UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
_________________________________________
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Roxanne Mathews-Baker, )
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Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil No. 15-cv-1249 (APM)
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Reynolds & Associates, Inc. et al., )
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Defendants. )
_________________________________________ )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
I. INTRODUCTION
This case is before the court on Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 54.
In accordance with Local Civil Rule 7(h)(1), Defendants have included a Statement of Material
Facts (“Facts Stmt.”) as to which they assert there is no genuine dispute, ECF No. 54-1. Plaintiff
Roxanne Mathews-Baker has failed to respond to Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment, as
her deadline of September 14, 2017, has expired. Accordingly, as permitted by Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 56(e) and the law of this Circuit, see Winston & Strawn, LLP v. McLean, 843 F.3d
503, 507 (D.C. Cir. 2016); Grimes v. District of Columbia, 794 F.3d 83, 92 (D.C. Cir. 2015), the
court will treat the facts presented by Defendants as admitted, see also L. Cv. R. 7(h)(1). Having
conducted an independent review of the record, see Winston & Strawn, 843 F.3d at 507–08, the
court finds that Defendants have shown that they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Consequently, it will grant Defendants’ motion for the reasons explained more fully below. 1
1
Because the pro se plaintiff has failed to maintain a current address, the court’s order explaining her obligations
to respond to the motion and the potential consequences if she did not, ECF No. 55, was returned to the clerk as
undelivered and unable to forward. See Envelope, ECF No. 56; LCvR 5.1(c)(1) (a party’s “address and telephone
II. BACKGROUND
In November 2013, a grand jury sitting in this court indicted Plaintiff and thirty other
individuals for multiple drug conspiracy offenses. See U.S. v. Mathews-Baker, No. 13-cr-00305
(EGS) (“Crim. Case Docket”). On April 29, 2014, Plaintiff agreed to plead guilty to one count of
possession of heroin, but the judgment of conviction was not entered until September 16, 2015. 2
Meanwhile, on May 18, 2015, the presiding judge “ordered Plaintiff to be place[d] in a female
halfway house and with work release.” Compl. at 3, ECF No. 1. From May 2015 to June 2015,
Plaintiff resided at a halfway house in the District of Columbia owned and operated by Defendants.
On August 4, 2015, Plaintiff filed this action, claiming that Defendants had violated her
rights under the First, Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments during her time at the halfway
house. Compl. at 6-8. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants imposed a “no movement policy,” where
she felt “kidnapped” inside their building. Id. at 6. As a result of that policy, Plaintiff allegedly
was (1) denied her First Amendment rights “to attend her own church” and to access a law library
to research her case; (2) refused permission to leave the facility to obtain medical treatment and
medication from the drug store, in violation of the Eighth Amendment; and (3) not permitted to
work in accordance with the judge’s order. Id. In addition, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants
violated her privacy rights under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
number . . . noted on the first filing shall be conclusively taken as the last known address and telephone number,”
unless the party files a notice changing such information within 14 days of the change). As noted later, Plaintiff’s
pattern of not complying with orders and refusing to participate fully in the proceedings has already resulted in the
dismissal of certain claims. And “[t]he law is clear that ‘[d]istrict courts have inherent power to dismiss a case sua
sponte for a plaintiff's failure to prosecute or otherwise comply with a court order.’” Angellino v. Royal Family Al-
Saud, 688 F.3d 771, 775 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (quoting Peterson v. Archstone Cmties. LLC, 637 F.3d 416, 418 (D.C. Cir.
2011) (citing LCvR 83.23)). Consequently, the court also would dismiss this case on the ground of failure to prosecute.
2
Although the prolonged criminal proceedings have no bearing on the issues at hand, it appears from the criminal
case docket that Plaintiff sought to withdraw her guilty plea on more than one occasion while awaiting a sentencing
hearing.
2
when staff at the halfway house conveyed certain information to potential employers “when told
not to do so.” Id. at 7. Finally, Plaintiff sues Defendants generally for “discrimination.” Id. at 1.
