IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 17-1190
Filed October 25, 2017
IN THE INTEREST OF B.H.,
Minor Child,
A.K., Mother,
Appellant,
L.H., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Audubon County, Amy L.
Zacharias, District Associate Judge.
A mother and father appeal the termination of their parental rights.
AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Karen K. Emerson Peters of Karen K. Emerson Peters Law Office,
Atlantic, for appellant mother.
Scott D. Strait, Council Bluffs, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Ana Dixit, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
William T. Early, Harlan, guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and Bower, JJ.
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PER CURIAM.
A mother and father appeal the termination of their parental rights. Upon
our de novo review, we affirm on both appeals.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
B.H., born in 2008, is the daughter of A.K. and L.H. Both parents have a
long history of mental-health issues and substance abuse. They both also have
substantial criminal records.
In July 2015, B.H. came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human
Services (Department) after it was alleged the child was left unsupervised at the
swimming pool. Specifically, while the child was swimming, the mother “went to
her vehicle in the parking lot and smoked marijuana. [The mother] was reported
to return to the pool area and passed out near the pool. When law enforcement
approached her, [the mother] did not respond or awaken until the third attempt.”
The mother was charged with several criminal counts, and a child abuse
investigation followed.
The Department learned the child had been living with her maternal
grandmother for some time, and the child was formally removed from the
parents’ care and placed with the grandmother. The child had not had any
contact with the father in several years. When asked by her therapist about her
father, the child “recall[ed] very negative memories including, witnessing her
father often being ‘drunk’ and his extreme physical abuse towards her mother.
[The child] also remember[ed] the fear she had of her father during these
situations as well.” Notably, a no-contact order had been in place since February
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2015 disallowing the father to have any contact with the grandmother due to
threats he made.
The child was adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA) in
September 2015, and services were offered to both parents for reunification. At
the dispositional hearing in November 2015, the court directed the father to
obtain mental-health and substance-abuse evaluations and to follow the
evaluators’ recommendations. The court also noted the continuing no-contact
order between the father and the grandmother, and it advised the parties the
Department should recommend interaction between the father and child when it
was safe to do so.
At the end of December 2015, the State filed a motion requesting that an
early CINA review hearing be held due to the father’s serious threats against the
grandmother, mother, and the Department’s social worker assigned to the case.
The State also requested the court set a hearing to show cause why the father
should not be in contempt for violating the no-contact order and the court’s order.
Among other threats, the father on December 24, 2015, sent text messages to
the social worker stating, “If things don’t go my way today some people will have
a tragic Christmas,” and then “just kidding.” Later that day, he sent the worker a
text message stating, “You people have no idea what I am capable when it
pertains to my kids,” “I will show you [father’s have] rights you witches,” and “This
is war.” In its motion, the State also noted the father had not obtained the
evaluations as directed by the court, and he did not show for the UA requested
by the social worker. The State requested the court require the father to only
have contact with the Department through his attorney. Then, in early January
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2016, the father’s appointed attorney asked that he be allowed to withdraw from
representing the father and that new counsel be appointed based upon a
breakdown in communication with the father. The court permitted the attorney to
withdraw and new counsel was appointed. The court subsequently granted the
State and Department’s request that the father only have contact through his
attorney “until [his] behavior settles down and he conducts himself in an
appropriate, safe manner.”
The father had a substance-abuse evaluation in April 2016, which was
updated in October 2016. Among other things, the evaluator found the father to
have a severe and dependent alcohol abuse disorder. Treatment and a
psychiatric evaluation were recommended, but it was not clear if the father was
going to follow up. The father’s prognosis was considered poor because the
father was in need of stabilizing his mental health, his substance abuse, and his
housing situation. The evaluator also reported the father expressed homicidal
ideations around the grandmother and others. A detailed safety plan was
created, and the matter was staffed to determine if the father’s statements were
“enough information for a duty to warn call.” It was decided there “was not
enough concrete information” at that time.
The father did not immediately participate. However, in December 2016
the father began outpatient treatment and was on the waiting list for obtaining a
bed for inpatient treatment. He also had a mental-health evaluation and
requested help the day before the permanency review hearing. The psychiatrist
reported the father stated he had “problems with anger in the past, focused
towards [the mother] and her family over custody of [the child].” The father
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“continually state[d] that [the mother] and her family are against him and trying to
take his parental rights away,” and stated he had “‘done everything’ that he was
asked to do,” though he had “no explanation of why there continue[d] to be
issues.” Although he had “a history of being angry and threatening behavior
related to his case,” the father did not “know why people think [he was]
aggressive,” stating he was not.
