J-A09044-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
JESSICA LYNN RAKER : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
v. :
:
:
BAR-B-Q PIT, INC. :
:
Appellant : No. 1390 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Order Entered July 21, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
Civil Division at No(s): 14-1877
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., SHOGAN, J., and OTT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED OCTOBER 18, 2017
Appellant, Bar-B-Q Pit, Inc. (“Bar-B-Q Pit”), appeals from the order of
the Berks County Court of Common Pleas, which directed the Prothonotary
to release to Appellee, Jessica Lynn Raker, without further order of court,
the security Bar-B-Q Pit deposited to establish a supersedeas in a companion
appeal at docket No. 1037 MDA 2016, upon Ms. Raker’s presentation of an
order dismissing that appeal, or a final unappealable order in Ms. Raker’s
favor against Bar-B-Q Pit. We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
On June 16, 2010, Ms. Raker sued Bar-B-Q Pit in federal court for
employment discrimination, alleging, inter alia, that while she worked as a
server at Bar-B-Q Pit from November 2007 until July 2008, her boss,
Hippocrates Deligiannis, a principal and/or owner of Bar-B-Q Pit, subjected
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her to a hostile work environment due to constant sexual harassment. Ms.
Raker complained to the Bar-B-Q Pit managers, who were Mr. Deligiannis’
daughters; but they rebuked the complaints and retaliated by reducing Ms.
Raker’s hours of employment. On February 28, 2013, the federal district
court granted judgment in Ms. Raker’s favor on the issue of liability and
scheduled a trial on damages. The court held a bench trial on damages on
March 18, 2013; representatives of Bar-B-Q Pit failed to appear. After
hearing Ms. Raker’s uncontroverted testimony, the federal court entered
judgment in Ms. Raker’s favor in the amount of $112,878.80 (“federal
judgment”).
Ms. Raker filed a praecipe to transfer the federal judgment to the
Berks County Court of Common Pleas on February 18, 2014, which was
entered at the current docket No. 14-1877. Ms. Raker subsequently filed a
praecipe for writ of execution. On April 4, 2014, the sheriff levied upon
property located on the Bar-B-Q Pit premises.
Prior to the scheduled sheriff’s sale, on April 24, 2014, Bar-B-Q Pit
issued notice of filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, triggering an automatic stay
of all proceedings. The bankruptcy court vacated the automatic stay on July
9, 2014, to allow Ms. Raker to resolve her rights to the levied property.
Meanwhile, the principals of Bar-B-Q Pit, and other related entities,
claimed ownership of the levied property. On July 15, 2014, the sheriff
issued a determination of ownership, deciding Bar-B-Q Pit did not own the
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levied property. Ms. Raker filed objections to the sheriff’s determination on
July 24, 2014. On August 20, 2014, the writ was stayed and the levy was
released.1
Shortly thereafter, on August 26, 2014, Ms. Raker filed a separate
lawsuit in the Berks County Court of Common Pleas at docket No. 14-17806
(“tort case”) against Anna’s Bar-B-Q Pit, Ltd., Grecian Terrace, Ltd.,
Hippocrates Deligiannis, Anna Deligiannis, Eleni Deligiannis, and Georgine
Deligiannis a.k.a. Georgine Zdravecki. In her tort complaint, Ms. Raker
alleged counts of fraudulent transfer and successor liability. Essentially, Ms.
Raker complained the tort defendants committed wrongful acts to avoid
enforcement of the federal judgment by transferring Bar-B-Q Pit’s assets to
Anna’s Bar-B-Q Pit and operating Anna’s Bar-B-Q Pit in the same manner
and location. The parties to the tort case reached a settlement on April 4,
2016, for $350,000.00. The tort defendants subsequently sought to undo
the settlement agreement; so Ms. Raker made an oral motion to enforce the
settlement agreement, which the court granted on May 26, 2016. On that
date, the court entered judgment against the tort case defendants, jointly
and severally, in the amount of $350,000.00, plus interest.2
____________________________________________
1 The bankruptcy case was closed and terminated on September 4, 2014.
The bankruptcy trustee found Bar-B-Q Pit had no assets to distribute.
2The tort case defendants filed a notice of appeal, which this Court quashed
on procedural grounds by per curiam order on September 13, 2016. On May
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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On June 8, 2016, Ms. Raker filed another writ of execution concerning
the federal judgment in the present case. Significantly, Ms. Raker had
discovered testimony from Bar-B-Q Pit’s accountant in other proceedings
confirming that Bar-B-Q Pit actually owned certain property the sheriff had
determined belonged to other entities back in April 2014.
