In re A.M.

[Cite as In re A.M., 2017-Ohio-7653.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )

IN RE: A.M. C.A. No. 16CA010995
R.M.
I.A.

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
CASE Nos. 14 JC 42939
14 JC 42940
14 JC 42941

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: September 18, 2017

CARR, Presiding Judge.

{¶1} Appellant Mother appeals the judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common

Pleas, Juvenile Division, that awarded legal custody of her three children to their maternal great

aunt and uncle (“Aunt” and “Uncle”). This Court affirms.

I.

{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of A.M. (d.o.b. 11/13/05), R.M. (d.o.b. 2/25/09),

and I.A. (d.o.b. 4/20/10).1 Father V. is the established father of A.M. Father A. is the

established father of I.A. Paternity of R.M. has not been established, and Mother has not

identified any man who might be that child’s father. None of the fathers are parties to this

appeal.

1
Mother also has two older children (B.M. and A.H.) who were subjects of agency complaints
seeking temporary custody to those children’s father. In addition, Mother testified that she has a
sixth child who has been in the legal custody of her maternal grandmother since infancy, but
there was no other information about her. These three children are not subjects of this appeal.
 2

{¶3} In July 2014, Lorain County Children Services (“LCCS”) filed complaints

alleging the children to be neglected and dependent, based on lack of adequate parental care

because of the faults or habits of the parents (R.C. 2151.03(A)(2)); neglect or refusal to provide

proper or necessary care (R.C. 2151.03(A)(3)); and conditions or environment warranting the

state, in the interests of the children, in assuming their guardianship (R.C. 2151.04(C)). The

complaint further sought an award of temporary custody to Aunt and Uncle. After an

adjudicatory hearing, all three children were adjudicated neglected and dependent. After

bifurcated dispositional hearings, A.M., R.M., and I.A. were all placed in the temporary custody

of Aunt and Uncle with an order of protective supervision by LCCS. The juvenile court adopted

the agency’s proposed case plan and made it an order of the court.

{¶4} By March 2015, Aunt and Uncle had filed motions for legal custody of the three

children. At the annual review hearing in July 2015, the magistrate noted that LCCS supported

an award of legal custody to relatives, because reunification was not possible as Mother had not

complied with her case plan objectives. The juvenile court maintained the children in the

temporary custody of Aunt and Uncle at that time, retaining protective supervision by the

agency.

{¶5} The final dispositional hearing took place before the magistrate over three days in

May, July, and August 2015. In early September 2015, the magistrate issued a decision granting

legal custody to Aunt and Uncle and terminating the order of protective supervision. The

juvenile court adopted the decision the same day. Mother filed objections to the magistrate’s

decision.2 Mother supplemented her objections after obtaining a transcript of the dispositional

2
Mother filed objections 15 days after the filing of the decision. Although her objections appear
to have been untimely pursuant to Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(b)(i), the magistrate’s decision did not contain
the required conspicuous notice pursuant to Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(a)(iii) regarding the filing of
 3

hearings. She limited her objections to challenging the magistrate’s finding that an award of

legal custody to Aunt and Uncle was in the best interest of the children. Specifically, Mother

argued that the evidence demonstrated that she was an appropriate caregiver for the children

while Aunt and Uncle were not. She raised no objection to the finding that LCCS had used

reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the children and eliminate their continued removal

from the home. Both Aunt and Uncle and LCCS filed briefs in opposition to Mother’s

objections.3

{¶6} On January 4, 2016, the juvenile court issued its judgment overruling Mother’s

objections and awarding legal custody of A.M., R.M., and I.A. to Aunt and Uncle. The trial

court further ordered, inter alia, supervised visitation for Mother and Father V. On August 5,

2016, Mother filed her notice of appeal. After requiring briefing by the parties regarding the

timeliness of the appeal, this Court provisionally found that we had jurisdiction to consider

Mother’s appeal. LCCS has argued again in its appellee’s brief that Mother’s appeal is untimely

filed. However, the agency has not raised any additional grounds or arguments to cause this

Court to revisit our preliminary finding of jurisdiction. Because we have concluded that Mother

timely filed her notice of appeal on August 5, 2016, this Court has jurisdiction to consider the

merits of her appeal. Mother raises three assignments of error for review. We rearrange and

consolidate some assignments of error to facilitate review.

