J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
HORIZON CONSTRUCTION GROUP, :
INC. AND LIBERTY MUTUAL GROUP, :
INC. A/K/A LIBERTY MUTUAL : No. 777 EDA 2017
INSURANCE COMPANY :
:
Appellants :
Appeal from the Order Entered February 2, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
Civil Division at No(s): 5097-CV-2016
GEORGE J. HAYDEN, INC. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND :
CASUALTY COMPANY :
: No. 784 EDA 2017
:
v. :
:
:
HORIZON CONSTRUCTION GROUP, :
INC. AND LIBERTY MUTUAL :
GROUP, INC. A/K/A LIBERTY :
MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY :
:
Appellants :
Appeal from the Order Entered February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
Civil Division at No(s): 4689CV-2016
J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17
FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CBK LODGE, LP, AND EPT SKI :
PROPERTIES, INC. :
: No. 785 EDA 2017
Appellants :
Appeal from the Order Entered February 2, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
Civil Division at No(s): 7162-CV-2016
BEFORE: PANELLA, DUBOW, and FITZGERALD,* JJ
MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.: FILED OCTOBER 19, 2017
These three related appeals1 arise from a dispute between several
parties to a construction project. In 777 EDA 2017 and 784 EDA 2017,
Horizon Construction Group, Inc. (“Horizon”) and Liberty Mutual Group, Inc.
(“Liberty Mutual”), appeal from orders overruling their preliminary objections
seeking enforcement of an agreement for alternative dispute resolution. In
785 EDA 2017, CBK Lodge, LP (“CBK”) and EPT, Ski Properties, Inc. (“EPT”),
appeal from an order overruling their preliminary objections to stay a
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 For purposes of disposition, we consolidate these appeals. See Pa.R.A.P.
513 (“where the same question is involved in two or more appeals in
different cases, the appellate court may, in its discretion, order them to be
argued together in all particulars as if but a single appeal”).
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mechanic’s lien action pending the outcome of alternative dispute resolution
proceedings between Horizon and Appellee, Faith Technologies, Inc.
(“Faith”). For the reasons provided below, we (1) affirm in part, reverse in
part, and quash in part in 777 EDA 2017, (2) affirm in 784 EDA 2017, and
(3) quash in 785 EDA 2017.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
1. Horizon Becomes General Contractor On The Construction
Project
In October 2013, Horizon entered into a contract with CBK and EPT as
general contractor for the construction of a resort hotel and a waterpark
known as the “Camelback Mountain Resort” (the “Project”). R.R. at 21a-
98a2 (Horizon’s contract with CBK and EPT).
2. Horizon Obtains Payment Bonds From Liberty Mutual
Horizon entered into two payment bonds with Liberty Mutual which
provide that every defined claimant may sue on the payment bonds,
prosecute the suit to final judgment for such sum or sums as may be justly
due claimant, and have execution thereon. The payment bonds state:
No suit or action shall be commenced hereunder by any
claimant . . .
Other than in a state court of competent jurisdiction in and
for the county or other political subdivision of the state in
which the Project, or any party thereof, is situated, or in
____________________________________________
2 For the parties’ convenience, we refer to the reproduced record.
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the United States District Court for the district in which the
Project, or any part thereof, is situated, and not elsewhere.
R.R. at 237a, 246a. The payment bonds do not provide for arbitration of
bond claims. Id. The payment bonds incorporated by reference Horizon’s
contract with CBK and EPT but did not incorporate the subcontract with Faith
discussed below. Id. at 236a, 245a.
3. Horizon Subcontracts Electrical Work To Faith
During 2014, Horizon and Faith entered into two subcontract
agreements for Faith to perform labor and furnish materials for electrical
installation on the hotel and waterpark portions of the Project (“Faith
Subcontracts”). The Faith Subcontracts provide, at Horizon’s option, for
arbitration of any disputes arising out of or relating to the Faith Subcontracts
or Faith’s work on the Project, as follows:
Any dispute or claim between [Faith] and [Horizon] arising
out of or relating to this Subcontract or the work shall be
decided, at the option of [Horizon], by arbitration in
accordance with the latest version of the American
Arbitration Association rules for Construction Industry
proceedings. Written notice of the demand for arbitration
shall be delivered to the American Arbitration Association
and the other party in accordance with time limits in the
Subcontract and within the time for institution of legal
proceedings according to applicable statutes of limitations.
