J-A25042-17
2017 PA Super 337
COMMONWEALTH OF : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
v. :
:
:
JAYSON RODRIGUEZ A/K/A DANIEL :
FRANCISCO GUERRERO A/K/A : No. 3119 EDA 2016
JAVIER GUERRERO :
:
Appellant
Appeal from the Order September 2, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-39-CR-0001211-2015
CP-39-CR-0004903-2014
BEFORE: OTT, STABILE, JJ., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
OPINION BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED OCTOBER 23, 2017
Appellant appeals, pro se,1 from an order entered in the Court of
Common Pleas of Lehigh County dismissing his motion for return of property.2
1Appellant is not entitled to counsel for this appeal. See Commonwealth v.
All That Certain Lot or Parcel of Land Located at 605 Univ. Drive, 628
Pa. 434, 104 A.3d 411, 426 (2014) (“[T]here is no constitutional right to the
appointment of counsel in a forfeiture proceeding.”); Boniella v.
Commonwealth, 958 A.2d 1069, 1072–73 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2008) (per curiam
Opinion) (holding that a defendant seeking the return of property is not
entitled to counsel).
2 “We note that both this Court and the Commonwealth Court have jurisdiction
to decide an appeal involving a motion for the return of property filed pursuant
to Pa.R.Crim.P. 588.” Commonwealth v. Durham, 9 A.3d 641, 642
(Pa.Super. 2010) (citations omitted). Since Appellant chose this forum, we
shall address his appeal.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A25042-17
After a careful review, we vacate the trial court’s September 2, 2016, order
and remand for further proceedings consistent with this decision.
The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: The
Commonwealth filed a criminal complaint and Information against Appellant
in the lower court at docket number 4903-2014 averring that, while operating
a vehicle on February 15, 2014, Appellant hit another vehicle and then fled
the scene. Upon the police stopping Appellant’s vehicle in connection with the
hit and run, they suspected Appellant was operating his vehicle while under
the influence of alcohol. Accordingly, the police transported Appellant for a
blood draw and searched his vehicle, which needed to be towed, pursuant to
an inventory search. During the search, the police discovered a handgun
under the passenger seat.
Thereafter, at lower court docket number 4903-2014, Appellant was
charged with firearms not to be carried without a license, possession of a
firearm prohibited, false identification to law enforcement officers, driving
while under the influence of alcohol, accident involving damage attended
vehicle, and careless driving.3
Subsequently, the Allentown Police Department received information
related to Appellant’s drug activities and, following an investigation, the police
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6106(a)(1), 6105(a)(1), and 4914(a); 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§
3802(a)(1), 3743(a), and 3714(a), respectively.
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executed a search warrant at Appellant’s residence on February 13, 2015.
Pursuant thereto, the police seized heroin and drug paraphernalia.
Thereafter, the Commonwealth filed a criminal complaint and
Information against Appellant in the lower court at docket number 1211-2015
charging him with possession with the intent to deliver a controlled substance
(“PWID”), possession of a controlled substance, and possession of drug
paraphernalia.4
Appellant’s cases were consolidated in the lower court, and on October
30, 2015, with respect to docket number 4903-2014, Appellant, who was
represented by counsel, entered a guilty plea to the sole charge of firearms
not to be carried without a license. Additionally, with respect to docket
number 1211-2015, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the sole charge of
PWID. In exchange for Appellant’s guilty plea, the Commonwealth withdrew
the remaining charges at both docket numbers.
4 35 §§ 780-113(a)(30), (16), and (32), respectively.
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On December 7, 2015,5 at both docket numbers, Appellant filed a pro
se motion entitled “Return of Seized Property[.]”6 Therein, Appellant alleged
that “[s]ubject to his arrest, [he] was subject to the illegal and impermissible
forfeiture and seizure of his personal property[,] including...bank account
proceeds.” Appellant’s Motion, filed 12/14/15.
Without ruling on Appellant’s pro se motion, the trial court held a
sentencing hearing on December 9, 2015, at which Appellant was still
represented by counsel. For Appellant’s firearm conviction at docket number
4903-2014, the trial court imposed a sentence of three years plus six months
to seven years in prison, as well as directed Appellant to pay the costs of
prosecution. For Appellant’s PWID conviction at docket number 1211-2015,
the trial court imposed a sentence of five years to ten years in prison, to run
concurrently with the sentence imposed at docket number 4903-2014. Also,
for docket number 1211-2015, the trial court directed Appellant to pay the
costs of prosecution, including a $113.00 lab fee.