Bar-B-Q Pit filed a motion to strike the writ of execution on June 10,
2016. On June 13, 2016, the court scheduled a hearing and stayed
execution on the federal judgment pending the hearing and upon Bar-B-Q
Pit’s posting of a bond in the amount of $130,925.92 (the amount of the
federal judgment plus interest). Bar-B-Q Pit posted the requisite amount
with the Prothonotary in the form of two cashier’s checks. Following a
hearing, the court denied Bar-B-Q Pit’s motion to strike the writ of execution
on June 21, 2016. The next day, Bar-B-Q Pit timely filed a notice of appeal
at the related docket No. 1037 MDA 2016.
On July 12, 2016, Ms. Raker filed a motion to clarify the court’s June
13, 2016 and June 21, 2016 orders. Ms. Raker explained that on July 1,
2016, the sheriff went to the former Bar-B-Q Pit premises (now operating as
Anna’s Bar-B-Q Pit), levied upon some of the property, and scheduled a
sheriff’s sale for July 26, 2016. According to Ms. Raker, counsel for Bar-B-Q
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
9, 2017, our Supreme Court denied the tort case defendants’ petition for
allowance of appeal. On August 7, 2017, the tort case defendants filed a
petition for writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court, which is
still pending.
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Pit told the sheriff the sale was stayed because Bar-B-Q Pit had posted
security in accordance with the court’s June 13, 2016 order to stay the sale.
Ms. Raker said the sheriff would not proceed with the sale until it received
clarification from the court concerning whether the stay of execution was still
in place. Ms. Raker argued the court should clarify its earlier orders to make
clear the stay was no longer in effect because the security Bar-B-Q Pit had
posted was intended to stay execution only until the court ruled on Bar-B-Q
Pit’s motion to strike the writ of execution. Once the court denied Bar-B-Q
Pit’s motion, the stay was dissolved and Bar-B-Q Pit was entitled to the
return of its security.
Bar-B-Q Pit objected to Ms. Raker’s motion to clarify, arguing, inter
alia, the court lacked jurisdiction to modify its earlier orders where Bar-B-Q
Pit had appealed the June 21, 2016 order and the matter was no longer
pending in the trial court.
On July 14, 2016, the court held a hearing. Ms. Raker initially argued
Bar-B-Q Pit failed to post appropriate security as specified by the court’s
June 13, 2016 order because cashier’s checks do not constitute posting a
“bond.” Ms. Raker explained the difference between posting cashier’s checks
and a bond is that, with the former, there is no “automatic default” provision
requiring immediate payment to Ms. Raker if she prevails on appeal. Even if
the cashier’s checks were sufficient for purposes of complying with the June
13, 2016 order, Ms. Raker insisted those checks only stayed execution
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pending the court’s ruling on Bar-B-Q Pit’s motion to strike. Once Bar-B-Q
Pit filed a notice of appeal, Ms. Raker claimed Bar-B-Q Pit was required to
post additional security to establish a supersedeas to stay execution pending
the appeal.
The court agreed Bar-B-Q Pit was required to post additional security
to establish a supersedeas. Under Pa.R.A.P. 1731 (governing automatic
supersedeas for orders for payment of money), Bar-B-Q Pit would have to
post 120% of the amount owed to Ms. Raker. The parties disputed whether
Bar-B-Q Pit was required to post 120% of the principal on the federal
judgment or the total federal judgment including accrued interest. The court
accepted Ms. Raker’s position to calculate 120% of the principal plus
interest, totaling $156,401.22. After consulting with her client, counsel for
Bar-B-Q Pit asked for one week to obtain the additional security. The court
granted that request. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court said it
would enter an order dissolving the temporary stay of execution entered on
June 13, 2016, and directing the sheriff to proceed with the sheriff’s sale
unless Bar-B-Q Pit posts bond in strict accordance with Rule 1731. Both
parties agreed to the court’s proposed order.
Immediately following the hearing, the court entered the order it had
proposed to the parties: (1) dissolving the temporary stay of execution set
forth in the June 13, 2016 order as moot; (2) and directing the sheriff to
proceed with the sheriff’s sale scheduled for July 26, 2016, unless Bar-B-Q
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Pit posted a bond in strict accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 1731, to stay execution
pending a final unappealable order. On July 18, 2016, Bar-B-Q Pit posted a
third cashier’s check with the Prothonotary in the amount of $25,475.30.3
The parties appeared before the court again on July 21, 2016. Ms.
Raker argued Bar-B-Q Pit failed to comply with the court’s July 14, 2016
order because cashier’s checks do not constitute a “bond.” Bar-B-Q Pit said
it complied with Rule 1731, which does not specify the manner of security.
