10/06/2017
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONT_ANA,
AF 11-0244 t'ILED Case Number: AF 11-0244
OCT 06 2017
Ed Smith
r-Pi< OF THE SUPREME COURT
IN RE THE RULES FOR ADMISSION
ORDER
TO THE BAR OF MONTANA
In July 2017, this Court adopted temporary arnendments to Rule 104 of the
Montana Board of Bar Exarniners' Rules as an interim means to accommodate examinees
who are breastfeeding. We invited comments on the arnendments and received several.
The Court extends its thanks to the Board of Bar Examiners for its review of the issue
and to all those who took the time to offer input on thc proposal.
After review and consideration of the comments to the temporary amendments, at
a public meeting on October 3, 2017, the Court determined that minor changes to the
interim rule are in order.
IT IS NOW ORDERED that the attached Montana Board of Bar Examiners'
Rules, including a new subsection F to Rule 104, are ADOPTED,effective immediately.
A copy of this Order and the attached rule shall be posted on the Court's website.
In addition, the Clerk is directed to provide copies of this Order and attachment to the
Executive Director and the Bar Admissions administrator of the State Bar of Montana
with the request that they be posted on the State Bar's website; to the Chair of the Board
of Bar Examiners; to Dean Paul Kirgis of the Alexander Blewett III School of Law; to the
State Law Library; to Todd Everts, Connie Dixon, and Molly Peterson at Montana
Legislative Services Division; to Helene Haapala and Scott Moe at Thomson Reuters;
and to Robert Roy and Patti Glueckert at LexisNexis.
Dated this 17 day of October, 2017.
Chief Justice
MONTANA SUPREME COURT BOARD OF BAR EXAMINERS'RULES
Rule 101 — Board of Bar Examiners.
A. Contact with Board of Bar Examiners. All correspondence or other
communications to the members of the Board of Bar Examiners must be directed
to the Bar Admissions Administrator, State Bar of Montana, P.O. Box 577,
Helena, MT 59624, phone (406) 442-7660. Applicants may not contact Board
members directly, unless given prior approval by the Bar Admissions
Adrnin istrator.
B. Public Request. Upon request, the Bar Admissions Administrator or the
Adrninistrator's designee may confirm that an individual has filed an application
for admission to the State Bar of Montana.
Rule 102 — Bar Examination Content, Certification, and Dates.
A. Examination Composition. The Uniform Bar Examination is prepared and
coordinated by the National Conference of Bar Examiners and comprises the
Multistate Essay Examination (MEE), two Multistate Performance Test tasks
(MPT), and the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE). It is uniformly administered,
graded, and scored by user jurisdictions and results in a portable score subject to
individual jurisdiction admission requirements. Applicants must sit for all
cornponents in the same administration to earn a Uniform Bar Examination score.
Scores from any one component of the Uniforrn Bar Examination may not be
carried forward to any subsequent exarnination. An applicant must sit for all
components of the Uniform Bar Examination in the sarne adrninistration to gain
admission to the State Bar of Montana.
B. Certification. An applicant may not sit for the Montana Uniforrn Bar
Examination unless the applicant has been duly certified or conditionally certified
by the Cornmission on Character and Fitness.
C. Dates of Examination. The Uniform Bar Examination is administered over two
days. The MBE is given annually on the last Wednesdays of February and July,
and the MEE and MPT are given on the preceding Tuesdays. Unless otherwise
directed by the Board, the February examinations are administered in Helena,
Montana, and the July examinations are administered in Missoula, Montana. The
exarnination facility is deterrnined by the Board.
D. Montana Law Seminar. A11 applicants must attend a Montana Law Seminar
(MLS)as a prerequisite to adrnission to the State Bar of Montana. The seminar is
held twice annually on the Thursday immediately following the administration of
the Uniform Bar Examination or other date directed by the Board.
The Board may establish a two-track approach to the MLS with all applicants
taking the same course in one session and splitting the other session into litigation
and commercial/transactional tracks. Lirnited portions of the MLS may be by
video, recorded, or live via video link.
Rule 103 — Examination, Administration, and Grading.
A. Attendance at Examination. An applicant rnay not be admitted to a Uniforrn
Bar Examination session more than one-half hour after the session begins. An
applicant who is admitted after an examination session begins may not receive
extra time and the examination session will conclude as scheduled.
B. MEE and MPT Grading. Each examination paper produced by an applicant on
the MEE and MPT is separately graded. Examination papers are graded and
credited by applicant nurnber and not by applicant name.