The court has given Plaintiff ample opportunity to press her claims, but she time and again
has chosen not to do so. More than one year after this case began, the court denied Defendants’
supported motions to dismiss for lack of prosecution and instead issued a scheduling order for
discovery, which was to conclude by December 27, 2016. See Minute Order, Sept. 30, 2016;
Order, ECF No. 38. On January 18, 2017, after Plaintiff expressed concerns about divulging
medical information to Defendant, the court issued a Protective Order with regard to Plaintiff’s
medical records and information, ECF No. 44; yet, Plaintiff did not engage in litigation. As a
result, Defendants moved again to dismiss the case in its entirety for failure to prosecute. On June
26, 2017, the court documented Plaintiff’s egregious history of failing to comply with orders and
to participate fully in discovery, but dismissed only Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment medical claims
in light of her persistent refusal to disclose medical records and information. See Mem. Op. and
Order, ECF No. 51. The instant motion addresses the remaining constitutional claims. 3
III. LEGAL STANDARD
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56 provides that a court should grant summary judgment
if “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and [the moving party] is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A material fact is one that is capable of affecting the
outcome of litigation. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986).
3
HIPAA does not authorize a private cause of action. See Aetna Hudes v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 806 F. Supp. 2d 180,
195-96 (D.D.C. 2011), aff'd, 493 Fed. App’x 107 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (citing cases). Only the Secretary of the Department
of Health and Human Services is authorized to pursue “[c]riminal and civil penalties” against “individuals with access
to health information” who violate the Act. Agee v. United States, 72 Fed. Cl. 284, 289 (2006) (citing 42 U.S.C. §§
1320d-5 to d-6) (other citation omitted)). Accordingly, Plaintiff’s statutory claim is dismissed as a matter of law.
3
Rule 56 “mandates the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for discovery and
upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of
an element essential to that party’s case . . . on which that party will bear the burden of proof at
trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). The party moving for summary
judgment “bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion”
and identifying those portions of the record that it believes “demonstrate the absence of a genuine
issue of material fact.” Id. at 323. If the non-moving party does not oppose summary judgment,
then the facts put forward by the moving party may be treated as conceded, but the burden still
remains on the moving party “to demonstrate why summary judgment is warranted.” Grimes, 794
F.3d at 96-97 (Griffith, J., concurring). When a court’s “independent scrutiny confirms fatal
shortfalls in the evidence necessary to support a verdict in a nonmoving plaintiff’s favor, the
motion may be granted.” Grimes, 794 F.3d at 95.
IV. DISCUSSION
A. Alleged Constitutional Violations
Defendants rely almost exclusively on Plaintiff’s deposition testimony, ECF No. 54-4
[hereinafter Pl.’s Depo.], which contradicts Plaintiff’s premise that she was subjected to a “no
movement policy” while at the halfway house. Because Plaintiff has not filed an opposition and
refuted Defendants’ facts adduced from her deposition, the court accepts as true that Plaintiff “was
given the option of going to a church of her denomination either at the facility . . . or ‘right up the
street,’” Facts Stmt. ¶ 5 (citing Pl.’s Depo. at 40, 52–53), and permitted to attend two job interviews
outside of the facility, id. ¶ 6 (citing Pl.’s Depo. at 48). In addition, Plaintiff “was represented by
. . . counsel” in the criminal proceedings while at the halfway house and, according to Defendants,
4
“appealed her conviction.” 4 Facts Stmt. ¶¶ 3-4 (citing Pl.’s Depo. at 58–59). No reasonable juror
presented with the foregoing testimony could return a verdict in Plaintiff’s favor with regard to her
First and Fifth Amendment claims. 5
B. Alleged Discrimination Claims
Plaintiff’s own testimony also dooms her discrimination claims. When, during her
deposition, Plaintiff was given the opportunity to expound on her allegation of discrimination, she
speculated that her race “maybe” was a factor in decisions regarding her movements only because
“her case manager . . . was white and she is African American.” Facts Stmt. ¶ 10 (citing Pl.’s
Depo. at 47–48). But that fact alone cannot plausibly support a verdict in Plaintiff’s favor. For
“[w]here the claim is invidious discrimination in contravention of the First and Fifth Amendments,
[it is] clear that the plaintiff must plead and prove that the defendant acted with discriminatory
purpose.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 676 (2009). Plaintiff has offered no facts from which
a reasonable juror could find or infer that the alleged decisions had anything to do with her race.
