State v. Perrin

[Cite as State v. Perrin, 2017-Ohio-8176.]

COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Earle E. Wise, J.
:
-vs- :
: Case No. 2017CA00062
VICKI PERRIN :
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal appeal from the Canton Municipal
Court, Case No. 2016 CRB 03986

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 10, 2017

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

LAWRENCE SPOLJARIC BERNARD HUNT
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 2395 McGinty Road N.W.
218 Cleveland Avenue N.W. North Canton, OH 44720
Box 24218
Canton, OH 44701-4218
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 2

Gwin, P.J.

{¶1} Appellant appeals the decision of the trial court denying her motion to

withdraw plea. Appellee is the State of Ohio.

Facts & Procedural History

{¶2} On August 23, 2016, appellant Vicki Perrin was charged with: interference

with custody in violation of R.C. 2919.23(A)(1), obstruction of official business in violation

of R.C. 2921.31, and failure to disclose one’s personal information pursuant to R.C.

2921.29(A)(1). The trial court set the matter for jury trial.

{¶3} On November 9, 2016, a bench warrant was issued for appellant for the

failure to appear at trial. Appellant was arrested on this warrant on March 6, 2017. On

March 13, 2017, appellant appeared with her attorney and pled no contest to the second

and third counts. The trial court dismissed the first count. Appellant signed a plea form

indicating she had someone explain the plea form to her and she understood the

maximum potential penalties for each offense.

{¶4} At the plea hearing, the trial court reviewed the charges that remained

pending against appellant, as well as the maximum potential penalties for each charge.

Appellant confirmed she understood the maximum potential penalties for each charge,

that she signed the plea form of her own free will, that she understood the no contest

plea, and that she understood she was waiving her right to trial. Appellant told the trial

court she had nothing to say prior to the imposition of sentence.

{¶5} As to the second count, the trial court sentenced appellant to: ninety days

in jail with all but eight days suspended, with credit for time served; 100 hours of

community service; a ten dollar fine; and costs. On the third count, the trial court
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 3

sentenced appellant to pay court costs, but did not impose a fine. The trial court noted

during the sentencing hearing the “big thing remaining is some court cost payments and

then community service.”

{¶6} Appellant filed a motion to withdraw plea pursuant to Criminal Rule 32 on

March 21, 2017. Appellant argued she never would have pled no contest to the charges

had she known the court costs were so high. Further, she believed it was manifestly

unjust for the amount of court costs to have not been disclosed prior to her plea.

{¶7} The trial court held a hearing on appellant’s motion to withdraw on April 4,

2017. Counsel for appellant stated appellant contacted him after receiving notice that the

court costs in the case totaled over $700. Counsel stated that, at the time of the plea, he

did go over the plea sheet / form with appellant and informed her there would be fines

and costs. Counsel also conceded when appellant pled, the trial court let her know there

would be a fine and court costs. Counsel stated that, at the time of appellant’s plea, he

did not know what the final court costs would be and that he did not tell her a specific

amount as to court costs.

{¶8} At the hearing, appellant stated she “thought” her counsel “did tell me what

the court costs and fines were going to be.” Appellant further stated the charges against

her were trumped up, it was all entrapment just to get money, and she does not know

why she was in jail. Appellant then said, in reference to her attorney, “I thought I

remembered him telling me” the fine would be $10 and the court costs would be $25.

{¶9} Counsel for appellant then stated he did not know what the court costs

would be during negotiations or when going over the plea agreement with appellant.

Counsel said, “I do not recall ever indicating the costs would be twenty-five dollars.”
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 4

Further, counsel had no reason to expect, based on his experience, that the court costs

would only be twenty-five dollars. Counsel stated at the second pre-trial in the case, prior

to the warrant being issued, he may have talked to the prosecutor and appellant about

possibly capping costs in the case, but that was never made a formal offer.

{¶10} The trial court denied appellant’s motion to withdraw plea, but suspended

all but $500 of the fines and costs in the case.