5 Although Appellant’s pro se motion was docketed on December 14, 2015,
we shall deem it to have been filed when he handed it to prison officials on
December 7, 2015. See Commonwealth v. Jones, 549 Pa. 58, 700 A.2d
423, 426 (1997) (an appeal by a pro se prisoner is deemed filed on the date
the prisoner “deposits the appeal with prison authority and/or places it in the
prison mailbox”).
6 Since Appellant was represented by counsel at this time, the trial court
should have forwarded a copy of the pro se motion to Appellant’s counsel.
See Pa.R.Crim.P. 576(A)(4).
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On December 15, 2015, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion seeking
a reduction in his sentence, and the trial court denied this motion by order
entered on January 12, 2016.7 On February 3, 2016, the trial court entered
a “civil judgment” against Appellant.8
On February 10, 2016,9 with his original pro se motion for return of
property still outstanding, Appellant filed a supplemental pro se motion
seeking the return of his property.10 Therein, Appellant clarified that, on
7 Appellant has presented no claims on appeal related to his judgment of
sentence.
8 Although the certified docket entries contain a notation of “Entry of Civil
Judgment” on February 3, 2016, there is no corresponding document in the
certified record.
9Although Appellant’s pro se motion was docketed on February 18, 2016, we
shall deem it to have been filed when he handed it to prison officials on
February 10, 2016. See Jones, supra.
10 We note that “[p]ursuant to [Pa.R.Crim.P.] 588,...a return motion is timely
when it is filed by an accused in the trial court while that court retains
jurisdiction, which is up to thirty days after disposition.” Commonwealth v.
Allen, 630 Pa. 577, 107 A.3d 709, 717 (2014) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5505
(providing that a trial court retains jurisdiction to modify or rescind any order
within thirty days of its entry, if no appeal has been taken)). Thus, in Allen,
our Supreme Court held that a defendant may move for the return of property
during the pendency of the criminal proceedings, or while the trial court
retains jurisdiction for thirty days following its disposition of the criminal case.
See id. Here, Appellant filed his initial motion for the return of property during
the pendency of his criminal proceedings, and he filed his supplemental motion
while the trial court retained jurisdiction, i.e., within thirty days following the
disposition of his post-sentence motions.
Additionally, we note that, as indicated supra, since Appellant was
represented by counsel during this time, the trial court should have forwarded
a copy of Appellant’s pro se motion to his counsel. See Pa.R.Crim.P.
576(A)(4).
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“February 17, 2015, a seizre [sic] was placed on [Appellant’s] bank account
with Well[s] Fargo for the amount of [$]6,534.83.” Appellant’s Motion, filed
2/18/16. Appellant argued that, since the money was not subject to forfeiture,
and the Commonwealth otherwise had no basis to seize the money, the money
ought to be returned to him.
In support of his claim, Appellant attached to his pro se motion a Wells
Fargo statement of his bank account. The statement included an entry
indicating that, on February 17, 2015, $6,534.83 was withdrawn by “Liens,
Levies, and Garnishments Case #14781915.” Appellant’s Motion, filed
2/18/16, Exhibit A. Further, in an effort to demonstrate the source of the
funds in his account, Appellant attached to his pro se motion correspondence
from Travelers Insurance indicating that, from November 27, 2014, to
February 10, 2015, Appellant was paid $3,500.00 in connection with a
worker’s compensation claim Appellant made against Kehe Distributors, Inc.
Without holding an evidentiary hearing, by order entered on September
2, 2016, the trial court dismissed Appellant’s motion for return of property on
the basis “it appear[s] that the Commonwealth has not seized any property in
relation to the above-reference cases.” See Trial Court’s Order, filed 9/2/16,
at 1. The trial court noted in its order that “[t]he District Attorney’s Office has
informed the Court that the money [Appellant] is looking to have returned
was not seized by the Commonwealth.” Id. at 1 n.1.