R.R. at 106a.
4. Faith Obtains Payment Bonds From Continental
Faith entered into two payment bonds with its surety, Continental,
which provide that every defined claimant may sue on the payment bonds,
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prosecute the suit to final judgment for such sum or sums as may be justly
due claimant, and have execution thereon. The Continental payment bonds
did not provide for arbitration of bond claims. R.R. at 412a-414a.
5. Faith Sub-subcontracts Electrical Work To Hayden
On February 15, 2014, Faith entered into sub-subcontract agreements
with George J. Hayden, Inc. (“Hayden”), a local electrical contractor, for
Hayden to perform electrical installation work in connection with Faith’s
subcontract work on the hotel portion and waterpark portions of the Project
(the “Hayden Sub-subcontracts”). The Hayden Sub-subcontracts provide, at
Faith’s option, for arbitration of any disputes arising out of the Hayden Sub-
subcontracts, as follows:
[Faith], in its sole discretion, may demand arbitration with
[Hayden] to resolve any dispute or claim arising under this
Agreement. Such arbitration shall be conducted in
accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration
Association, as applicable to the construction industry.
R.R. at 423a.
6. Disputes Arise During The Project
Disputes arose between Faith and Horizon during the Project. Horizon
claimed that Faith fraudulently modified its labor mark-up to inflate amounts
owed for additional work performed by Faith on the Project. R.R. at 7a-11a
(Faith’s complaint against Horizon). Faith claimed that Horizon failed to pay
Faith for the original scope of the work as well as for additional work it was
required to perform. Id.
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Disputes also arose between Faith and Hayden. Hayden alleged that
Faith failed to pay monies that it owed for Hayden’s work and that Faith
constantly interrupted Hayden’s work schedule. Id. at 359a-386a (Hayden’s
complaint against Faith). Faith contended that Horizon was to blame for the
delays as the general contractor for the Project. Id. atb7a-11a (Faith’s
complaint against Horizon).
7. Action I (Faith v. Horizon and Liberty Mutual)
In July 2016, Faith filed a writ of summons against Horizon and
Continental at 5097 Civil 2016. Faith subsequently filed a complaint against
Horizon and Liberty Mutual. Five counts of the complaint allege claims
against Horizon for breach of contract, conversion and violation of the
Contractor and Subcontractor Payment Act (“CASPA”), 73 P.S. §§ 501-516.
R.R. at 5a-16a. One count alleges a claim against Liberty Mutual for breach
of its payment bond. Id. at 14a-15a. In accordance with the arbitration
provisions in the Faith Subcontracts, Horizon elected to arbitrate Faith’s
claims. Id. at 267a-268a (Horizon’s preliminary objections in Action I). In
addition, Liberty Mutual purported to consent to arbitration, despite the lack
of an arbitration clause in its payment bonds. Trial Ct. Op. (Action I),
2/2/17, at 4.
8. Action II (Hayden v. Faith and Continental v. Horizon and
Liberty Mutual)
In July 2016, Hayden filed a writ of summons against Faith at No.
4689 Civil 2016. Subsequently, Hayden filed a complaint against Faith
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alleging breach of contract, quantum meruit and a CASPA violation. R.R. at
359a-389a. Hayden also asserted a payment bond claim against Faith’s
surety, Continental. Id. at 390a-391a.
In accordance with the arbitration provisions in the “Hayden Sub-
subcontracts, Faith elected not to arbitrate Hayden’s claims. Trial Ct. Op.
(Action I), at 4.
In response to Hayden’s complaint, Faith filed a joinder complaint
against Horizon and Liberty Mutual raising claims virtually identical to Faith’s
claims in Action I.3 R.R. at 433a-447a.
9. Action III (Faith v. CBK and EPT)
In December 2015, Faith filed a mechanic’s lien against CBK and EPT.
R.R. at 931a-934a. In October 2016, Faith filed a complaint against CBK
and EPT at 7162 Civil 2016 seeking recovery of all sums due and owing for
work performed under Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon. Id. at 955a-963a.
