J-S50045-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: L.V.W., JR., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR APPEAL OF L.V.W., JR., A : PENNSYLVANIA
MINOR :
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: No. 3727 EDA 2016
Appeal from the Order November 2, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-45-JV-0000252-2014
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., MOULTON, J., and RANSOM, J.
MEMORANDUM BY RANSOM, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 14, 2017
Appellant, L.V.W., Jr., appeals from the dispositional order entered on
November 2, 2016, ordering Appellant and certain other individuals liable,
jointly and severally, to pay restitution in the amount of $9,598.00 to Elvin
Padilla (“Victim”), after Appellant was adjudicated delinquent for possession
of an instrument of crime.1 We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows. Appellant
unlawfully entered into the residence of Victim with five others, including
other juveniles, between October 1, 2014, and October 15, 2014. See
Petition Alleging Delinquency, at 2 (filed 12/14/2014). In December 2014,
the Commonwealth filed a petition alleging delinquency against Appellant,
who was fifteen years old at the time of the incident. See id. Appellant was
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1
See 18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).
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charged with criminal trespass and possession of an instrument of crime.2
See id.
At an adjudicatory hearing on October 5, 2015, Appellant tendered an
admission and was adjudicated delinquent. See Adjudicatory Hearing Order,
10/5/2015, at 1. The juvenile court found Appellant’s admission to
possession of an instrument of crime substantiated by the evidence, and the
charge of criminal trespass was withdrawn. See id. at 3.
Following a dispositional hearing on October 23, 2015, the juvenile
court imposed financial conditions upon Appellant, including the payment of
court costs and of restitution. See Dispositional Hearing Order, 10/23/2015.
In addition, Appellant was placed at Summit Academy. See id. Appellant
objected to the amount of restitution of $13,598.00 (joint and several with
other codefendants). See id. A dispositional review hearing was held on
April 26, 2016; however, the issue of restitution was postponed. See Notes
of Testimony (N.T.), 4/26/2016, at 9.
In September 2016, Appellant filed a counseled motion for a
restitution hearing. A restitution hearing was held on October 21, 2016.
The Commonwealth presented evidence that three adults and two juveniles
had been found to be jointly and severally liable with Appellant to Victim by
other judges. See N.T., 10/21/2016, at 2. Two individuals were ordered to
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2
See 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3503(a)(1)(i), 907(a), respectively.
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pay restitution in the amount of $1,000.00, and one other individual was
ordered to pay $2,000.00. Id. The Commonwealth proposed that Appellant
remained liable for the total amount of damages claimed by the victim
reduced by the amount those three individuals were ordered to pay. Id. at
2-3.
The juvenile court provided an accounting of restitution orders against
all six co-defendants. See Trial Ct. Op., 11/3/2016, at 2. The court found
Appellant liable for the total amount of damages claimed by the Victim of
$13,598.00, less $4,000.00 for which others had been found liable. See id.
The court ordered that Appellant pay Victim restitution in the amount of
$9,598, described as “joint and several with Johnathyn White at Docket
#630 CR 2015 and S.H. at Docket #250 JV 2014.” Order, 11/2/2016.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal and court-ordered 1925(b)
statement. Appellant’s sole issue for review is:
Whether the [juvenile] [c]ourt erred as a matter of law by
ordering [Appellant] to pay restitution in the amount of $9,598
when the Commonwealth failed to meet its burden of proving the
relation between the [Appellant’s] actions and the restitution
amount owed.
Appellant's Br. at 5.
A juvenile court’s statutory authority to issue an order of restitution is
set forth in Section 6352 of the Juvenile Act. In re M.W., 725 A.2d 729,
732 (Pa. 1999); 42 Pa.C.S. § 6352. “Dispositions which are not set forth in
the Act are beyond the power of the juvenile court.” In re J.J., 848 A.2d
1014, 1016-1017 (Pa. Super. 2004). Nevertheless, “[t]he Juvenile Act
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grants broad discretion to the court when determining an appropriate
disposition. We will not disturb a disposition absent a manifest abuse of
discretion.” In re R.D.R., 876 A.2d 1009, 1013 (Pa. Super. 2005) (internal
citation omitted). “In reviewing an order of restitution, discretion is abused
where the order is speculative or excessive or lacks support in the record.”
Commonwealth v. B.D.G., 959 A.2d 362, 367 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citations
omitted).
First, Appellant contends that the juvenile court failed to take into
account “evidence concerning the actual damages and corresponding
restitution owed by [Appellant], as required under the Juvenile Act.”
Appellant's Br. at 9. Appellant maintains the court “did not have any basis
of knowledge as to the facts of the case and [Appellant]’s specific
involvement” or “specific level of culpability that [Appellant] had in the
damages to the [V]ictim’s residence[.]” Id. According to Appellant, the
court did not know Appellant’s level of involvement because the delinquency
matter was assigned to a different judge. See id. (citing Notes of Testimony
(N.T.), 10/21/2016, at 6-7).
Second, Appellant contends that the juvenile court failed to consider
the “actual damages” caused by Appellant, but rather ordered him to pay
the remaining balance owed to the Victim after deducting contributions from
other co-defendants. Appellant's Br. at 9. Appellant maintains that the
court’s order “was not factually based upon direct evidence concerning the
actual damages to the residence caused by [Appellant][.]” Id.
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Contrary to Appellant’s contention, the juvenile court considered
Appellant’s involvement in its opinion. The court considered evidence that
Appellant was the first one to break into the Victim’s house. Trial Ct. Op.,
11/3/2016, at 2. Appellant was reportedly “the first to break into the house
and mak[e] it accessible to the other individuals.” Id. (citing Appellant’s
Social Summary). Then, “[Appellant] and his co-conspirators caused
damages and used the house as a ‘hang-out.’” Id.