C. Score Combining. MBE answer sheets are scanned and centrally scored by the
National Conference of Bar Examiners. MEE and MPT answers are graded on a
scale of zero to six, with six being the highest qualifying score and zero being the
lowest possible score. All scores are converted to the 400 Uniform Bar
Examination point scale and cornbined with the MBE scaled scores. MEE and
MPT scores are scaled to the MBE, with the MBE weighted 50%, the MEE 30%,
and the MPT 20%.
An applicant with a combined scaled score of 266 or higher will be deemed to
have passed the Montana Uniform Bar Examination.
D. Disruption During Examination. Should a serious disruption occur during any
portion of a Uniform Bar Exarnination session, the Bar Adrnissions Administrator
or proctors rnust record the incident on the proctor and irregularity report forms
and the Board will be notified. If examination time is lost by the general
examination population due to the disruption, a corresponding amount of time will
be added to the end of the same exarnination session, if reasonably feasible.
E. Individual Emergencies During Examination. If during the course of Uniform
Bar Examination adrninistration an applicant has a sudden and unexpected
emergency not of the applicant's rnaking and the Bar Admissions Administrator
has approved the applicant's departure or other inability to complete the
exarnination, the departure will be treated as a deferral and the fees will transfer to
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the next examination. The Bar Admissions Adrninistrator will record the incident
on the proctor and irregularity report forrns and the Board will be notified.
Rule 104 — Testing Accommodations.
A. Application Deadline for Testing Accommodations. An applicant who claims a
disability and who seeks an accommodation to sit for the Uniform Bar
Examination shall submit a request for the accommodation with supporting
evidence by the application filing deadline for the relevant Uniform Bar
Examination adrninistration unless the disability occurs between the application
filing deadline and the relevant Uniform Bar Examination administration.
B. Consideration of Testing Accommodation Requests. Requests for testing
accornmodation are considered on a case-by-case basis. To qualify for
accommodation, the requesting applicant must submit evidence sufficient to
satisfy the Board or its designee that:
1. the applicant is otherwise qualified to sit for the Unifonn Bar Examination;
2. the applicant suffers from a disability;
3. the disability limits the applicant's ability to demonstrate, under standard
testing conditions, that the applicant possesses the knowledge, skills, and
abilities tested on the Uniform Bar Examination;
4. the disability is permanent or long-term;
5. the disability has a current substantial impact on the applicant. A mere
submission of a rnedical diagnosis of impairment is insufficient to qualify
the applicant for accommodation; and
6. the requested accommodation must address only a disability the law
recognizes and must be tailored to address the disability as it relates
to the Uniform Bar Examination testing conditions. The requested
accommodation may not give the applicant an advantage over other
applicants, but must permit the applicant to perform "on a level playing
field" with other applicants.
Requests for accomrnodations will be considered by the Board or its designee
based on the information subrnitted by the applicant and other information as may
be reasonably available to the Board. Taking into account the resources available
to it, the Board rnay, but is not required to, seek the assistance of experts on the
particular request for accommodation.
The Board may require the applicant to provide additional information relating to
the claimed physical or mental irnpairment and prior testing accommodations
received, and may require the applicant to submit to examination by a qualified
professional designated by the Board in connection with the applicant's requested
testing accommodation.
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C. Appeal of Board Decision. The Board's decision on whether to grant the
requested accommodation or to offer an alternative accommodation is final. An
applicant rnay petition for relief from the Board's decision by petitioning the
Montana Suprerne Court.
D. Subsequent Accommodation Requests.
Applicants who retake the Uniforrn Bar Examination shall subrnit "Form 1:
Applicant Request for Test Accommodations" each time they apply for the
Uniform Bar Examination, even if they previously requested and were granted
accommodations by the Board. It is not necessary to resubmit supporting
evidence that was submitted with a previous request if the applicant sat for the
Uniform Bar Examination within the preceding three years and:
(1)is requesting the same accommodation that was previously granted; and
(2) has had no material changes in the physical or mental irnpairrnent for
which the previous accommodation was granted. New supporting evidence is
required if there is any change in the requested accornmodation. An update to
prior medical evidence assessing the applicant's current functional limitations and
ongoing need for accommodation is required if the nature of the applicant's
impairment changes. The Board may require an update to prior evidence in all
cases in which it deterrnines that the prior evidence is insufficient to establish the
applicant's current level of impairrnent and need for accommodation.
E. Definitions.
1. "Accommodation" means an adjustment to or modification of the Uniform
Bar Exarnination testing conditions that addresses the functional limitations
related to the applicant's disability without:
a. fundamentally altering the nature of the Uniform Bar Examination or
the Board's ability to determine through examination whether the applicant
possesses the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to pass the Uniform
Bar Examination;
b. irnposing an undue burden on the Board;
c. compromising the security ofthe Uniform Bar Examination; or
d. cornpromising the validity of the Uniforrn Bar Exarnination.