Since Faith did not have a contract directly with CBK or EPT, no agreement
exists between these parties to arbitrate their dispute.
____________________________________________
3The lone difference was that Count I of Faith’s complaint in Action I alleged
breach of contract against Horizon alone, whereas Count I of Faith’s joinder
complaint in Action II alleged contribution and indemnity against both
Horizon and Liberty Mutual. See R.R. at 11a, 439a.
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10. Preliminary Objections in Actions I, II and III Relating To
Arbitration
In Action I, Horizon filed preliminary objections invoking the arbitration
clause in its subcontract with Faith. R.R. at 261a-356a. Horizon requested
that the trial court stay or dismiss Faith’s action pending arbitration before
the American Arbitration Association. Id.
In Action II, Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed preliminary objections to
Faith’s joinder complaint, again invoking the arbitration clause in its
subcontract with Faith and requesting that the trial court stay or dismiss
Faith’s joinder complaint pending arbitration before the American Arbitration
Association.4 Id. at 760a-930a.
In Action III, CBK and EPT filed preliminary objections 5 requesting that
the trial court stay litigation of Faith’s mechanic’s lien action pending Faith’s
arbitration with Horizon before the American Arbitration Association. R.R. at
964a-1076a.
Faith filed responses to the preliminary objections in all three actions,
while Hayden filed a response to the preliminary objections in Action II.
____________________________________________
4 Alternatively, Horizon and Liberty Mutual argued that (1) Count I of the
joinder complaint failed to state a cause of action, and (2) Counts II through
VI were barred under the prior pending action doctrine, because Faith was
asserted the same actions and sought the same relief in Action I. None of
these issues have been raised in the present appeals.
5 Counsel for Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed these preliminary objections
on behalf of CBK and EPT.
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Both Faith and Hayden argued that arbitration was not a proper vehicle for
this dispute, because (1) Liberty Mutual and Continental had no arbitration
agreement with any parties; (2) CBK and EPT had no arbitration agreement
with Faith; (3) Hayden had no arbitration agreement with Horizon; (4)
although Faith had the right to arbitrate its dispute with Hayden, Faith
elected not to do so; and (5) Horizon was the only party that wanted to
arbitrate the dispute.
On February 2, 2017, the trial court overruled Horizon’s and Liberty
Mutual’s preliminary objections in Actions I and II and CBK’s and EPT’s
preliminary objections in Action III. The effect of these orders was to keep
all claims by all parties in the trial court, notwithstanding Horizon’s
invocation of its arbitration clause with Faith. The trial court reasoned:
The enforcement of the arbitration provision in the Horizon
-Faith subcontract would subject those two parties to the
decision of the arbitrator. However, that would leave the
dispute involving [Liberty Mutual and Continental],
Hayden, CBK and EPT to be determined in this court.
Rather than simplifying the litigation, it would complicate
it, and possibly subject the parties to inconsistent decisions
. . . . Hayden asserts that it is entitled to additional
payment due to delays in the project caused by Horizon.
Faith is seeking damages from Horizon due to delays and
schedule updates it claims were caused by Horizon. To
require the parties to address these claims in two separate
forums would be costly and may possibly lead to
inconsistent results. Joinder of all the claims pursuant to
Pa.R.C.P. 213 is the more efficient means of deciding the
dispute.
Trial Ct. Op. (Action I), at 6-7.
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Horizon filed timely appeals in Actions I and II, and both Horizon and
the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. CBK and EPT filed a notice of
appeal in Action III.
In all three appeals, the same issues are presented for review:
1. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon and Liberty
Mutual’s [p]reliminary [o]bjections seeking to compel
arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s [c]omplaint in
[Action I] based upon the clear, bargained for arbitration
agreement in the subcontracts at issue?
2. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon and Liberty
Mutual’s [p]reliminary [o]bjections seeking to compel
arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s [j]oinder
[c]omplaint in [Action II] based upon the clear, bargained
for arbitration agreement in the subcontracts at issue?
3. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon’s
[p]reliminary [o]bjections, filed as the party-in-interest on
behalf of CBK [] and EPT [], seeking to stay [Action III]
pending completion of binding arbitration between Faith
and Horizon?