II.

objections. Instead, in contravention to the rules, the court appended such notice to its judgment
entry adopting the magistrate’s decision. Accordingly, in the absence of the requisite notice on
the magistrate’s decision regarding the filing of objections, we cannot say that Mother’s
objections were untimely. Moreover, no party challenged the timeliness of the objections.

3
Father V.’s attorney filed a brief in response to Mother’s objections, asserting that Father V.’s
position was unknown due to his client’s failure to contact him regarding the objections.
 4

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FINDING
THAT THE AGENCY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO PREVENT THE
CONTINUED REMOVAL OF THE CHILDREN FROM THE HOME.

{¶7} Mother argues that LCCS did not use reasonable efforts to reunify the children

with Mother. The assignment of error is not well taken.

{¶8} Mother failed to preserve this issue for appeal by failing to object to the

magistrate’s finding that the agency used reasonable efforts to prevent the continued removal of

the children from Mother’s home. Although Mother filed objections to the magistrate’s decision,

she limited her objections to challenging the weight of the evidence on the issue of the best

interest of the children.

{¶9} Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(b)(iv) provides:

Except for a claim of plain error, a party shall not assign as error on appeal the
court’s adoption of any factual finding or legal conclusion, whether or not
specifically designated as a finding of fact or conclusion of law under Juv.R.
40(D)(3)(a)(ii), unless the party has objected to that finding or conclusion as
required by Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(b).

Therefore, “[w]hen a party fails to raise an issue in the party’s objections to the magistrate’s

decision, it may not be raised for the first time on appeal.” Varner v. Varner, 9th Dist. Wayne

No. 06CA0024, 2007-Ohio-675, ¶ 22. As Mother failed to challenge the agency’s use of

reasonable efforts in her objections, this Court cannot address that issue on appeal.

{¶10} Moreover, Mother has not alleged plain error. We decline to undertake such an

analysis on her behalf. See State v. Bowerman, 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0059-M, 2014-Ohio-

4264, ¶ 16. Mother’s second assignment of error is overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION TO GRANT LEGAL CUSTODY TO
[AUNT AND UNCLE] RATHER THAN ALLOW FOR A SIX-MONTH
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EXTENSION OF TEMPORARY CUSTODY CONSTITUTED AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION, AS IT WAS NOT IN THE CHILDREN’S BEST INTERESTS
TO BE PLACED IN THE LEGAL CUSTODY OF [AUNT AND UNCLE] AND
WAS IN THE CHILDREN’S BEST INTERESTS TO ALLOW MOTHER TO
HAVE AN EXTENSION OF TIME TO COMPLETE HER CASE PLAN.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

THE TRIAL COURT’S JUDGMENT GRANTING LEGAL CUSTODY OF THE
CHILDREN TO [AUNT AND UNCLE] AND DENYING MOTHER’S
REQUEST FOR A SIX-MONTH EXTENSION WAS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

{¶11} In her first and third assignments of error, Mother argues that the juvenile court’s

award of legal custody to Aunt and Uncle was contrary to the best interest of the children and

against the manifest weight of the evidence. This Court disagrees.

On appeal, an award of legal custody will not be reversed if the judgment is
supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Preponderance of the evidence
entails the greater weight of the evidence, evidence that is more probable,
persuasive, and possesses greater probative value. In other words, when the best
interest of the child is established by the greater weight of the evidence, the trial
court does not have discretion to enter a judgment that is adverse to that interest.
Thus, our standard of review is whether a legal custody decision is against the
manifest weight of the evidence.

(Internal citations and quotations omitted.) In re M.F., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 15CA010823, 2016-

Ohio-2685, ¶ 7.

{¶12} In considering whether the juvenile court’s judgment is against the manifest

weight of the evidence, this Court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers

the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the

[finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the

[judgment] must be reversed and a new [hearing] ordered.” (Internal quotations and citations

omitted.) Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. When weighing the

evidence, this Court “must always be mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact.”

