J. Super. 363, 374 (App. Div.) (citing
State v. Morrison, 215 N.J. Super. 540, 545-46 (App. Div.), certif.
denied, 107 N.J. 642 (1987)), certif. denied, 156 N.J. 424 (1988).
We first address defendant's contention that the court erred
in ruling that counsel's failure to call the juvenile as a witness
was reasonable trial strategy and that the juvenile's testimony
would not have altered the outcome. When a defendant asserts that
his attorney failed to call an exculpatory witness, "he must assert
the facts that would have been revealed, 'supported by affidavits
or certifications based upon the personal knowledge of the affiant
or the person making the certification.'" State v. Petrozelli,
351 N.J. Super. 14, 23 (App. Div. 2002) (quoting Cummings, supra,
321 N.J. Super. at 170). See also R. 3:22-10(c).
One of the most difficult strategic decisions that any trial
attorney confronts is "[d]etermining which witnesses to call to
the stand[.]" State v. Arthur, 184 N.J. 307, 320 (2005).
A trial attorney must consider what testimony
a witness can be expected to give, whether the
witness's testimony will be subject to
effective impeachment by prior inconsistent
statements or other means, whether the witness
is likely to contradict the testimony of other
witnesses the attorney intends to present and
thereby undermine their credibility, whether
the trier of fact is likely to find the witness
credible, and a variety of other tangible and
intangible factors.
[Id. at 320-21.]
11 A-3581-14T2
Therefore, like other aspects of trial representation, a defense
attorney's decision concerning which witnesses to call to the
stand is "an art," and a court's review of such a decision should
be "highly deferential." Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 689, 693,
104 S. Ct. at 2065, 2067, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 694, 697.
Here, we agree that trial counsel's failure to call the
juvenile as a witness was a strategic decision that was entitled
to highly deferential review by the PCR court, a standard to which
the PCR court abided in rejecting defendant's ineffectiveness
claim. Even assuming trial counsel was deficient in failing to
call the juvenile witness, we are unable to find prejudice to the
defense such that there is a "reasonable probability" the outcome
of defendant's trial would have been different, or "the factfinder
would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt." Strickland,
supra, 466 U.S. at 695, 104 S. Ct. at 2068-69, 80 L. Ed. 2d at
698.
In making a prejudice finding, we consider "the totality of
the evidence before the judge or jury" and "a verdict or conclusion
only weakly supported by the record is more likely to have been
affected by errors than one with overwhelming record support."
Id. at 695-96, 104 S. Ct. at 2069, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 698-99. Here,
the verdict had overwhelming support in the trial record.
12 A-3581-14T2
Defendant's statement denying any knowledge of the gun was
presented to the jury and was categorically rejected. Assuming
the juvenile was available and testified consistent with his
purported notarized statement, there is no "reasonable
probability" the outcome of defendant's trial would have been
different given the number of areas available for effective
impeachment of the juvenile's testimony. See State v. Pierre, 223
N.J. 560 (2015) (concluding that defendant's attorney was
deficient in failing to present evidence, including the testimony
of absent witnesses that could have reinforced defendant's alibi,
and defendant was prejudiced because there was sparse evidence
implicating him in the crimes). Accordingly, defendant failed to
establish a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel.
Next, we turn to defendant's argument that his PCR counsel
was ineffective because he violated Rule 3:22-6(d). "Rule 3:22-
6(d) imposes an independent standard of professional conduct upon
an attorney representing a defendant in a PCR proceeding." State
v. Hicks, 411 N.J. Super. 370, 376 (App. Div. 2010). Rule 3:22-
6(d) provides that assigned counsel
should advance all of the legitimate arguments
requested by the defendant that the record
will support. If defendant insists upon the
assertion of any grounds for relief that
counsel deems to be without merit, counsel
shall list such claims in the petition or
amended petition or incorporate them by
13 A-3581-14T2
reference. Pro se briefs can also be
submitted.