Appellants’ Brief, 777 EDA 2017, at 10; Appellants’ Brief, 784 EDA 2017, at
10; Appellants’ Brief, 785 EDA 2017, at 10.
JURISDICTION
Preliminarily, we address whether we have jurisdiction over these
appeals. Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 311(a)(8) provides, in
relevant part:
(a) General rule.—An appeal may be taken as of right and
without reference to Pa.R.A.P. 341(c) from:
***
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(8) Other cases.—An order that is made final or
appealable by statute or general rule, even though the
order does not dispose of all claims and of all parties.
Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(8) (emphasis added).
The trial court’s orders in Actions I and II are appealable under section
7320 of the Uniform Arbitration Act, which provides in relevant part:
An appeal may be taken from . . . [a] court order denying
an application to compel arbitration made under section
7304 (relating to proceedings to compel or stay
arbitration).
42 Pa.C.S. § 7320(a)(1). “An order overruling preliminary objections
seeking to compel arbitration is immediately appealable as an interlocutory
appeal as of right pursuant to [section] 7320(a) and [Rule] 311(a)(8).”
Cardinal v. Kindred Healthcare, Inc., 155 A.3d 46, 49 n.1 (Pa. Super.
2017).
The order in Action III, however, is not appealable. It is not from an
order “denying an application to compel arbitration,” 42 Pa.C.S. §
7320(a)(1), but is instead from an order denying a stay in Action III
pending appeals in Actions I and II from orders denying arbitration. Nothing
in section 7320(a)(1) permits an appeal of an order denying a stay pending
an appeal in a separate case denying a motion to compel arbitration.
Neither is the order in Action III appealable under the collateral order
doctrine embodied in Pa.R.A.P. 313, which provides:
(a) General rule. An appeal may be taken as of right
from a collateral order of an administrative agency or
lower court.
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(b) Definition. A collateral order is an order separable
from and collateral to the main cause of action where the
right involved is too important to be denied review and the
question presented is such that if review is postponed until
final judgment in the case, the claim will be irreparably
lost.
Pa.R.A.P. 313. Here, the order denying a stay does not involve a right too
important to be denied review, because the question of arbitrability only
affects the parties to this construction dispute. See Geniviva v. Frisk, 725
A.2d 1209, 1214 (Pa. 1999) (“[f]or purposes of defining an order as a
collateral order under Rule 313, it is not sufficient that the issue be
important to the particular parties”); Pennsy Supply, Inc. v. Mumma, 921
A.2d 1184, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“[d]etermining whether the Quarry
Lease requires the parties to arbitrate this matter does not involve a right
too important to be denied review . . . because the parties’ rights and
obligations under this contract only impact the parties to this litigation”
(citation and quotation marks omitted)).6
Accordingly, we quash the appeal from Action III at 785 EDA 2017.
APPEAL AT 777 EDA 2017
____________________________________________
6 Because the order in Action III fails to satisfy the importance prong, we
need not consider whether it satisfies the other elements of Rule 313(b).
See Jacksonian v. Temple Univ. Health Sys. Found., 862 A.2d 1275,
1282 (Pa. Super. 2004) (“[b]ecause an order must satisfy all three prongs of
the rule to qualify as a collateral order, we do not need to address the third
prong of the collateral order rule” (citation omitted)).
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The first issue in this appeal is whether the trial court properly
overruled the preliminary objections of Horizon and Liberty Mutual to compel
Faith to arbitrate its claims in Action I. We affirm to the extent that the trial
court declined to compel Faith to arbitrate its claim against Liberty Mutual.
We reverse to the extent that the trial court declined to compel Faith to
arbitrate its claims against Horizon. We quash to the extent that this appeal
overlaps with the appeal in Action III, which we have quashed for the
reasons given in the previous section.
Our standard of review of a claim that the trial court
improperly overruled preliminary objections in the nature
of a petition to compel arbitration . . . “is limited to
determining whether the trial court’s findings are
supported by substantial evidence and whether the trial
court abused its discretion in denying the petition.”
Pisano v. Extendicare Homes, Inc., 77 A.3d 651, 654
(Pa. Super. 2013), [ ] (quoting Walton v. Johnson, 66
A.3d 782, 787 (Pa. Super. 2013)).