2. "Disability" rneans a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990(ADA), which defines a person with a disability as a person with a
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physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major
life activity that is of central importance to daily life.
3. "Qualified professional" means a licensed physician, psychiatrist, or other
health care provider who has cornprehensive training in the field related to
the applicant's disability.
4. "Substantially limits one or more major life activity" rneans the physical or
mental impairment prevents or severely restricts the applicant from
performing or engaging in activities that are of central importance to most
persons' daily lives.
F. Breastfeeding-Related Requests. Although breastfeeding is not a disability as
defined above, and is not to be considered one for purposes of granting
accommodations, the Board will afford breastfeeding applicants accommodations
in a manner consistent with public policy and law. Any breastfeeding applicant
seeking such an accomrnodation shall submit a letter request for breastfeeding
accommodation to the Bar Admissions Administrator by the filing deadline for the
relevant Uniform Bar Examination administration stating the type of
accommodation desired. Thc applicant need not submit the request for
breastfeeding accommodations on the form otherwise required for a disability-
based accommodation. A doctor's statement need not be submitted with the
request but may be asked for by the Board at a later date. The request for
breastfeeding accommodations should include documentation of the child's date
or expected date of birth. Individual accommodations may vary, in the Board's
discretion, depending upon each applicant's request or circumstances and whether
such accomrnodations are medically necessary for the health of the applicant or
the infant. The types of accommodations that may be granted by the Board
include but are not limited to the following, depending on each individual
applicant's circumstances:
1. Permission to bring to the exam and store at the testing site necessary
medical equipment and supplies, including a breast pump, storage supplies
and a cooler;
2. A private or semi-private location with an electrical outlet, if requested, to
breastfeed or express breast milk. A semi-private location is defined as one
that is located away from other applicants, except other applicants who are
also breastfeeding or expressing milk.
3. Stop-the-clock breaks during each three-hour testing period to be used
soley for the purpose of breastfeeding the infant or breast pumping, if
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existing breaks are insufficiently frequent for an individual's
circumstances.
The Board's decision on whether to grant the requested accommodation or to offer
an alternative accommodation is final. An applicant may petition for relief from
the Board's decision by petitioning the Montana Supreme Court.
Rule 105 — Rules of Conduct.
A. Examination Rules of Conduct. An applicant shall abide by all rules and
instructions governing the administration of all portions of the Uniform Bar
Exarnination. An applicant MAY NOT:
1. falsify the application or proofs required for admission to the Uniform Bar
Examination;
2. utilize any unauthorized notes, books, recordings, electronically retrievable
data, or other unauthorized materials while taking the exarnination. The
only items perrnitted in the examination room are those that have been
approved by the Board: (a) computers specifically configured for use of
computer-based testing, such as Exam Soft; or (b) blue books issued by the
test proctors and approved writing tools. Any item that may provide the
applicant with inforrnation or access to information other than the
applicant's own knowledge is prohibited, including but not limited to notes,
cell phones, backpacks, purses, wallets, cameras, electronic or wireless
devices, or timing devices. The Board may prohibit any item not
specifically referenced at any time, including at the examination session.
Possession of a prohibited item in the examination may be treated as a
cheating incident, and examination proctors are authorized to confiscate
any unauthorized item.
3. use answers or information from other applicants while taking the
examination;
4. provide answers or information to other applicants taking the examination;
5. read questions on the examination prior to the announcement to begin the
examination;
6. continue to answer any question after the announcement to stop when the
session has ended;
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7. remove any multiple-choice, machine-scored exarnination question from
the exarnination room, or otherwise communicate the substance of any of
those questions to others, including applicants or persons who are
employed by or associated with bar review courses;
8. rernove any essay questions, scrap paper, or other materials from the
examination room, or otherwise communicate the substance of any of those
questions to others, including applicants or persons who are employed by or
associated with bar review courses;
9. cornprornise the security or the integrity of the Uniforrn Bar Examination;
or
10. disregard any instruction given by the Bar Admissions Administrator
during the course of the exarnination or cause generalized disruption of the
examination.
B. It is the Board's policy that the Uniform Bar Examination administration and
related conduct of a Montana Bar applicant be beyond reproach. Applicants are at
all times to maintain a professional attitude toward other applicants, proctors, and
other exarnination personnel. Conduct that constitutes a violation of these Rules,
the Rules for Admission, or any rules or instructions provided by examination
personnel rnay result in imrnediate disqualification to sit for and in ejection from
the examination. Cheating or taking any action that disrupts or compromises the
security or integrity of the Uniform Bar Examination rnay result in immediate
disqualification to sit for and in ejection from the examination.