{¶11} Appellant appeals the decision of the Canton Municipal Court and assigns

the following as error:

{¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED THE DEFENDANT’S

MOTION TO WITHDRAW PLEA, PURSUANT TO CRIMINAL RULE 32.1

{¶13} “II. THE DEFENDANT WAS DENIED HER RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AS GUARANTEED BY THE CONSTITUTION OF THE

UNITED STATES AND ARTICLE 1, SECT. 10 OF THE CONSTITUTION FOR THE

STATE OF OHIO.”

I.

{¶14} In her first assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred in

overruling her motion to withdraw plea. We disagree.

{¶15} Pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1, “a motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest

may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court

after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to

withdraw his or her plea.” The defendant bears the burden of proving “manifest injustice.”

State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). Whether the defendant has
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 5

sustained that burden is within the sound discretion of the trial court and we review the

trial court’s decision for an abuse of discretion.

{¶16} Under the manifest injustice standard, a post-sentence withdrawal motion

is allowable only in extraordinary cases. State v. Williams, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013

AP 04 0020, 2014-Ohio-5727. A manifest injustice has been defined as a “clear or openly

unjust act.” State v. Congrove, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 09CA090080, 2010-Ohio-2933,

quoting State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203, 699 N.E.2d 2983 (1998).

“A manifest injustice comprehends a fundamental flaw in the path of justice so

extraordinary that the defendant could not have sought redress from the resulting

prejudice through any form of application reasonably available to him.” State v. Williams,

5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013 AP 04 0020, 2014-Ohio-5727.

{¶17} Appellant’s claim of manifest injustice is that she was misled because the

trial court told her court costs were only twenty-five dollars, but they were much higher.

At the motion hearing, appellant asserted she “thought” the trial court told her at the plea

hearing there would be court costs of twenty-five dollars.

{¶18} However, in the transcript of the plea and sentencing hearing, there is no

indication the trial court informed appellant the costs would be twenty-five dollars. At the

plea hearing, the trial court reviewed the charges that remained pending against

appellant, as well as the maximum potential penalties for each charge. Appellant

confirmed she understood the maximum potential penalties for each charge, that she

signed the plea form of her own free will, that she understood the no contest plea, and

that she understood she was waiving her right to trial. Appellant told the trial court she

had nothing to say prior to the imposition of sentence. At the sentencing hearing, on the
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 6

third count, the trial court told appellant he was sentencing her to costs only, no fines.

Also at the hearing, the trial court told appellant he was sentencing her to a $10 fine and

costs on the second count.

{¶19} Appellant also claims the trial court erred in denying her motion to withdraw

plea because the trial court did not inform her of the exact amount of costs. We disagree.

{¶20} The Ohio Supreme Court has stated that costs are taxed against certain

litigants for the purpose of lightening the burden on taxpayers financing the court system.

Strattman v. Studt, 20 Ohio St.2d 95, 253 N.E.2d 749 (1969). “Therefore, although costs

in criminal cases are assessed at sentencing and are included in the sentencing entry,

costs are not punishment, but are more akin to a civil judgment for money.” State v.

Threatt, 108 Ohio St.3d 277, 2006-Ohio-905, 843 N.E.2d 164. In determining that a

sentencing entry assessing costs without specifying the exact amount of costs is a final

appealable order, the Ohio Supreme Court stated, “when the remaining issues are

mechanical in nature and unlikely to produce a second appeal because only a ministerial

task similar to assessing costs remains, then the order is final and appealable.” State v.

Threatt, 108 Ohio St.3d 277, 2006-Ohio-905, 843 N.E.2d 164, citing State ex rel. White

v. Cuyahoga Metro. Housing Auth., 79 Ohio St.3d 543, 684 N.E.2d 72 (1997). Further,

that “calculating a bill for the costs in a criminal case is merely a ministerial task.” Id.

{¶21} In State v. Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, the

Ohio Supreme Court held the failure to inform a defendant at the sentencing hearing that

he must pay costs denies the defendant the opportunity to seek waiver of payment of the

court costs. However, the Ohio Supreme Court reaffirmed its position that “court costs

are a civil obligation * * * in both criminal and civil cases.” Id.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 7

{¶22} In this case, appellant was notified she would be required to pay court costs.