“In doing so, we employ a two-part test to determine
whether the trial court should have compelled
arbitration.” Elwyn [v. DeLuca], 48 A.3d [457],
461 [(Pa. Super. 2012)][,] quoting Smay v. E.R.
Stuebner, Inc., 864 A.2d 1266, 1270 (Pa. Super.
2004)). First, we examine whether a valid
agreement to arbitrate exists. Second, we must
determine whether the dispute is within the scope of
the agreement. Pisano, 77 A.3d at 654–[ ]55.
“Whether a claim is within the scope of an arbitration
provision is a matter of contract, and as with all questions
of law, our review of the trial court's conclusion is
plenary.” Elwyn, 48 A.3d at 461.
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Fellerman v. PECO Energy Co., 159 A.3d 22, 26 (Pa. Super. 2017) (some
citations omitted).
The Uniform Arbitration Act provides:
A written agreement to subject any existing controversy to
arbitration or a provision in a written agreement to submit
to arbitration any controversy thereafter arising between
the parties is valid, enforceable and irrevocable, save upon
such grounds as exist at law or in equity relating to the
validity, enforceability or revocation of any contract.
42 Pa.C.S. § 7303. “If a valid arbitration agreement exists between the
parties and appellants’ claim is within the scope of the agreement, the
controversy must be submitted to arbitration.” Messa v. State Farm Ins.
Co., 641 A.2d 1167, 1170 (Pa. Super. 1994).
Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon contain valid agreements to arbitrate
disputes between these parties. Both subcontracts state that “[a]ny dispute
or claim between [Faith] and [Horizon] arising out of or relating to this
Subcontract or the work shall be decided, at the option of [Horizon], by
arbitration . . . .” R.R. at 106a, 152a.
Moreover, Faith’s claims against Horizon arise out of or relate to its
subcontracts with Horizon. Id. at 4a-15a (Faith’s complaint in Action I).
Each of Faith’s claims against Horizon allege that Horizon breached the
subcontracts by failing to pay Faith for alleged work performed or otherwise
relate to Faith’s work on the Project. Id. at 8a-14a. Counts I, II and III of
Faith’s complaint plead alleged breaches of the subcontracts, including the
following:
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COUNT I
30. Horizon has failed to properly and timely pay Faith the
amount owing under its Subcontracts for such labor and
materials, consequently, this failure to pay constitutes a
material breach of the Subcontract.
COUNT II
37. Horizon materially breached the Subcontracts,
including the express and implied duties, agreements and
obligations contained therein and arising therefrom, by
failing to honor and fulfill its obligations with respect to the
additional costs and expenses Faith incurred to perform
the extra work on the Project.
COUNT III
43. Faith, in turn, properly and timely notified Horizon of
Hayden’s claim in accordance with the Subcontracts as,
according to Hayden, Horizon was the source of the project
delays, impacts and/or issues.
Id. at 9a-10a.
Similarly, in Count V, Faith asserts a CASPA claim against Horizon on
the ground that Horizon allegedly “continued to wrongfully withhold payment
from Faith the amounts due and owing under its Subcontract.” Id. at 13a.
In Count VI, Faith asserts a conversion claim against Horizon, alleging that
“[d]espite having received payment from the owner, Horizon converted to its
own use all Project funds and has failed to pay Faith sums due under the
Subcontract.” Id. at 13a, ¶ 64.
Because Counts I, II, III, V and VI of the complaint fall within the
scope of the arbitration agreement between Faith and Horizon, the trial court
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erred by overruling Horizon’s preliminary objection to compel arbitration of
these claims.
The final count in Faith’s complaint, Count IV, is a claim against
Horizon’s surety, Liberty Mutual, alleging breach of its payment bond. This
count is not subject to arbitration.
