NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 23 2017
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 16-10434
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No.
5:15-cr-00458-RMW-1
v.
BOBBY WADE, Jr., MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellant.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 16-10436
Plaintiff-Appellee,
D.C. No.
v. 5:06-cr-00287-RMW-1
BOBBY WADE, Jr., AKA Dwight
Minnieweather, AKA Jason Patrick Spears,
AKA Sammy Spears, AKA Terrence Spears,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Ronald M. Whyte, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted October 19, 2017**
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
San Francisco, California
Before: IKUTA and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and GWIN,*** District Judge.
Bobby Wade was convicted of being a felon in possession of a firearm and
sentenced to 96 months in prison. The district court also sentenced Wade to 24
months in prison for violating the terms of his supervised release, to be served
concurrently with the sentence on the firearm charge.
On appeal, Wade contends: (1) that the district court erred by denying his
motion to suppress evidence collected from his cell phone; (2) that the district court
plainly erred when it determined his base offense level; and (3) that the sentence for
the supervised release violation should be vacated if the sentence on the firearms
conviction is vacated, because it was part of a “sentencing package.”
1. The search warrant for Wade’s cell phone gave officers authority to search
nearly every type of data for evidence of firearm ownership. Even assuming that the
affidavit submitted in support of the warrant application did not provide a substantial
basis for finding probable cause to search everything on Wade’s phone, there was a
substantial basis for finding probable cause to search text messages, photographs,
account information, and contacts. See United States v. Terry, 911 F.2d 272, 275–
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable James S. Gwin, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
2
76 (9th Cir. 1990). Because only evidence from these sources was introduced at
trial, any arguable warrant overbreadth did not prejudice Wade. United States v.
Gomez-Soto, 723 F.2d 649, 654 (9th Cir. 1984).
Moreover, even if probable cause were lacking, the affidavit made a
“colorable argument” for probable cause. United States v. Crews, 502 F.3d 1130,
1136 (9th Cir. 2007). As a result, “reliance on the search warrant” based on that
affidavit “was objectively reasonable” and the good faith exception to the
exclusionary rule applies. Id.
Finally, any possible error in refusing to suppress Wade’s phone data was
harmless beyond any reasonable doubt. Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 23–
24 (1967). There was overwhelming evidence that Wade possessed the firearm in
this case, including his own jail calls and DNA evidence found on the gun.
2. The district court plainly erred by finding that Wade’s earlier convictions
qualified as controlled substance offenses based solely on factual descriptions of his
conduct. United States v. Pimentel-Flores, 339 F.3d 959, 968 (9th Cir. 2003). But,
the government has asked that we take judicial notice of records establishing that
Wade was previously convicted of violating § 475.999 of the Oregon Revised
Statutes (renumbered as § 475.904 in 2005) and § 11352(a) of the California Health
& Safety Code. Wade does not dispute that the Oregon conviction was for a
controlled substance offense.
3
While § 11352(a) is not categorically a controlled substance offense, the
statute is divisible. United States v. Martinez-Lopez, 864 F.3d 1034-1038–43 (9th
Cir. 2017) (en banc). The government submits charging documents and a minute
order that establish that Wade was convicted of selling and offering to sell cocaine
base. See United States v. Torre-Jimenez, 771 F.3d 1163, 1167–69 (9th Cir. 2014);
Cabantac v. Holder, 693 F.3d 825, 827–28 (9th Cir. 2012), amended on denial of
reh’g, 736 F.3d 787 (9th Cir. 2013). Both of those offenses are controlled substance
offenses. United States v. Lee, 704 F.3d 785, 789–92 (9th Cir. 2012). As a result,
we grant the government’s motions (Dkt. 25 in 16-10434, Dkt. 24 in 16-10436), take
judicial notice of the documents describing Wade’s prior convictions, and affirm the
sentences, because vacating the sentence and remanding for resentencing “would
merely be delaying the inevitable.” United States v. Black, 482 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th
Cir. 2007).
3. Wade waived any arguments regarding his supervised release violation
sentence by failing to distinctly raise them in his opening brief. United States v.
Patterson, 230 F.3d 1168, 1172 n.3 (9th Cir. 2000). In any event, because we affirm
Wade’s conviction on the felon in possession charge, his supervised release sentence
arguments necessarily fail.
AFFIRMED.
4
United States v. Bobby Wade, Jr.
Combined Opinion