She did not object to the imposition of costs or request waiver of costs, though she had

the opportunity to do both at the plea and sentencing hearing when the trial court informed

her of the maximum penalties and sentenced her to pay costs on each count. In fact, the

trial court did cap appellant’s costs at five hundred dollars as a result of her motion. The

calculation of the exact amount of costs in a criminal case is a “ministerial task” and the

failure to specify the exact amount of court costs is not equivalent to the failure to notify

appellant as to the imposition of costs. State v. Martinez, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 12AP-

852, 12AP-853, 2014-Ohio-898; State v. Lux, 2nd Dist. Miami No. 2010 CA 30, 2012-

Ohio-112 (holding the court’s imposition of court costs is not erroneous due to the court’s

failure to specify the amount of court costs at sentencing because the calculation of the

amount of court costs is a ministerial act; the itemized bill may be calculated later).

{¶23} We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding no manifest

injustice and in overruling her motion to withdraw plea. Appellant’s first assignment of

error is overruled.

II.

{¶24} In her second assignment of error, appellant alleges ineffectiveness of trial

counsel, specifically, that her counsel told her fines and court costs would be a certain

amount if she signed the no contest form, and the conduct of trial counsel in the promise

of low court costs was prejudicial because of her poor financial situation. Further, that

the low amount of costs induced her no plead no contest.

{¶25} To succeed on a claim of ineffectiveness, a defendant must satisfy a two-

prong test. Initially, a defendant must show that trial counsel was ineffective, i.e. whether
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 8

counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation and

volatile of any of his essential duties to the client. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.

668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). In assessing such claims, “a court must indulge a strong

presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional

assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the

circumstances, the challenged action “might be considered sound trial strategy.” Id.

{¶26} Even if a defendant shows that counsel was incompetent, the defendant

must then satisfy the second prong of the Strickland test, whether the defense was

actually prejudiced by counsel’s ineffectiveness such that the reliability of the outcome of

the trial is suspect. Id. This requires a showing that there is a reasonable probability that,

but for counsel’s unprofessional error, the outcome of the proceeding would have been

different. Id.

{¶27} First, appellant’s testimony was not definitive, as she testified she “thought”

she remembered her attorney telling her the court costs would be twenty-five dollars.

{¶28} Further, though appellant alleges counsel admitted he gave her wrong

information, the transcript does not support this allegation and the testimony of her

attorney at the hearing on the motion to withdraw disputes this assertion. On a motion to

withdraw guilty plea, the good faith, credibility, and weight of the movant’s assertions are

matters to be resolved by the trial court. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d

1324 (1977).

{¶29} At the hearing, counsel stated he did inform appellant at the plea hearing

she would have to pay costs; however, he did not know what the final court costs would

be, so he did not tell her a specific amount as to court costs. After hearing appellant’s
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 9

testimony that he told her the court costs would be twenty-five dollars, counsel testified,

“I do not recall ever indicating the costs would be twenty-five dollars.” Counsel further

stated that, based on his experience, he had no reason to expect the court costs would

only be twenty-five dollars. Counsel stated that at the second pre-trial in the case, prior

to appellant’s failure to appear for trial and a warrant being issued for her arrest, he may

have discussed with the prosecutor and/or appellant the possibility of capping costs as

part of a plea negotiation; however, no formal offer was ever made in this regard. Aside

from an indication by the trial court that court costs would be imposed, there is no other

memorialization of such a conditional offer.

{¶30} Further, as noted above, the calculation of the bill for the costs in a criminal

case is not punishment, but is akin to a civil judgment for money and such calculation is

merely a ministerial task. Thus, counsel’s performance did not fall below an objective

standard of reasonable representation in a criminal case when he did not tell appellant

the exact amount of her court costs at the time of her plea.

{¶31} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00062 10

{¶32} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s assignments of error are overruled and

the April 4, 2017 decision of the trial court denying her motion to withdraw plea is affirmed.

By Gwin, P.J.,

Baldwin, J., and

Wise, Earle, J., concur