“[W]hen interpreting a bond, the language of the bond is
determinative.” Berks Products Corp. v. Arch Ins. Co., 72 A.3d 315, 319
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2013) (citing Salvino Steel & Iron Works, Inc. v. Fletcher
& Sons, Inc., 580 A.2d 853 (Pa. Super. 1990)). Liberty Mutual’s bonds
neither include an arbitration provision nor incorporate by reference the
arbitration provision in Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon. Thus, Liberty
Mutual cannot compel Faith to arbitrate any claim Faith lodges against
Liberty Mutual. The fact that Liberty Mutual purports to consent to
arbitration is of no moment, because absent any arbitration agreement with
Faith, Liberty Mutual’s consent is not enforceable against Faith. Cf.
Cumberland-Perry Area Vocational-Technical Sch. Auth. v. Bogar &
Bink, 396 A.2d 433, 435 (Pa. Super. 1978) (“[p]ersons cannot compel
arbitration of a disagreement between or among parties who have not
contracted to arbitrate that disagreement between or among themselves”)
(citations omitted)).
The parties argue at length over the proper remedy when Faith’s
claims against Horizon are subject to arbitration but Faith’s claim against
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Liberty Mutual is not. Faith argued, and the trial court agreed, that all
claims against Horizon and Liberty Mutual must be litigated in the trial court.
Horizon countered that all claims against Horizon and Liberty Mutual must
proceed to arbitration. In light of recent decisions by our Supreme Court
and this Court, we reach middle ground: Faith’s claims against Horizon
belong in arbitration, while Faith’s claim against Liberty Mutual belongs in
the trial court. See Taylor v. Extendicare Health Facilities, Inc., 147
A.3d 490, 511-13 (Pa. 2016); Fellerman, 159 A.3d at 27 n.1.
In Taylor, a nursing home executed an agreement with a resident
which required arbitration of claims arising from the resident’s stay at the
nursing home. Following the resident’s death, her personal representative
brought wrongful death and survival actions against the nursing home. The
nursing home moved to bifurcate the wrongful death and survival actions
and to compel arbitration of the survival action pursuant to the arbitration
agreement and the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), 9 U.S.C. § 2. The
resident’s personal representative argued that Pa.R.C.P. 213(e) required
consolidation of the survival and wrongful death actions for trial.
Invoking the Supremacy Clause,7 our Supreme Court held that the FAA
preempted Rule 213(e) and required enforcement of the arbitration
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7 The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides:
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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provision. Taylor, 147 A.3d at 510. The Court thoroughly analyzed a line
of United States Supreme Court decisions holding that the FAA preempts
state laws that are hostile to arbitration. Id. at 502-09. The “preemption
juggernaut” created by these decisions
instruct[s] that the prospect of inefficient, piecemeal
litigation proceeding in separate forums is no impediment
to the arbitration of arbitrable claims. Indeed, where a
plaintiff has multiple disputes with separate defendants
arising from the same incident, and only one of those
claims is subject to an arbitration agreement, the [United
States Supreme] Court requires, as a matter of law,
adjudication in separate forums.
Id. at 502, 507; see also id. at 509 (“the FAA binds state courts to compel
arbitration of claims subject to an arbitration agreement . . . This directive is
mandatory, requiring parties to proceed to arbitration on issues subject to a
valid arbitration agreement, even if a state law would otherwise exclude it
from arbitration”).
In Fellerman, which this Court decided shortly after Taylor, two
home purchasers filed a civil action against a home inspector and other
defendants for injuries that one of the purchasers suffered in a fire at the
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which
shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made,
or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in
the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary
notwithstanding.
U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2.
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residence. The purchasers’ agreement with the home inspector contained an
arbitration clause; the purchasers had no arbitration agreement with the
other defendants. We held that the purchasers must submit their claims
against the home inspector to binding arbitration. Fellerman, 159 A.3d at
30-31. Notably, we reasoned:
The [home purchasers] also argue that, because there are
multiple other defendants with regard to whom they have
indisputably not waived their right to a jury trial, forcing
them to arbitrate would deprive them of their
constitutional right to a jury trial. In this regard, the
[home purchasers] also invoke notions of judicial
economy, arguing that “arbitrating only the claims against
Historic [ ], and preserving the right to a jury against the
other entities, would require separate proceedings,
separate discovery, enormous expense for all involved,
and delay the ultimate resolution of the matter.” . . . This
argument is meritless. Recently, our Supreme Court
decided Taylor . . . in which it addressed nearly identical
arguments aimed at invalidating an agreement to arbitrate
in the context of a wrongful death and survival action. The
Court rejected those arguments, concluding that the
mandate of the [FAA] favoring arbitration, trumps notions
of judicial economy and efficiency and requires that
otherwise valid arbitration agreements be enforced, even
where enforcement results in related disputes with multiple
defendants being adjudicated in separate forums.
