NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 2 2017
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
GREGORIO RAMOS HERNANDEZ, No. 12-74218
Petitioner, Agency No. A071-595-495
v.
MEMORANDUM*
JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted September 26, 2017**
Before: SILVERMAN, TALLMAN, and N. R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.
Gregorio Ramos Hernandez, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for
review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal
from the immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his application for asylum,
withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence
the agency’s factual findings, Silaya v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 1066, 1070 (9th Cir.
2008), and we review de novo questions of law, Cerezo v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d
1163, 1166 (9th Cir. 2008). We deny the petition for review.
Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that the threats by
guerillas and Ramos Hernandez’s related experiences in Guatemala did not rise to
the level of persecution. See Gu v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1014, 1019 (9th Cir. 2006)
(explaining that persecution is an ‘extreme concept’) (internal citations omitted);
see also Lim v. INS, 224 F.3d 929, 936-37 (9th Cir. 2000) (“Threats standing alone
. . . constitute past persecution in only a small category of cases, and only when the
threats are so menacing as to cause significant actual ‘suffering or harm.’”)
(citation omitted). Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s conclusion that
Ramos Hernandez failed to establish his related fear of future persecution was
well-founded now that the civil war is over. See Molina-Estrada v. INS, 293 F.3d
1089, 1095-96 (9th Cir. 2002). We reject Ramos Hernandez’s estoppel contention
as to the government’s changed country conditions argument. See Morgan v.
Gonzales, 495 F.3d 1084, 1092 (9th Cir. 2007) (“A party seeking to raise estoppel
against the government must establish affirmative misconduct going beyond mere
negligence”). Finally, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that
Ramos Hernandez failed to establish that his fear of gangs and general violence in
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Guatemala is on account of a protected ground. See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d
1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (an applicant’s “desire to be free from harassment by
criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang members bears no nexus
to a protected ground”). Thus, his asylum claim fails.
In this case, because Ramos Hernandez failed to establish eligibility for
asylum, he did not satisfy the standard for withholding of removal. See Zehatye v.
Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182, 1190 (9th Cir. 2006).
Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s denial of Ramos
Hernandez’s CAT claim because he failed to establish it is more likely than not he
will be tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if
returned to Guatemala. See Silaya, 524 F.3d at 1073.
Finally, we do not consider Ramos Hernandez’s other contentions regarding
IJ error. See Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 992 (9th Cir. 2010) (“our review
is limited to the actual grounds relied upon by the BIA”) (citation and quotation
marks omitted).
PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
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