Rule 106 — Impoundment,Investigation, and Appeal.
A. Impoundment of Examination Results. If the Board or the Bar Admissions
Administrator has cause to believe an applicant has violated any of the rules of
conduct set forth above, the applicant's bar exarnination papers and results may be
impounded pending investigation by the Board.
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B. Investigation by the Board of Bar Examiners Subcommittee.
1. The Bar Adrnissions Administrator shall refer any concern regarding
violation of the Rules of Conduct to a subcornmittee of two rnembers of the
Board for further investigation. In such investigation, the Bar Admissions
Adrninistrator or the subcornmittee may obtain information that relates to
the applicant's conduct, administer oaths and affirmations, and compel by
subpoena the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers,
and documents. The subcommittee may require sworn taped interviews
with an applicant to clarify information or to facilitate the investigation.
2. If it appears to the subcommittee that there is credible evidence that would
establish an applicant's violation of any rule of conduct, the Bar
Admissions Administrator shall serve written notice on the applicant by
certified mail stating with particularity the facts upon which the alleged
violation is based.
3. The applicant shall file a verified answer with the Bar Admissions
Adrninistrator within thirty days of service of the notice. The answer rnust
identify with specificity the alleged violations disputed by the applicant and
set forth any evidence that can contradict the charges. The applicant may
request a hearing before the Board of Bar Exarniners. The applicant shall
supply an original and seven copies of all materials to the Board's office.
4. ln the event the applicant does not submit a written answer as provided in
Rule 106 B.3., the Board shall deem the facts set forth in the written
charges to be established. The charges shall become part of a permanent
file of the Commission on Character and Fitness. The applicant may not
reapply for admission for at least three years from the date the Board
confirms the violation.
5. If an applicant files an answer but does not request a hearing, the Board
Chair shall appoint a committee made up of Board members other than the
two members assigned to investigate the claimed violation. The committee
must consist of no fewer than three and no more than 5 members. If there
is an insufficient number of Board members available for appointment, the
Chair may appoint a mernber of the State Bar of Montana in good standing
to sit as a rnernber of the cornrnittee. Thc cornmittee shall review the
evidence gathered by the Bar Admissions Administrator, the two-member
subcornmittee, together with the subrnission received from the applicant,
and render a final decision by a majority vote of its members.
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C. Hearing.
1. If the applicant requests a hearing, the hearing panel rnust consist of a
majority of the members of the Board who did not serve on the
subcommittee appointed by the Bar Adrnissions Administrator. A majority
of the hearing panel shall make the final decision.
2. The Board shall notify the applicant in writing of the date, tirne, and place
of the hearing and of the applicant's right to be represented by counsel at
the hearing, to exarnine and cross-exarnine witnesses, and to present
evidence.
3. The applicant shall supply a list of witnesses, including addresses and
phone numbers, and all supporting documentation including any evidence,
affidavits, and exhibits the applicant determines are necessary to support
the applicant's position at Ieast ten days prior to the hearing. The applicant
shall supply an original and seven (7) copies of all materials to the Board's
office.
4. The hearings before the Board must be open to the public unless the
applicant requests that they be private and the panel chair finds that the
demands of the applicant's individual privacy clearly exceed the merits of
public disclosure and rules that the hearing be closed.
5. The Rules of Evidence need not be observed. The Board rnay take
evidence in other than testimonial form and rely upon records and other
materials furnished to the Board in response to its investigation. The Board
may determine whether evidence to be taken in testimonial form will be
taken in person at the hearing or upon deposition, but in either event all
testimonial evidence must be taken under oath. The Board shall maintain a
complete record ofthe hearing.
6. The hearing panel shall determine by a preponderence of the evidence
whether the applicant violated the exarnination rules of conduct.
D. Findings and Decision.
1. The Board shall issue a written decision which shall be served upon the applicant
by certified mail and reported to the Commission on Character and Fitness.
2. In its decision the Board may take one or more of the following actions:
a. void the results ofthe examination taken;
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b. transmit a written report of the matter to bar admission authorities in any
jurisdiction;
c. take such other action as the Board deems appropriate.
E. Supreme Court Review.
1. The final decision of the Board is conclusive unless a verified Petition for
Review is filed by the applicant with the Montana Supreme Court within
thirty days following service of the decision upon the applicant. The record
of the hearing before the Board must be transcribed at the applicant's
expense and provided to the Court. A copy of the Petition for Review and
the hearing transcript must also be served upon the Board.
2. Within thirty days of receipt of the Petition, the Board shall transmit the
entire record to the Clerk of the Supreme Court with a response to the
Petition fully advising the Court as to the Board's reasons for its decision,
and admitting or contesting any assertions made by the applicant in the
Petition.
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