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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
GEORGE JONES, :
:
Appellant : No. 1180 WDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order July 11, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0000410-1977
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., DUBOW, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 31, 2017
Appellant, George Jones, appeals from the July 11, 2016 Order
entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County dismissing his
seventh Petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we affirm on the basis that
Appellant’s PCRA Petition is untimely and this Court, thus, lacks jurisdiction
to review the Petition.
On October 18, 1977, a jury convicted Appellant of Robbery and
related offenses for his participation in an armed robbery of an insurance
agency that resulted in the shooting of a police officer. The trial court
subsequently sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of thirty to sixty
years’ incarceration. On September 12, 1980, this Court affirmed
Appellant’s Judgment of Sentence, and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
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denied Appellant’s Petition for Allowance of Appeal on December 22, 1980.1
See Certified Record, Docket Entry 25. Appellant did not seek review by the
United States Supreme Court. Appellant’s Judgment of Sentence, therefore,
became final on March 23, 1981.2 See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3); U.S. Sup.
Ct. R. 13.
On March 28, 2016, more than thirty-five years after his Judgment of
Sentence became final, Appellant filed the instant pro se PCRA Petition, his
seventh, raising claims of a newly-recognized constitutional right and newly-
discovered facts.3 On March 29, 2016, the PCRA court issued a Notice of
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1
We note that this Court has previously stated, in numerous filings, that the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Appellant’s Petition for Allowance of
Appeal on December 8, 1980. Our review of the certified record reveals that
the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied the Petition for Allowance of Appeal
on December 18, 1980, and docketed the Order on December 22, 1980.
See Certified Record, Docket Entry 25. This change in date does not affect
our disposition.
2
March 22, 1981 was a Sunday. See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908.
3
Appellant’s Petition is entitled “Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Pursuant
to the Post Conviction Relief Act Statutes.” It is well established that the
PCRA is intended to be the sole means of achieving post-conviction relief.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9542. Moreover, “the writ of habeas corpus has been
subsumed into the PCRA for claims that are cognizable under the [PCRA.]”
Commonwealth v. Dickerson, 900 A.2d 407, 412 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citation omitted). Accordingly, we will treat Appellant’s Petition as a
Petition filed under the PCRA. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Deaner, 779
A.2d 578, 580 (Pa. Super. 2001) (concluding a collateral petition that raises
an issue that the PCRA statute could remedy is to be considered a PCRA
petition).
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Intention to Dismiss Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 (“Notice to Dismiss”)
advising Appellant of its intent to dismiss his Petition without a hearing
because the Petition was untimely. Appellant filed a timely pro se response
entitled Relator’s Response to the Court’s Notice of Intention to Dismiss
Pursuant to Rule 907 (“Response”). On July 11, 2016, after consideration of
Appellant’s Response, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s Petition without
a hearing. Appellant timely appealed.
Appellant raises the following two issues on appeal:
1. Whether the record supports the learned court’s factual
conclusions?
2. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law failing to hold an
evidentiary hearing?
Appellant’s Brief at vii (some capitalization omitted).
We review the denial of a PCRA Petition to determine whether the
record supports the PCRA court’s findings and whether its Order is otherwise
free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa.
2014). There is no right to a PCRA hearing; a hearing is unnecessary where
the PCRA court can determine from the record that there are no genuine
issues of material fact. Commonwealth v. Jones, 942 A.2d 903, 906 (Pa.
Super. 2008).
Before addressing the merits of Appellant’s claims, we must first
determine whether we have jurisdiction to entertain the underlying PCRA
Petition. See Commonwealth v. Hackett, 956 A.2d 978, 983 (Pa. 2008)
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(explaining that the timeliness of a PCRA Petition is a jurisdictional
requisite). Under the PCRA, any Petition “including a second or subsequent
petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes
final[.]” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A Judgment of Sentence becomes final
“at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the
Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,
or at the expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(3). The PCRA’s timeliness requirements are jurisdictional in nature,
and a court may not address the merits of the issues raised if the PCRA
petition was not timely filed. Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091,
1093 (Pa. 2010).
Here, it is undisputed that Appellant filed the instant PCRA Petition well
beyond the one-year time limitation set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1) and
that his Petition is facially untimely.4
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4
We recognize that Appellant was convicted and sentenced prior to the
January 16, 1996 amendments to the PCRA, governing the time within which
petitions must be filed. Our Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held, “where
the conviction became final before the effective date of the act, January 16,
1996, a PCRA petition, in order to be timely, must be filed within one year of
the effective date of the act, and it must be the first PCRA petition to be
eligible for this one year grace period.” Commonwealth v. Crawley, 739
A.2d 108, 109 (Pa. 1999). Additionally, “there is no provision of a grace
period for the filing of a second petition.” Id. Thus, Appellant’s seventh
PCRA Petition remains facially untimely.
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However, Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA
petition, if the appellant pleads and proves one of the three exceptions set
forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). Any petition invoking a timeliness
exception must be filed within sixty days of the date the claim could have
been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
Appellant initially invokes the Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) exception to
challenge the legality of his sentence, which allows an untimely filing if the
petition asserts a “constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme
Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the
time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply
retroactively.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
Although a legality of sentence claim cannot be waived, it must be
timely raised, i.e., within sixty days of the date the claim could have been
presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2); Commonwealth v. Jones, 932 A.2d
179, 182 (Pa. Super. 2007); Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223
(Pa. 1999) (holding that ”[a]lthough legality of sentence is always subject to
review within the PCRA, claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits
or one of the exceptions thereto”).
