NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4272-15T2
CIT BANK, N.A.,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
RONALD WEAKLY, and MRS.
RONALD WEAKLY, his wife,
Defendants-Appellants.
_____________________________
Submitted September 20, 2017 – Decided November 1, 2017
Before Judges Simonelli and Rothstadt.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Ocean County, Docket No.
F-030884-15.
Ronald Weakly, appellant pro se.
Parker Ibrahim & Berg, LLC, attorneys for
respondent (Scott W. Parker and Karena J.
Straub, on the briefs).
PER CURIAM
Defendants, Ronald Weakly and his wife,1 appeal from the
Chancery Division's denial of their motion to vacate default, and
its entry of final judgment in foreclosure in favor of plaintiff,
CIT Bank, N.A. The Chancery judge denied defendants' motion
without oral argument and, according to the order, he did so "for
the reasons set forth in [p]laintiff's opposition to [d]efendant's
[m]otion." The court did not advance any findings of facts or
conclusions of law, or any other explanation for its decision. On
appeal, defendants argue that the trial court abused its discretion
when it failed to grant their motion.
We conclude from our review that we are unable to perform our
appellate function because the Chancery judge failed to satisfy
the requirements of Rule 1:7-4. We need not - and indeed cannot
- determine whether the judge correctly denied defendants' motion
because the judge erred by failing to make any findings of fact
supporting his determination or otherwise sufficiently expressing
his reasoning.
Pursuant to Rule 1:7-4, a trial judge has an obligation to
render "an opinion or memorandum decision, either written or oral,
[with] find[ings of] fact[] and . . . conclusions of law thereon
in all actions tried without a jury. . . ." "The purpose of the
1
She is only identified as "Mrs. Ronald Weakly" and, evidently,
did not sign any of the subject loan documents.
2 A-4272-15T2
rule is to make sure that the court makes its own determination
of the matter." In re Tr. Agreement Dec. 20, 1961, by and between
Johnson & Hoffman, Lienhard & Perry, 399 N.J. Super. 237, 254
(2006), aff'd, 194 N.J. 276 (2008). "When a trial court issues
reasons for its decision, it 'must state clearly [its] factual
findings and correlate them with relevant legal conclusions, so
that parties and the appellate courts [are] informed of the
rationale underlying th[ose] conclusion[s].'" Avelino-Catabran
v. Catabran, 445 N.J. Super. 574, 594 (App. Div. 2016)(alteration
in original)(quoting Monte v. Monte, 212 N.J. Super. 557, 565
(App. Div. 1986)). When that is not done, a reviewing court does
not know whether the judge's decision is based on the facts and
law or is the product of arbitrary action resting on an
impermissible basis. See Monte, supra, 212 N.J. Super. at 565.
The manner in which a judge complies with the Rule is left
to the judge's discretion. In re Tr. Agreement Dec. 20, 1961,
supra, 399 N.J. Super. at 253. A judge is not required to specify
grounds for the denial of a motion and, instead, can rely upon
reasons expressed by a party. Id. at 253-54. However, the judge
must make "such reliance 'explicit,'" Allstate Insurance Co. v.
Fisher, 408 N.J. Super. 289, 301 (App. Div. 2009); Pressler &
Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, comment 1 on R. 1:7-4 (2018),
and make "clear the extent of [the judge's] agreement with and
3 A-4272-15T2
reliance on [the] proposed findings of fact and conclusions of
law," demonstrating that the judge "carefully considered the
evidentiary record and did not abdicate [the judge's] decision-
making responsibility." In re Tr. Agreement Dec. 20, 1961, supra,
399 N.J. Super. at 254.
A judge "does not discharge [his] function simply by
recounting the parties' conflicting assertions and then stating a
legal conclusion, or, as here, incorporating by reference one of
the parties' arguments." Avelino-Catabran, supra, 445 N.J. Super.
at 595. "[A]n articulation of reasons is essential to the fair
resolution of a case." O'Brien v. O'Brien, 259 N.J. Super. 402,
407 (App. Div. 1992).
There is nothing in the order denying defendants' motion in
this matter that confirms that the judge made an independent
decision based upon an analysis of the facts and applicable law.
"While the failure to provide reasons necessitates a remand, we
are left with the option of remanding for a statement of reasons
or reversing and remanding for consideration of the motion . . .
anew. We determine that the latter course of action is appropriate
here." Fisher, supra, 408 N.J. Super. at 303.
The judgment and order under review are vacated. The matter
is remanded and the trial judge is directed to reconsider
defendants' motion and enter a new order within fourteen days,
4 A-4272-15T2
together with a written or oral statement of reasons in conformity
with Rule 1:7-4. We do not retain jurisdiction.
5 A-4272-15T2