Id. at ¶ 21.
 6

{¶13} “Following an adjudication of neglect, dependency, or abuse, the juvenile court’s

determination of whether to place a child in the legal custody of a parent or a relative is based

solely on the best interest of the child.” In re K.H., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27952, 2016-Ohio-

1330, ¶ 12. The statutory scheme regarding an award of legal custody does not include a specific

test or set of criteria, but Ohio courts agree that the juvenile court must base its decision to award

legal custody on the best interest of the child. In re B.B., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 15CA010880,

2016-Ohio-7994, ¶ 18, quoting In re N.P., 9th Dist. Summit No. 21707, 2004-Ohio-110, ¶ 23. In

that regard, the juvenile court is guided by the best interest factors enunciated in R.C.

2151.414(D) relating to permanent custody. In re B.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24187, 2008-

Ohio-5003, ¶ 9, citing In re T.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 22954, 2006-Ohio-4468, ¶ 17. Those

factors include the interaction and interrelationships of the child, the child’s wishes, the custodial

history of the child, the child’s need for permanence, and whether any of the factors in R.C.

2151.414(E)(7)-(11) are applicable. R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a)-(e); see also In re B.C., 9th Dist.

Summit Nos. 26976, 26977, 2014-Ohio-2748, ¶ 16. In addition, the juvenile court may also look

to the best interest factors in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) for guidance. In re K.A., 9th Dist. Lorain Nos.

15CA010850, 15CA010860, 2017-Ohio-1, ¶ 17. While some factors overlap with those above,

others include the child’s adjustment to her environment; the mental and physical health of all

persons involved; the parents’ history of providing support and honoring companionship orders;

certain indicia of violence, abuse, or neglect in any household involved; and whether a parent

plans to or has established a residence outside of Ohio. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1).

{¶14} LCCS had received numerous referrals concerning a lack of supervision, domestic

violence issues, substance abuse, mental health issues, and a failure to meet the children’s basic

needs in Mother’s home. In fact, Mother admitted that LCCS had been involved in her life and
 7

the lives of her various children for 15 years. Before filing the complaints in this case, the

agency was able to create a safety plan for the children by enlisting the help of Aunt and Uncle.

After Mother’s boyfriend broke into Aunt’s and Uncle’s house shortly thereafter, the agency

filed their complaints based on ongoing concerns arising out of Mother’s lifestyle and choices.

{¶15} A.M. was almost 10 years old at the conclusion of the legal custody hearing. He

had been primarily in Aunt’s and Uncle’s care and physical custody since the age of two, and

there was a strong bond among the three. All three children have been placed with Aunt and

Uncle since June 2014, where all their basic needs are being met. The two older children attend

parochial school, where they excel academically and participate in extracurricular sports. As a

retired school athletic director, Aunt encourages the children’s participation in physical

activities; and the children reportedly enjoy all the activities in which they are enrolled. I.A. has

some developmental disabilities arising from a stroke during infancy. Although he experiences

some paralysis in one leg, limited movement in one hand, and difficulty speaking, he too is

encouraged by Aunt and Uncle to participate in sports and other physical activity, which has

significantly improved his mobility.

{¶16} A neighbor described Aunt and Uncle as good influences on the children based on

her observations of their interactions. She testified that Uncle and A.M. appear to be good

“buddies.” Since the children’s placement with Aunt and Uncle, the neighbor noted the stark

change in I.A.’s behavior. When he first arrived, I.A. seemed “feral.” After a short time in the

care of Aunt and Uncle, the child ceased “growl[ing]” and began to hug people.

{¶17} Mother raised concerns that Aunt and Uncle use harsh disciplinary measures,

including corporal punishment, on the children. Aunt and Uncle asserted that the children lacked

any discipline or guidance in Mother’s home. Uncle testified that A.M. is a reasonable child, and
 8

that verbal reprimands are generally adequate to correct his behavior. Uncle admitted using

corporal punishment, specifically a “swat” on their “bottoms” when they put themselves or

others in danger. For example, when I.A. rode his three-wheeler into the road, Uncle spanked

him. Aunt admitted to slapping R.M.’s face on one occasion after the child had begun screaming

hysterically. Aunt testified that that was the only time she had ever hit any of the children.