Although the court did not preside over Appellant’s delinquency
proceedings, it relied on Appellant’s written admissions and the findings of
the Juvenile Probation Department. Id. at 1-2. The Department determined
that Appellant, Johnathyn White, and another minor (“S.H.”) had been
“mostly responsible for the damages due to their level of involvement at the
house.” Id. at 2. However, at the restitution hearing, Appellant “failed to
provide convincing evidence of why the restitution amount should be less
than the balance owed.” Id. at 2-3. The record supports the court’s finding
that Appellant offered “no evidence that lessened his actual involvement or
culpability in causing the damages.” Id. at 2-3.3
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3
At the restitution hearing, Appellant had argued there was a “disparity” in
the amount of restitution paid by other co-defendants. See N.T.,
10/21/2016, at 3. He stated that all co-defendants “were all in part
responsible for the damage to [Victim’s] home.” Id. Appellant asked the
court to “consider distributing the total amount of restitution due between all
[six] codefendants and cojuveniles.” Id
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The Juvenile Act authorizes the court to commit the juvenile to an
institution or under supervision of the court or other public authority. See
42 Pa.C.S. § 6352. “After adjudicating a child … delinquent, the juvenile
court’s authority is limited to selecting from options listed in [Section 6352
of the Juvenile] Act.” In re R.A., 761 A.2d 1220, 1224 (Pa. Super. 2000).
[O]ne of the purposes of the Juvenile Act is to hold children
accountable for their behavior. Accordingly, the Juvenile Act
authorizes the court to “order[] payment by the child of
reasonable amounts of money as fines, costs or restitution as
deemed appropriate as part of the plan of rehabilitation
concerning the nature of the acts committed and the earning
capacity of the child.”
Appeal of B.T.C., 868 A.2d 1203, 1204-1205 (Pa. Super. 2005) (quoting 42
Pa.C.S. § 6352(a)(5)).
Appellant’s argument regarding “actual damages” incorrectly invokes
language from Section 6352(a)(6), which pertains to restitution imposed as
part of a juvenile’s probation. See Appellant's Br. at 8 (quoting 2 Pa.C.S. §
6352(a)(6) (“An order of the terms of probation may include an appropriate
fine…not in excess of actual damages caused by the child[.]”)). Here,
restitution was imposed pursuant to Section 6352(a)(5). See Trial Ct. Op.,
11/3/2016, at 1. Unlike restitution imposed in connection with probation,
under Section 6352(a)(5) and underlying policies of the Juvenile Act, the
juvenile court has “a broad measure of discretion to apportion responsibility
for damages based upon the nature of the delinquent act and the earning
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capacity of the juvenile.” Appeal of B.T.C., 868 A.2d at 1204-1205 (citing
In re M.W., 725 A.2d at 732–733).
[I]n fashioning a restitution award the juvenile court must
consider the following four factors: ‘(1) [t]he amount of loss
suffered by the victim; (2) [t]he fact that defendant's action
caused the injury; (3) [t]he amount awarded does not exceed
defendant's ability to pay; [and] (4) [t]he type of payment that
will best serve the needs of the victim and the capabilities of the
defendant.’
B.D.G., 959 A.2d at 367 (“Dublinksi factors”) (quoting In Re Dublinski,
695 A.2d 827, 829 (Pa. Super. 1997)). In considering the second factor, the
juvenile court may engage in a “but for” analysis, i.e., “[the juvenile] will be
liable for restitution for all damages which would not have occurred but for
[the juvenile’s] criminal conduct.” B.D.G., 959 A.2d at 367 (quoting
Dublinski, 695 A.2d at 830).
In this case, the juvenile court considered all of the Dublinski factors.
First, the court considered the evidence that the total amount of damages
reported by Victim was $13,598.00. See Trial Ct. Op., 11/3/2016, at 2.
Second, the court found that Appellant should be jointly and severally liable
for the amount of damages remaining after deducting the amounts of
restitution that other, less culpable defendants were ordered to pay. Id. at
2. Third, the court found that Appellant “failed to show he was incapable of
paying the restitution” reasoning that Appellant turned eighteen on
December 11, 2016. Id. at 3. The court found him “capable of working and
[that] the restitution amount is not unreasonable nor impossible for him to
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pay.” Id. Fourth, the court reasoned that joint and several liability with the
other two co-defendants was the best means to compensate Victim. See id.
(“The victim needs to be made whole as efficiently as possible.”). Although
Appellant argued at the restitution hearing that the order may impact his
ability to go away to college, the court found that “there was no reason
presented to divide the amount equally or to deviate from the legal standard
of joint and several liability.” Id.
Based on Dublinski, supra, it was not necessary for the trial court to
consider whether Appellant actually caused the specific damages.
Considering the evidence that Appellant was the one who initially broke into
the house, it was reasonable for the court to conclude that but for
Appellant’s conduct, no damages would have been incurred by the Victim.
Moreover, the juvenile court opinion presented an accounting of the
restitutionary orders relevant to this Victim’s damages and appropriately
reduced the total claim by $4,000.00. The remaining amount of restitution
imposed was fairly apportioned to the three individuals found to be primarily
responsible, S.H., White, and Appellant. This method was reasonable and
the record supports the trial court’s conclusions.
Based on the record, the amount of restitution imposed by the juvenile
court fairly holds Appellant accountable for his actual conduct. See B.T.C.,
supra (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6352). Accordingly, we discern no abuse of
discretion in the amount of restitution imposed.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 9/14/2017
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In the Int. of: L.V.W., Jr., a Minor
Combined Opinion