Following the permanency review hearing, the juvenile court directed that
the State initiate termination-of-parental-rights proceedings. The court found that
the child had been involved with the Department for fifteen months and neither
parent had fully participated in the case. The court noted that although the
mother was successfully discharged from a substance-abuse treatment program
in April 2016, she was arrested for a probation violation and spent most of
November 2016 incarcerated. At the time of the hearing, the mother was
homeless and living out of state with her abusive boyfriend, and she had only
sporadic visits with the child. The father still had not had any contact with the
child because of his lack of progress. In January 2017, the State filed petitions
seeking to terminate the parents’ parental rights. A termination-of-parental-rights
hearing was set for March 2017.
The father participated in services thereafter for a short time. He was
successfully discharged from a short-term inpatient, substance-abuse treatment
program at end of March 2017. Based upon the father’s progress, the father
requested he be permitted to have contact with the child. The court denied the
request until such time as the child’s therapist believed a visit was appropriate,
noting the visit was not in the child’s best interests at that time because of the
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child’s fears of the father and the passage of a large amount of time since
contact. The termination-of-parental-rights and parental rights review hearing
was moved to May 2017. In April 2017, the child was placed in foster care after
the child’s cousins—ages two and five—ingested methamphetamine at the
grandmother’s home and had to be life-flighted to a hospital.
However, the father’s progress was short-lived. By May 2017, he was
sending threatening emails to persons involved in the case, including threatening
to kill his attorney and a service provider, as well as their children. At the set
May termination-of-parental-rights hearing, his attorney asked to withdraw and
new counsel be appointed the father. Based upon the severity of the threats, the
court agreed the attorney should be allowed to withdraw, and new counsel was
appointed and the termination-of-parental-rights hearing was continued to July
2017.
The termination-of-parental-rights hearing was heard as scheduled. Prior
to presentation of evidence, the father’s attorney requested the matter be
continued because the father was in jail and could not be present for the hearing.
The court denied the request, finding another continuance was not in the child’s
best interests and noting the parents’ history of not appearing at the proceedings.
After the hearing, the court terminated the parents’ parental rights. Both parents
appeal.
II. Discussion.
The mother argues termination of her parental rights is not in the child’s
best interests. The father raises numerous issues, including lack of the provision
of reasonable efforts, the child’s best interests, and evidentiary challenges. Our
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review of the termination of a parent’s parental rights is de novo. In re D.W., 791
N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). However, “[e]videntiary rulings and rulings on
motions are generally reviewed for abuse of discretion.” In re N.N.E., 752
N.W.2d 1, 6 (Iowa 2008).
Parental rights may be terminated under Iowa Code chapter 232 (2017) if
the following three conditions are true: (1) a “ground for termination under section
232.116(1) has been established” by clear and convincing evidence, (2) “the
best-interest framework as laid out in section 232.116(2) supports the termination
of parental rights,” and (3) none of the “exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to
preclude termination of parental rights.”1 In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219-20
(Iowa 2016). However, prior to termination of a parent’s parental rights, the State
must make reasonable efforts “to make it possible for the child to safely return to
the family’s home.” Iowa Code § 232.102(6)(b); In re C.H., 652 N.W.2d 144, 147
(Iowa 2002). Where the juvenile court has found several statutory grounds for
termination, “we may affirm the juvenile court’s termination order on any ground
that we find supported by clear and convincing evidence.” D.W., 791 N.W.2d at
707.
A. Reasonable Efforts.
Upon our de novo review of the record, there is no question that the father
was provided reasonable services for reunification. He was zealously
represented in the CINA and termination-of-parental-rights proceedings, and
1
Because the parents do not challenge the juvenile court’s finding that none of the
exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to preclude termination of their parental rights,
we need not discuss that consideration. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010).
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numerous services were offered to him by the Department. He even made
progress at one point when he chose to participate, but it was short lived. The
record shows it is the father’s own decisions and threats that derailed
reunification in this case. Reviewing the record anew, it is obvious the State met
its section 232.102(6)(b) burden of making reasonable efforts for reunification for
both parents.
B. Evidentiary Rulings.
At the termination-of-parental-rights hearing, the father’s newly appointed
counsel objected to the admission of several exhibits for lack of foundation and
inadmissible hearsay. The court sustained some of the objections but allowed
the State to establish the other exhibits’ admissibility during the hearing. By the
end of the hearing, the court admitted over counsel’s objections five exhibits—
three current reports from service providers, one current report with the child’s
therapist, and the email sent by the father. Having reviewed the record de novo,
we agree the exhibits were properly admitted.