Although this Court has concerns and does not countenance slapping a child in the face, this

appears to have been an isolated incident. After investigating these allegations, neither the

caseworker nor the guardian ad litem were concerned that Aunt or Uncle had abused the children

or acted in an inappropriately harsh manner. There was one additional incident in which I.A.

presented with a cut on his leg. Uncle explained that that occurred as the child played outside.

There was no evidence to the contrary. In addition, none of the children ever reported to the

caseworker or guardian ad litem that Aunt or Uncle was hitting or otherwise physically harming

them.

{¶18} Mother further raised a concern that Uncle drank a lot, smoked marijuana, and

had a felony conviction. Uncle admitted that he will drink a beer or two in front of the children

if he is grilling food outside. He also admitted that he had smoked marijuana when he was

younger and in school. Uncle was 61 years old when he testified. LCCS asked Uncle to submit

to a drug screen. The results of the screen were negative. Finally, Uncle admitted that he had

served six months in prison for conversion of government property to private use. He had no

convictions for any violent offenses.

{¶19} Mother was permitted to have one two-hour supervised visitation with the

children at the agency. As of the first day of hearing, Mother had been sporadically exercising

her visitation at LCCS. The caseworker described the visits as inconsistent and chaotic,
 9

especially when Mother’s two older children were included in the visits, and Mother had to split

her attention amongst five children. The guardian reported that B.M. and A.H. often “oversaw”

their three younger siblings during early visits, when Mother proved incapable of monitoring all

the children at once. Mother was more focused on her cell phone than on interacting with the

children, often slipping away to speak on the phone in private when she was supposed to be

monitoring the children in the bathroom. When she did attend to the children, Mother would

focus her attention on only one child at a time. She did not readily engage the children when

they acted out; but when she did, she yelled at them instead of correcting their behavior.

{¶20} The guardian ad litem reported that Mother brought an unidentified baby to one of

the visitations, when she should have been focusing on her own children. On the second day of

hearing, the guardian reported that Mother had missed so many of her 46 scheduled visits that it

was hard to fathom that she wanted to parent the children. By the time of the third day of

hearing, Mother had ceased visiting with the children at the agency, coordinating instead with

Aunt to arrange for her to supervise Mother’s visits at a private location. Although Aunt was not

under any obligation to allow and supervise such visitation, she cooperated with Mother to allow

her time to visit with the children. Aunt described some of Mother’s visits with the children as

great, while others were not. Aunt testified that Mother verbally threatens the children when

they misbehave, but otherwise Mother provides no discipline.

{¶21} Father V. had no interaction with A.M. prior to this case. At first visitations went

well. Father V. was appropriate and engaged with the child. As time went on and tensions

developed between Father V. and his parents who supervised visits, it became more difficult to

coordinate visitation. In addition, Father V. got a job which conflicted with his scheduled

visitation time. Although Father V., his parents, and Aunt tried to work out an alternate time for
 10

visitation, they were unable to coordinate schedules. Instead of petitioning the court for an

alternative visitation time, Father V. decided to forego visitation and wait for the legal custody

hearing.

{¶22} The children had been in the temporary custody of Aunt and Uncle for over a year

by the conclusion of the legal custody hearing. Aunt and Uncle were meeting all their basic

needs. All three children were happy and thriving. Their living environments had become

stable. In addition, Aunt and Uncle facilitated Mother’s and Father V.’s involvement in the

children’s lives. They provided schedules of extracurricular activities to the parents, so they

could attend events if they so desired. In addition, Aunt picked up Mother and took her to I.A.’s

medical appointments whenever Mother was available and wanted to attend. Aunt testified that,

although I.A. has six or seven medical appointments each month, Mother typically attends no

more than one per month.

{¶23} A.M. told the guardian ad litem that he did not want to leave Aunt’s and Uncle’s

home, particularly as he had been in their care for most of his life. R.M. told the guardian that

she wants to visit and play with Mother, but she did not indicate a desire to live with Mother.

Due to I.A.’s medically-related speech deficiencies, he was not able to express his wishes to the

guardian. The guardian recommended that Aunt and Uncle be awarded legal custody of all three

children and that the agency’s protective supervision be terminated. The LCCS caseworker

asserted that the agency supported Aunt’s and Uncle’s motions for legal custody of the children.