Id. at 27 n.1.
Taylor and Fellerman require bifurcation of the claims in Faith’s
complaint despite any “notions of judicial economy and efficiency.”
Fellerman, 159 A.3d at 27 n.1. Faith’s claims against Horizon must
proceed to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration clause in Faith’s
subcontracts with Horizon. Conversely, Faith’s claim against Liberty Mutual
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must remain in the trial court due to lack of an arbitration clause in Liberty
Mutual’s payment bonds and lack of incorporation by reference of the
arbitration provision in Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon.
The second and third issues that Horizon raises in its brief at 777 EDA
2017 relate to whether Faith should arbitrate its claims in Actions II and III,
respectively. We will address the second issue in our discussion of the
appeal at 784 EDA 2017 below. We quash the third issue because it
purports to challenge the order denying a stay in Action III, an issue we lack
jurisdiction to decide for the reasons given on pages 11-12.
APPEAL AT 784 EDA 2017
The first issue in this appeal is whether the trial court properly
overruled the preliminary objections of Horizon and Liberty Mutual to compel
Faith to arbitrate its claims in Action I. We have addressed this issue above
in our discussion of the appeal at 777 EDA 2017.
The third issue in this appeal purports to challenge the order denying a
stay in Action III. As we did at 777 EDA 2017, we quash this issue for the
reasons given on pages 11-12.
This leaves the second issue for resolution: whether the lower court
erred in overruling Horizon and Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objections
seeking to compel arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s joinder
complaint in Action II.
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J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17
In Action II, Hayden, a sub-subcontractor, filed a civil action against
Faith and Faith’s surety, Continental, alleging breach of contract and related
claims. Faith in turn filed a joinder complaint against Horizon and Liberty
Mutual alleging virtually the same claims as in Action I.
The arbitration clause in Faith’s agreement with Hayden gave Faith
sole discretion to demand arbitration. Faith opted not to demand arbitration
against Hayden.8 Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed preliminary objections to
Faith’s joinder complaint, arguing, as they did in Action I, that Faith’s claims
against them should proceed to arbitration. The trial court overruled
Horizon’s and Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objections.
In this Court, Horizon and Liberty Mutual argue that the trial court
erred by denying their preliminary objections requesting arbitration of Faith’s
claims against them. For the reasons given in our discussion of the appeal
at 777 EDA 2017, we hold that Faith’s claims against Horizon in Counts I, II,
III, V and VI must proceed to arbitration, while Faith’s claim against Liberty
Mutual in Counts I and IV must remain in the trial court. See pages 12-20,
supra.
CONCLUSION
In the appeal at 777 EDA 2017, we affirm the trial court’s order to the
extent that it overrules Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objection seeking
____________________________________________
8 Horizon did not appeal Faith’s decision to refrain from demanding
arbitration against Hayden.
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J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17
arbitration of Count IV of Faith’s complaint in Action I. We reverse the trial
court to the extent it overrules Horizon’s preliminary objections seeking
arbitration of Counts I, II, III, V and VI of Faith’s complaint in Action I. We
quash the third issue of Horizon’s and Liberty Mutual’s brief.
In the appeal at 784 EDA 2017, we affirm the trial court’s order to the
extent that it overrules Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objection seeking
arbitration of Counts I and IV of Faith’s joinder complaint in Action II. We
reverse the trial court to the extent it overrules Horizon’s preliminary
objections seeking arbitration of Counts I, II, III, V and VI of Faith’s joinder
complaint in Action II. We quash the third issue of Horizon’s and Liberty
Mutual’s brief.
We quash the appeal at 785 EDA 2017.
Appeals at 777 EDA 2017 and 784 EDA 2017 affirmed in part, reversed
in part and quashed in part. Cases remanded for proceedings in accordance
with this memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished. Appeal at 785 EDA 2017
quashed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/19/2017
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