The court noted Bar-B-Q Pit had agreed to the court’s proposed order at the
conclusion of the July 14, 2016 hearing and by depositing cashier’s checks,
Bar-B-Q Pit ignored the language of the order requiring a “bond” and made
it more difficult for Ms. Raker to collect on her judgment upon a final order in
her favor. Rather than requiring Bar-B-Q Pit to substitute the security
already posted, the court modified its July 14, 2016 order and directed the
Prothonotary to release to Ms. Raker, without further order of court, the
three cashier’s checks Bar-B-Q Pit deposited, upon dismissal of Bar-B-Q Pit’s
appeal or a final unappealable order in Ms. Raker’s favor. Bar-B-Q Pit timely
filed a notice of appeal on Monday, August 22, 2016. On September 1,
2016, the court ordered Bar-B-Q Pit to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. Bar-B-Q Pit timely complied on September 20,
____________________________________________
3 The earlier two cashier’s checks totaling $130,925.92 remained with the
Prothonotary, so the third cashier’s check brought the amount Bar-B-Q Pit
deposited to $156,401.22.
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2016.
Bar-B-Q Pit raises the following issues for our review:
WHETHER THE HONORABLE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY
MODIFYING THE ORIGINAL JULY [14], 2016, ORDER TO
STATE THAT THE SECURITY PLACED INTO THE
PROTHONOTARY UNDER PA.R.A.P. 1734 “SHALL BE
IMMEDIATELY PAID TO [MS. RAKER] WITHOUT FURTHER
ORDER OF THIS COURT UPON [MS. RAKER’S]
PRESENTATION OF THE SAID ORDER OF DISMISSAL OR
FINAL UNAPPEALABLE ORDER IN [MS. RAKER’S] FAVOR
AND AGAINST [BAR-B-Q PIT]?”
DID THE COURT’S ORDER FOR $156,401.22 SECURITY
COMPLY SPECIFICALLY WITH PA.R.A.P. 1731?
(Bar-B-Q Pit’s Brief at 4).
For purposes of disposition, we combine Bar-B-Q Pit’s issues. Bar-B-Q
Pit initially argues the court lacked jurisdiction to enter the July 14, 2016
and July 21, 2016 orders because an appeal was already pending at docket
No. 1037 MDA 2016. Even if the court had jurisdiction, Bar-B-Q Pit asserts
it did not have to post additional security after it posted the initial two
cashier’s checks totaling $130,925.92 (while the court considered Bar-B-Q
Pit’s motion to strike the writ of execution) because Bar-B-Q Pit intended
those funds to act as a supersedeas to stay execution in the event of an
appeal. Bar-B-Q Pit emphasizes its principals also posted security in the tort
case appeal in the amount of $420,000.00. Bar-B-Q Pit complains the
amount owed on the federal judgment is $112,878.80. To the extent Bar-B-
Q Pit had to post additional security after the court’s ruling on the motion to
strike the writ of execution, Bar-B-Q Pit claims it had to post 120% of only
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$112,878.80. Bar-B-Q Pit insists Rule 1731 mentions nothing about
interest. Even if the court’s July 14th order was legally sound, Bar-B-Q Pit
submits the July 21st order substantially modified the July 14th order because
it required the Prothonotary to release the cashier’s checks to Ms. Raker
upon a final unappealable order in her favor, without further order of court.
Bar-B-Q Pit submits the trial court’s actions were “outrageous,” particularly
when considering the amount the tort defendants had to post to establish a
supersedeas in that appeal. Bar-B-Q Pit concludes the court erred by
entering the July 14th and July 21st orders, and this Court must vacate both
orders or, in the alternative, vacate the July 21st order. We disagree.
Initially, as a general rule, once an appeal is taken, “the trial court is
divested of jurisdiction over the subject matter until further order of the
appellate court reinstating jurisdiction.”4 Tanglwood Lakes Community
Ass’n v. Laskowski, 616 A.2d 37, 38-39 (Pa.Super. 1992). Nevertheless,
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1701 enumerates the actions a
trial court has authority to perform, once a party initiates an appeal:
Rule 1701. Effect of Appeal Generally
(a) General rule. Except as otherwise prescribed by
these rules, after an appeal is taken…, the trial court…may
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4 We disagree with Ms. Raker’s contention that Bar-B-Q Pit waived its
jurisdictional argument for failing to specify that claim in its Rule 1925(b)
statement. See generally Weir v. Weir, 631 A.2d 650 (Pa.Super. 1993)
(explaining trial court’s lack of subject matter jurisdiction is non-waivable
issue that can be raised at any stage of proceedings).
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no longer proceed further in the matter.
(b) Authority of a trial court or agency after appeal.
After an appeal is taken…, the trial court…may:
(1) Take such action as may be necessary to preserve
the status quo, correct formal errors in papers relating to
the matter, cause the record to be transcribed, approved,
filed and transmitted, grant leave to appeal in forma
pauperis, grant supersedeas, and take other action
permitted or required by these rules or otherwise ancillary
to the appeal or petition for review proceeding.
(2) Enforce any order entered in the matter, unless the
effect of the order has been superseded as prescribed in
this chapter.