{¶24} Neither Mother nor Father V. had filed motions for legal custody. On the first

day of hearing, Father V. testified that he supported an award of legal custody of A.M. to Aunt

and Uncle. On the third day of hearing three months later, he testified that he believed that Aunt

and Uncle no longer had A.M.’s best interest at heart. He explained that Aunt told him she
 11

would look to see what day would work to accommodate Father V.’s schedule for visitation after

Father V. obtained a job and had to work on his court-ordered visitation day. Father V.

interpreted Aunt’s statement as indicative of an uncooperative attitude, although he did not

explain why Aunt’s assertion that she would work to find a day that worked for visitation was

adverse to either his ability to see the child or the best interest of A.M. Father V. concluded that

he believed that it was in A.M.’s best interest to be either in his legal custody or in Mother’s

legal custody. In the alternative, he requested a standard order of visitation. He added that his

parents are no longer willing to supervise his visitation.

{¶25} Father V. has an extensive criminal history, including convictions for sexual

battery, failure to register as a sex offender, felony assault, misdemeanor assault (against a

former live-in girlfriend), attempted burglary, probation violations, drunk and disorderly, and

trespassing. He was still on probation for misdemeanor assault at the time of the hearing.

{¶26} He shares a two-bedroom apartment with a current girlfriend. Father V.’s other

son (a 13-year old) by another woman stays with them 3-5 days a week, even though that child’s

mother has legal custody. Father V. has a part-time job earning approximately $400 per month,

as well as “under-the-table” opportunities that may be available. His rent is $550 per month. In

addition, he is $2000 in arrears on child support for his other child, and $10,000 in arrears on

child support for A.M. He also owes over $1000 in municipal court fines. Father V. admitted

that he is unable to meet his own basic needs, let alone those of a child or two, without the help

of his girlfriend of ten months.

{¶27} Father V. has been a long-time user of marijuana, and testified that he and Mother

have smoked marijuana together “numerous, countless times.” On the third day of the hearing,

he claimed to have stopped using marijuana, and testified that he had not used in 27 days. Three
 12

months earlier, he had testified that he last smoked marijuana 17 days prior. LCCS had not

conducted any recent drug tests on Father V. to confirm his drug use, because he admitted to the

caseworker that he was a regular marijuana smoker and planned to remain so.

{¶28} Father V. asserted that he was ready to take A.M. home, because he has adequate

living space and food, there is no domestic violence or “bad traffic” in his home, he works, and

he has all the “creature comforts” including a swimming pool and a house full of electronics. He

described A.M. as a “self-reliant” child who requires no special tending. Father V. has no valid

driver’s license, and relies on his girlfriend for transportation.

{¶29} Although Father V. also supported an award of legal custody of A.M. to Mother,

he admitted that she does not make the best decisions, has “things that she may need to work

out,” and needs counseling. He testified that he believed the child nonetheless would be safe

with Mother, because he would be fed, clothed, enrolled in school, and have the opportunity to

see his father. Father V. testified that Mother’s bad choices have only been “self-destructive,”

rather than harmful to her children.

{¶30} The caseworker, guardian ad litem, and Aunt and Uncle all expressed concerns

about Mother’s ability to care for the children. Specifically, they had concerns about Mother’s

friends, which include drug users and physical abusers; the cluttered and dirty living conditions

in her home; Mother’s drug abuse and mental health issues; and her inability to meet the basic

needs of the children, including the inability to provide adequate supervision. LCCS developed a

case plan which the juvenile court adopted as an order. Mother’s case plan objectives included

that Mother: (1) submit to a drug and alcohol assessment, follow all recommendations, and

submit to screens; (2) submit to a mental health assessment and follow all recommendations; and

(3) meet the basic needs of the children, including learning to provide adequate supervision and
 13

maintaining safe and clean conditions in the home. Home safety issues also concerned Mother’s

association with people who were violent, used drugs, and had extensive criminal histories. As

part of her mental health objective, Mother was required to thoroughly discuss and address her

victimization in domestic violence situations, particularly those arising with her live-in boyfriend

M.K.