“Iowa Code section 232.96(6) allows the admission of a report, study,
record, or other writing made by the [Department], a juvenile court officer, or a
peace officer, notwithstanding any objection to hearsay statements contained
within, if it is relevant and not unduly prejudicial.” See In re N.N., 692 N.W.2d 51,
54 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004). Thus, Iowa’s juvenile courts are generally “allowed to
make use of hearsay and other evidence that would normally be excluded in our
district courts.” In re A.M., 856 N.W.2d 365, 373 (Iowa 2014). This exception
makes sense, since chapter 232 is to be construed liberally to “best serve the
child’s welfare.” See Iowa Code § 232.1; A.M., 856 N.W.2d at 373. Moreover,
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the exception is applicable to termination-of-parental-rights proceedings under
Iowa Code chapter 232. See In re E.J.R., 400 N.W.2d 531, 532-33 (Iowa 1987);
see also N.N., 692 N.W.2d at 54.
Here, the exhibits in question consist primarily of provider reports and
concern not only the child and the child’s well-being, but also the parents’
progress in the case. Though the reports were not made by government officials
or peace officers, they are essentially ordinary business reports; these providers’
reports have been routinely accepted since the case’s inception in 2015 and
have been consistent with the reports made by the Department, giving no reason
to believe the newest reports were not truthful or accurate. Importantly, as they
relate to the safety and welfare of the child they are relevant to the termination
proceedings. The mother did not object to the exhibits, so the exhibits were
admissible as to the mother. The father had the opportunity to testify and
challenge the information in the reports—little of which pertained to him—but did
not. Importantly, any threat of prejudice they pose to the father is low, as they
are cumulative of other evidence in the record. See N.N., 692 N.W.2d at 54-55.
Additionally, his attorney was present and able to zealously cross-examine the
witnesses. We find no abuse of discretion in the admission of these exhibits.
C. Grounds for Termination and Best Interests.
One of the grounds for termination found by the district court was section
232.116(1)(f), which, among other elements, requires the State to prove by clear
and convincing evidence that the child could not be returned to the parent’s care
at the time of the termination-of-parental-rights hearing. To satisfy its burden of
proof, the State must establish “[t]he child cannot be protected from some harm
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which would justify the adjudication of the child as a child in need of assistance.”
See Iowa Code § 232.102(5)(2); see also In re A.M.S., 419 N.W.2d 723, 725
(Iowa 1988). “The threat of probable harm will justify termination, and the
perceived harm need not be the one that supported the child’s initial removal
from the home.” In re M.M., 483 N.W.2d 812, 814 (Iowa 1992). “At the present
time” refers to the time of the termination hearing. In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100,
111 (Iowa 2014). In this case, the underlying basis for the child’s CINA
adjudication was the mother’s mental-health and substance-abuse issues; the
father had not been in contact for a few years. Once he was advised of the case
and was in contact, his mental-health and substance-abuse issues became
apparent. Neither parent could care for his or herself, let alone the child. Two
years passed, and neither parent had corrected the concerns leading to the
child’s removal. Both parents were believed to be homeless at the time of the
termination-of-parental-rights hearing, though the father was incarcerated based
upon his contempt-of-court charges. Consequently, the State proved by clear
and convincing evidence the child could not be safely returned to either parent,
satisfying the ground for termination found in 232.116(1)(f).
For these same reasons, we agree with the juvenile court’s finding that
termination of the parents’ parental rights was in the child’s best interests. Even
excluding the most-recent objected-to reports, the record shows this child has
had a very difficult time—bedwetting had continued to be an issue. The child
continued to express fear of the father based upon incidents she witnessed
occurring between the parents. Moreover, the child has been removed since
2015. The parents have had adequate time to address their issues and put the
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child’s needs first. The record establishes the parents have made their choice.
Ultimately, we agree that the State established that termination of the parents’
parental rights was in the child’s best interests.
The mother requests she be given an additional three to six months to
show she can successfully parent the child. Children need a permanent home.
See In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 802 (Iowa 2006) (Cady, J., concurring specially)
(noting the “defining elements in a child’s best interest” are the child’s safety and
“need for a permanent home”). “It is well-settled law that we cannot deprive a
child of permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination under
section 232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be
able to provide a stable home for the child.” P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 41. At some
point, the rights and needs of the child must rise above the rights and needs of
the parent. See In re C.S., 776 N.W.2d 297, 300 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009). For this
child, that time is now.
III. Conclusion.
Upon our de novo review, we affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating
both parents’ parental rights.
AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.