In support of his challenge, Appellant relies on the holding in
Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (U.S. 2016). In Montgomery,
the United States Supreme Court held that the rule announced in Miller v.
Alabama, 132 S.Ct. 2455 (U.S. 2012), prohibiting mandatory life sentences
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without parole for juvenile offenders, is a substantive constitutional rule that
applies retroactively on state collateral review. In this case, Appellant was
not a juvenile at the time of his crime and did not receive a mandatory life
sentence. Thus, Miller does not apply.
Nevertheless, Appellant argues that the holding in Miller should be
extended to him because he was twenty-five years old at the time of the
crime and “science has concluded that there are structural immaturities
present in brains that are chronologically below the age of [twenty-six].”
Appellant’s Brief at 8. This Court has previously rejected this argument.
In Commonwealth v. Cintora, 69 A.3d 759 (Pa. Super. 2013), the
appellants, who were twenty-one and nineteen years old at the time of their
crimes, argued that the holding in Miller should be extended to them on
post-collateral review because they were under twenty-five years of age at
the time they committed a murder, and, as such, had immature brains. This
Court declined to extend the holding in Miller to appellants and concluded,
“we need not reach the merits of [a]ppellants’ argument, as their contention
that a newly-recognized constitutional right should be extended to others
does not render their petition timely pursuant to section 9545(b)(1)(iii).”
Id. at 764 (emphasis in original).
We recently reaffirmed Cintora’s holding in Commonwealth v.
Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016). In Furgess, the appellant – who
was nineteen years old when he committed his crimes – asserted that Miller
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should apply to him because he was a “technical juvenile” based on
“neuroscientific theories regarding immature brain development . . . .” Id.
at 94. Relying on Cintora, this Court once again rejected the argument that
Miller should extended to individuals with immature brains and restated
that “petitioners who were older than [eighteen] at the time they committed
murder are not within the ambit of the Miller decision and therefore may
not rely on that decision to bring themselves within the time-bar exception
in Section 9545(b)(1)(iii).” Id.
In light of our holdings in Cintora and Furgess, Appellant’s contention
that Miller should apply to him fails, and, thus, Appellant failed to plead and
prove that a newly-recognized constitutional right applied to him.
Appellant next invokes the Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) exception to
challenge his conviction, which allows an untimely filing if the petition
asserts newly-discovered facts. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). To prevail
under this section, Appellant is required to establish that: (1) the fact upon
which he bases his claim was unknown to him; and (2) he could not have
discovered the fact through due diligence. Commonwealth v. Cox, 146
A.3d 221, 230 (Pa. 2016); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). “Due diligence does
not require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but merely a showing the
party has put forth reasonable effort to obtain the information upon which a
claim is based.” Cox, supra at 230 (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted). As stated previously, a petition invoking this exception must be
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filed within sixty days of the date the claim could have been presented. 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
In his PCRA Petition, Appellant contends that his “co-defendants”
Rodney Jackson and Wayne Hawthorne were both unavailable to testify at
trial because they escaped custody, and that their testimony would provide
exculpatory evidence that Appellant did not shoot the police officer or
commit the robbery. See PCRA Petition, filed 3/28/16, at 2. After the PCRA
court issued the Notice to Dismiss stating that Appellant’s PCRA Petition was
barred by the one-year statute of limitations, Appellant filed a Response
asserting, inter alia, that he filed the PCRA Petition within sixty days of
discovering that both witnesses were willing to testify. Appellant stated:
“both have resisted coming forward for their own reasons until March 1,
2016. This exonerating testimony was completely unavailable to [Appellant]
until now in spite of his due diligence. The instant petition was filed March
25, 2016.” Response, filed 4/22/16, at 3.
Appellant failed to plead and prove that he filed the instant PCRA
Petition within sixty days of the date that the claim could have been
presented as required by Section 9545(b)(2). In his Response, after the
PCRA court notified him that his Petition was untimely, Appellant
conveniently designated March 1, 2016, as the day that he discovered both
witnesses were willing to testify. Appellant does not explain any of the
circumstances surrounding this discovery, including why the witnesses were
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unwilling to testify for the last thirty-five years since his judgment became
final, what changed their collective minds, and how he actually learned of
their willingness to testify.
In failing to explain the circumstances surrounding his discovery of
this new fact – that both witnesses are now willing to testify – Appellant also
fails to plead and prove that this fact was previously unknown to him and
that he could not have discovered this fact through due diligence. Although
he asserted in his Response that he had exercised due diligence, Appellant
does not convey the efforts he made in the thirty-five years since his
Judgment of Sentence became final. As such, Appellant does not qualify for
a time-bar exception under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
In conclusion, Appellant failed to plead and prove any of the timeliness
exceptions provided in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1), and the PCRA court properly
dismissed Appellant’s untimely Petition without an evidentiary hearing. The
record supports the PCRA court’s findings and its Order is free of legal error.
We, thus, affirm the denial of PCRA relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/31/2017
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