{¶31} Mother obtained a mental health/drug and alcohol assessment at Firelands, which

recommended individual weekly or biweekly counseling. Mother was quickly terminated from

that program in March 2015, because she failed to attend two sessions in a row. She then

submitted to a new assessment in May 2015, at Psych and Psych, where she was diagnosed with

anxiety issues, chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, and cannabis and alcohol dependency, for

which intensive outpatient treatment was recommended. It was also recommended that Mother

see a psychiatrist. Because Mother’s social anxiety militated against group counseling, Mother’s

counselor determined that she would need to first address her mental health issues before

addressing her substance abuse issues. Mother’s current treatment plan does not address

domestic violence issues and instead focuses on immediate issues, rather than historical ones.

{¶32} Although she was to attend biweekly counseling sessions, Mother only attended

four sessions in four months. Her counselor testified that she had ten more sessions left in her

treatment program. The counselor rated Mother’s prognosis as fair to good, noting that Mother

is engaged and invested in her treatment. Both the counselor and Mother conceded, however,

that based on Mother’s attendance, she would likely require another ten months to complete

those sessions. Furthermore, Mother testified that she was not sure that those ten additional

sessions would be enough to address her issues. Uncle agreed that Mother’s mental health issues

were not under control. He raised concerns about Mother’s mean alter ego, who Mother refers to
 14

as “Elizabeth.” Mother explained that “everybody becomes a different person when they’re

mad, not just me.” In addition, Mother never scheduled an appointment with a psychiatrist.

Accordingly, she had not completed the mental health component of her case plan, was unlikely

to have completed it in another six months, and had not even begun to comply with her substance

abuse treatment objective.

{¶33} Mother further failed to resolve her issues as a victim of domestic violence. The

caseworker observed her once during the case with a black eye. Although Mother told her that

I.A. had head-butted her during visitation, Mother later admitted that M.K. had hit her. M.K.

was in prison at the time of the legal custody hearings, after being convicted of breaking and

entering and burglary at Aunt’s and Uncle’s home. Although Mother vehemently asserted that

she was no longer in a relationship with M.K., her former abuser, three authenticated recent

emails from someone with Mother’s full name to M.K. in prison were read into the record. In

all, there were approximately 20 emails sent between M.K. and someone with Mother’s name,

according to a prison employee with authority to monitor such communications at the prison

where M.K. was held. Mother admitted to sending one email to M.K. to tell him to send

someone to pick up his belongings from her home and that she was sorry he had to deal with the

hardships of prison life, but she denied knowing anything about the other emails which

expressed affection. Mother speculated that M.K.’s current girlfriend hacked Mother’s email

account and sent emails to M.K., referencing circumstances particular to Mother, expressing

never-ending love, and signing off with Mother’s name. Although Mother asserted she had no

plans to reunite with M.K. upon his release from prison, she admitted that she still loved him

even though he destroyed her life, because they had been together for so long (6 years).
 15

{¶34} Aunt expressed concerns that Mother and M.K. would in fact reunite when he was

released from prison in a few months based on her history and ongoing contact with him. Aunt

explained that Mother had a history of engaging in relationships with men who were violent.

The caseworker also noted Mother’s poor relationship choices which had resulted in numerous

acts of domestic violence. Mother and her child, B.M., both told the caseworker that Mother is

currently in a relationship with someone. Mother refused to identify the man, however, because

she did not believe the caseworker had any business knowing.

{¶35} During the case, Mother never participated in any drug or alcohol treatment

programs. Although her mental health counselor advised delaying substance abuse treatment

until Mother had completed her mental health component, Mother was still required to submit to

drug screens. She tested positive for cocaine once during the case, and positive for marijuana

once in the midst of the legal custody hearings. In addition to the above-referenced domestic

violence issues with M.K., Mother and he spent a lot of time smoking marijuana together,

typically behind their bedroom door, thereby impacting Mother’s ability to supervise her

children.

{¶36} Mother was evicted from the home she had been renting from Aunt and Uncle for

four years. Uncle testified that she had failed to pay rent, brought dogs into the property in

violation of the lease, and generally allowed the environment in the home to deteriorate to the

point that she was living “in squalor.” Mother denied she failed to pay rent. She immediately

obtained alternate housing and was apparently current in her rent payments there. The home has

four bedrooms, beds for the children, and adequate food, although the caseworker found it to be

very cluttered, with dog feces on the floor, despite the caseworker’s visit having been

announced. Aunt testified that in the past she had helped Mother clean her home, on one
 16

occasion removing 35 bags of trash from the upstairs level alone and finding marijuana and

multiple pipes in Mother’s bedroom.