Plaintiff also testified that she “felt” discriminated against “because of her age.” Facts
Stmt. ¶ 12 (citing Pl.’s Depo. at 53–54). But age is not a “suspect classification” that is protected
4
As noted earlier, the judgment of conviction was entered three months after Plaintiff left Defendants’ halfway
house; therefore, it is unclear what order was appealed during her stay. Nevertheless, in order to state a First
Amendment redress claim, “the underlying cause of action and its lost remedy must be addressed by allegations in the
complaint sufficient to give fair notice to a defendant.” Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 416 (2002). Plaintiff
has made no such allegations in either the complaint or her deposition, and the criminal docket entries from May 2015
to June 2015, of which this court may take judicial notice, show no impediment to Plaintiff’s being heard in the
criminal case with and without counsel. For purposes of summary judgment, Plaintiff’s redress claim is factually
unsupported. Most importantly, though, the claim is insufficiently pled as a matter of law.
5
For purposes of resolving this matter, the court assumes that Defendants were acting as agents of the District of
Columbia, which may be subject to liability for constitutional violations under certain circumstances, see Warren v.
District of Columbia, 353 F.3d 36, 38 (D.C. Cir. 2004); Bradley v. D.C. Pub. Sch., 87 F. Supp. 3d 156, 160 (D.D.C.
2015), but to which the Fourteenth Amendment has no application, Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 499 (1954).
5
by the Constitution’s equal protection clause. 6 Kimel v. Florida Bd. of Regents, 528 U.S. 62, 83
(2000). Nevertheless, when pressed about her discrimination claim, Plaintiff testified:
Maybe because one of them were pregnant, and other one were younger. So just
like when I was younger, . . . people have a like a softer spot for younger people,
because they feel like they’re in their early prime or what have you, they’re a
little ways from being a teen-ager, not too much, age 23, 25. So someone older
as myself, I’m not going to let her . . . get away with anything . . . like that. But
yeah, go ahead baby, you know, she just younger, so we going to let her have a
slide pass. . . . I don’t know that for sure. But that’s just the way I felt[.]
Pl.’s Depo. 54. Plaintiff does not describe any basis from which a reasonable juror could find or
infer a discriminatory motive based on her age.
Finally, Plaintiff believed that she was discriminated against because “she was part of ‘a
so-called alleged drug conspiracy case,’” Facts Stmt. ¶ 11 (citing Pl.’s Depo. at 48), but her
criminal status is not a classification protected by either the equal protection clause of the
Constitution or the federal anti-discrimination laws. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 2000d (“No person in
the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or
activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”).
V. CONCLUSION
Defendants have demonstrated the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, and Plaintiff
has not countered with evidence showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. In addition, Plaintiff
6
See Curry-Bey v. Jackson, 422 F. Supp. 926, 930 n. 4 (D.D.C. 1976) (“The equal protection clause of the
fourteenth amendment is not, of course, strictly applicable to the District of Columbia, but the Supreme Court . . . has
held that notions of equal protection inhere in the concept of due process as found in the fifth amendment, which is
applicable to the District of Columbia) (citing Bolling, 347 U.S. at 498-99)); accord Kingman Park Civic Ass'n v.
Bowser, 815 F.3d 36, 39 (D.C. Cir. 2016) (observing that “the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the
U.S. Constitution [is] made applicable to the District through the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment”)
(parenthesis omitted)).
6
has no private right of action under HIPAA. Consequently, the court concludes that Defendants
are entitled to judgment as a matter of law on all claims discerned from the complaint. A separate
order accompanies this memorandum opinion.
Dated: October 20, 2017 Amit P. Mehta
United States District Judge
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