* * *
Pa.R.A.P. 1701(a), (b)(1-2) (emphasis added). “[A] prerequisite to the
issuance of a supersedeas is the existence of a valid appeal.” Fiore v.
Oakwood Plaza Shopping Center, Inc., 585 A.2d 1012 (Pa.Super. 1991).
“Absent a supersedeas, the trial court retains its power to enforce orders
even after an appeal has been taken.” Glynn v. Glynn, 789 A.2d 242, 245
n.4 (2001) (en banc). See also Pa.R.A.P. 1701(b)(2).
Instantly, notwithstanding Bar-B-Q Pit’s appeal at docket No. 1037
MDA 2016, the court retained jurisdiction to enter the July 14 th and July 21st
orders to grant Bar-B-Q Pit a supersedeas pending the appeal. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1701(b)(1). Absent the orders granting Bar-B-Q Pit a
supersedeas, the trial court could have enforced the June 21, 2016 order
denying Bar-B-Q Pit’s motion to strike the writ of execution, and directed the
sheriff to proceed with the sheriff’s sale. See Pa.R.A.P. 1701(b)(2); Glynn,
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supra. Thus, the court had authority to enter the orders at issue, which
inured to Bar-B-Q Pit’s benefit, and there are no jurisdictional impediments
to our review.
Turning to the merits of this appeal, after a thorough review of the
record, the briefs of the parties, the applicable law, and the well-reasoned
opinion of the Honorable Madelyn S. Fudeman, we conclude Bar-B-Q Pit’s
issues merit no relief.5 The trial court opinion comprehensively discusses
and properly disposes of the questions presented. (See Trial Court Opinion,
filed October 7, 2016, at 4-7) (finding: (1) at July 21, 2016 hearing, Bar-B-
Q Pit acknowledged it was required to post bond to comply with July 14,
2016 order but instead posted cashier’s checks; on July 21, 2016, court
directed Prothonotary to release Bar-B-Q Pit’s posted cashier’s checks to Ms.
____________________________________________
5 Ms. Raker claims Bar-B-Q Pit’s issues are waived for failing to file post-trial
motions under Pa.R.C.P. 227.1, following the court’s July 14 th and July 21st
orders. Nevertheless, the court’s hearings on July 14th and July 21st were
not trials and were not “trial-like.” No testimony or evidence was submitted
at either hearing. The court merely held hearings, limited to oral argument
from counsel, to decide the amount of and manner in which Bar-B-Q Pit
needed to post security to establish a supersedeas pending appeal. Thus, no
post-trial motions were required. See Pa.R.C.P. 227.1(c), Note (explaining
motion for post-trial relief may be filed following jury or bench trial; motion
for post-trial relief may not be filed to orders disposing of other
proceedings which do not constitute trial); Newman Development
Group of Pottstown, LLC v. Genuardi’s Family Markets, 617 Pa. 265,
52 A.3d 1233 (2012) (holding no post-trial motions are necessary where
proceeding did not amount to “trial”). Therefore, Bar-B-Q Pit’s issues are
not waived for failing to file post-trial motions. Additionally, we deny Ms.
Raker’s requests in her brief to quash this appeal and to sanction Bar-B-Q Pit
for its failure to comply with technical rules of appellate procedure and
“wasting” this Court’s time by filing a frivolous appeal.
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Raker, without further order of court, upon dismissal of Bar-B-Q Pit’s appeal
or final unappealable order in Ms. Raker’s favor; modification served to
conform manner of security Bar-B-Q Pit had posted to terms of July 14,
2016 order, which reflected parties’ agreement for Bar-B-Q Pit to post bond;
modification order permitting Prothonotary to release money to Ms. Raker
without further order of court conforms directly to Pa.R.A.P. 1734(b)
(discussing terms of bond), and reflects intent of parties as established on
record; further, court’s modification order was necessary to accommodate
Bar-B-Q Pit, after it failed to post appropriate bond; (2) under Pa.R.A.P.
1731(a), amount of supersedeas security is 120% of amount found due and
remaining unpaid; underlying federal judgment is $112,878.08; to stay
execution pending court’s decision on Bar-B-Q Pit’s motion to strike writ of
execution, court required Bar-B-Q Pit to post $130,925.92, which
represented federal judgment principal, plus interest at legal rate; court
found “amount due” included interest; 120% of total amount owed to Ms.
Raker including interest equals $156,401.22; thus, court’s July 14, 2016
order requiring supersedeas bond in amount of $156,401.22 complied with
Rule 1731; proceedings in this case and in related tort case demonstrate
Bar-B-Q Pit and tort defendants have engaged in protracted efforts to
manipulate judicial process to avoid payment of 2013 federal judgment).
Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s opinion.
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Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/18/2017
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Circulated 09/25/2017 01:51 PM
Raker, J. v. BAR-B-Q Pit, Inc.
Combined Opinion