{¶37} Based on a review of the evidence, this is not the exceptional case where the

finder of fact clearly lost its way and created a manifest miscarriage of justice in awarding legal

custody of A.M., R.M., and I.A. to Aunt and Uncle. The critical inquiry before awarding legal

custody is to consider the current parenting abilities of each potential custodian and to determine

whether it is in the best interest of the children to be placed in the legal custody of any of them.

See In re K.C., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 26992, 26993, 2014-Ohio-372, ¶ 20.

{¶38} The evidence in this case established that Mother had struggled with mental

health and substance abuse issues throughout the lives of these children. She admitted that she

has not resolved her mental health issues and that she would likely require ongoing, long-term

counseling. She has not even begun to address her substance abuse issues, which historically

prevented her from properly supervising her children. Mother continued to smoke marijuana,

even during the course of the three-day legal custody hearing over three months. She has an

extensive history with LCCS, and her three older children are all in the legal custody of other

relatives. Although Mother has a part-time job, she does not earn enough to allow her to meet

the basic needs of the children. She has routinely relied on Aunt for financial support to pay

necessary expenses. Mother no longer has a car, and has frequently missed appointments due to

lack of transportation. Most unfortunately, Mother has a history of engaging in relationships

with men who subject her to domestic violence. She continued to maintain contact with her most

recent abuser even while he was in prison for burglarizing Aunt’s and Uncle’s home. The

children stand to be exposed to continued violence in the home, should they be returned to

Mother’s legal custody.
 17

{¶39} Father V. played no part in A.M.’s life for approximately nine years. He has

never paid child support for A.M., and owes approximately $10,000 in arrearages for that child

alone. He is also behind in child support payments for another child. Father V. only recently

obtained part-time employment after not working in six years. He admitted that he could not

afford to provide for his own basic needs, let alone the needs of a child, without the help of his

live-in girlfriend. He has an extensive criminal history, including convictions for assault against

a girlfriend and a sexually oriented offense.

{¶40} On the other hand, Aunt and Uncle have cared for A.M. for most of his life. They

continued to provide for the basic needs and beyond of all three children after they were placed

in their home. The children are bonded with Aunt and Uncle, and the two older children have

expressed a desire to remain with Aunt and Uncle. A.I. could not express his wishes due to

certain developmental delays, but witnesses testified that his multiple medical needs were being

met and he was thriving in Aunt’s and Uncle’s care. Aunt and Uncle have expressed every intent

to cooperate with Mother and Father V. to allow them the opportunity to visit with the children

and attend extracurricular activities. Aunt routinely transports Mother to any of I.A.’s medical

appointments she wishes to attend. Neither the caseworker nor the guardian ad litem had any

concerns regarding the use of excessive discipline by Aunt and Uncle. Both the caseworker and

the guardian recommended legal custody to Aunt and Uncle as being in the children’s best

interest. Under the circumstances, the juvenile court’s finding that an award of legal custody to

Aunt and Uncle was in the children’s best interest was not against the manifest weight of the

evidence.

{¶41} Moreover, this Court has held that “‘[w]here the trial court finds that it is in the

best interest of a child to be placed in legal custody as a permanent disposition, the trial court
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must necessarily deny an extension of temporary custody.’” In re B.C., 2014-Ohio-2748, at ¶ 22,

quoting In re C.M., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24380, 2009-Ohio-943, ¶ 24. Because we upheld the

juvenile court’s finding that an award of legal custody to Maternal Aunt and Uncle was in the

children’s best interest, we further conclude that the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion by

denying Mother’s request for a six-month extension of temporary custody.

{¶42} Mother’s first and third assignments of error are overruled.

III.

{¶43} Mother’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
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Costs taxed to Appellant.

DONNA J. CARR
FOR THE COURT

TEODOSIO, J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

DENISE FERGUSON, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and EMILY W. KIRSCH, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for Appellee.

WAYNE R. NICOL, Attorey at Law, for Appellees.

CLAUDE THOMPSON, Guardian ad Litem.

FATHER V., father of A.M.