In State v. Rue, 175 N.J. 1 (2002), our Supreme Court
pointedly noted that "PCR is a defendant's last chance to raise
constitutional error that may have affected the reliability of his
or her criminal conviction. It is not a pro forma ritual." Id.
at 18. The Court reversed "[b]ecause Rue's counsel abandoned any
notion of partisan representation by countering every one of
[Rue's] claims and characterizing the entire petition as
meritless[.]" Id. at 19. Specifically, Rue's PCR counsel first
pointed out that he "believe[d] the client's claims [were] legally
meritless[.]" Id. at 8. He then "systematically dismantled each
contention" Rue raised, "rejected outright the availability" of
Rue's defense, and proved that Rue's potential witnesses had
"'significant credibility problem[s].'" Id. at 9-13.
Relying on Rule 3:22-6, the Court held that
[PCR] counsel must advance the claims the
client desires to forward in a petition and
brief and make the best available arguments
in support of them. Thereafter, as in any
case in which a brief is filed, counsel may
choose to stand on it at the hearing, and is
not required to further engage in expository
argument. In no event however, is counsel
empowered to denigrate or dismiss the client's
claims, to negatively evaluate them, or to
render aid and support to the [S]tate's
opposition. That kind of conduct contravenes
our PCR rule.
14 A-3581-14T2
[Id. at 19.]
We will assume the proscription in Rue survived the 2009 amendment
of Rule 3:22-6(d).6
In State v. Webster, 187 N.J. 254 (2006), certif. denied, 200
N.J. 475 (2009), the Court refined Rue, stating
Reduced to its essence, Rue provides that PCR
counsel must communicate with the client,
investigate the claims urged by the client,
and determine whether there are additional
claims that should be brought forward.
Thereafter, counsel should advance all of the
legitimate arguments that the record will
support. If after investigation counsel can
formulate no fair legal argument in support
of a particular claim raised by defendant, no
argument need be made on that point. Stated
differently, the brief must advance the
arguments that can be made in support of the
petition and include defendant's remaining
claims, either by listing them or
incorporating them by reference so that the
judge may consider them.
[Webster, supra, 187 N.J. at 257.]
This case bears no resemblance to Rue and complies with the
dictates of Webster. Here, at oral argument, the PCR court
acknowledged that it reviewed and considered counsel's submission
as well as defendant's. When the court asked whether PCR counsel
wished to "supplement" or "add any[thing]" to the "papers," PCR
6
Before 2009, Rule 3:22-6(d) provided that PCR "'counsel should
advance any grounds insisted upon by defendant notwithstanding
that counsel deems them without merit.'" Rue, supra, 175 N.J. at
13 (quoting Rule 3:22-6(d)(1995)).
15 A-3581-14T2
counsel replied "I don't have to. I know the [c]ourt is aware of
the arguments, so there's no need." That was sufficient to comply
with Rule 3:22-6(d). The court's denial of defendant's PCR
petition implicitly incorporated the court's rejection of
defendant's contention in his pro se submission that his attorney
was ineffective for failing to consolidate the Bergen and Essex
County charges.7 PCR counsel was still "function[ing] as an
advocate for the defendant, as opposed to a friend of the court."
State v. Barlow, 419 N.J. Super. 527, 536 (App. Div. 2011)
(citation omitted).
We do acknowledge as defendant points out that PCR counsel
incorrectly asserted that trial and appellate counsel failed to
challenge the absence of evidence to support the weapons possession
offenses. However, "[t]he test is not whether defense counsel
could have done better, but whether he met the constitutional
threshold for effectiveness." Nash, supra, 212 N.J. at 543.
Moreover, defendant cannot show a reasonable probability that the
result of the PCR hearing would have been different had PCR counsel
7
We note that Rule 3:25A-1 contemplates consolidation of charges
pending in different counties on motion to the presiding judge or
his or her designee "for consolidation for purposes of entering a
plea or for sentencing." Under the Rule, the judge is required
to consider several factors in adjudicating such a motion. Because
defendant was tried by a jury in absentia, it does not appear that
defendant could have availed himself of such a motion.
16 A-3581-14T2
argued differently. Indeed, defendant does not identify any
arguably meritorious claim that PCR counsel failed to advance on
defendant's behalf.
Affirmed.
17 A-3581-14T2