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Appellant filed a timely pro se appeal from the trial court’s September
2, 2016, order, and all Pa.R.A.P. 1925 requirements have been met. In its
Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court relevantly indicated that “the District
Attorney’s Office has advised me that the Commonwealth did not seize any
money from [Appellant’s] bank account.” Trial Court Opinion, filed 11/18/16,
at 2.
On appeal, Appellant avers that his bank statement from Wells Fargo
clearly proves that the Commonwealth seized $6,534.83 from his bank
account, and since there was no basis for the Commonwealth to remove the
funds from his account, the trial court abused its discretion in denying his
motion for return of property. He further avers that the trial court erred in
failing to hold an evidentiary hearing on his pro se motion for return of
property.
Initially, we note that our standard of review is clear:
The standard of review applied in cases involving motions for the
return of property is an abuse of discretion. In conducting our
review, we bear in mind that it is the province of the trial court to
judge the credibility of the witnesses and weigh the testimony
offered. It is not the duty of an appellate court to act as fact-
finder, but to determine whether there is sufficient evidence in the
record to support the facts as found by the trial court.
Durham, 9 A.3d at 645 (citations omitted).
Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 588 addresses motions for the
return of property and relevantly provides as follows:
Rule 588. Motion for Return of Property
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(A) A person aggrieved by a search and seizure, whether or not
executed pursuant to a warrant, may move for the return of the
property on the ground that he or she is entitled to lawful
possession thereof. Such motion shall be filed in the court of
common pleas for the judicial district in which the property was
seized.
(B) The judge hearing such motion shall receive evidence on any
issue of fact necessary to the decision thereon. If the motion is
granted, the property shall be restored unless the court
determines that such property is contraband, in which case the
court may order the property to be forfeited.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 588(A), (B) (bold in original) (italics added). Relevant to the case
before us, if the Commonwealth is not in possession of the bank funds at
issue, then Appellant would not be entitled to the relief under Rule 588. See
generally Commonwealth v. Gayle, 145 A.3d 188, 191 (Pa.Super. 2016);
Commonwealth v. Matsinger, 68 A.3d 390 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2013).11
In support of his motion, Appellant asserted that the Commonwealth
seized his bank records from his home pursuant to a search warrant, and he
attached to his pro se motion a copy of his bank account revealing that, on
February 17, 2015, $6,534.83 was withdrawn by “Liens, Levies, and
Garnishments Case #14781915.” The Commonwealth never responded on
the record to Appellant’s claim that the Commonwealth seized these funds
pursuant to a forfeiture proceeding or otherwise. The trial court never held
an evidentiary hearing on the issue; but rather, the trial court, apparently
having questions about Appellant’s assertions, informally asked the
11While we are not bound by our sister court’s decisions, we note that, in
Gayle, supra, this Court followed the dictates of Matsinger, supra.
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Commonwealth about the matter “off the record” and then determined the
Commonwealth never had possession of the funds.12
The appellate courts have recognized the importance of an evidentiary
hearing when considering a petition for the return of property. See
Matsinger, supra. Here, based on the trial court’s informal inquiry, the trial
court dismissed the matter. As a result, Appellant never had the opportunity
to respond to the Commonwealth’s informal assertion, let alone present his
case in an effort to meet his initial burden of proving entitlement to lawful
possession of property seized by the Commonwealth. See Matsinger, supra
(holding that where the Commonwealth makes unsubstantiated claims that it
does not possess the property an evidentiary hearing must be held so that the
Commonwealth may provide evidence necessary to the trial court’s fact-
finding duties); Durham, supra (explaining the burdens of proof under
Pa.R.Crim.P. 588). Because the trial court failed to hold an evidentiary
hearing and properly fulfill its fact-finding duties regarding the removal of
funds from Appellant’s Wells Fargo bank account, we vacate the trial court’s
September 2, 2016, order and remand the matter to the trial court to conduct
an evidentiary hearing.
Order Vacated; Case Remanded; Jurisdiction Relinquished.
12The trial court made no determination as to who or what entity may have
removed the money from Appellant’s bank account or to what case
“#14781915” referred. Moreover, while there is a docket entry indicating the
“Entry of Civil Judgment” on February 3, 2016, there is no corresponding
documentation in the record.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/23/2017
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