[Cite as State v. Hairston, 2017-Ohio-8719.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Nos. 17AP-416
Plaintiff-Appellee, : (C.P.C. No. 14CR-1091)
and
v. : 17AP-417
(C.P.C. No. 16CR-1856)
Christopher B. Hairston, :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on November 28, 2017
On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Sheryl L.
Prichard, for appellee. Argued: Sheryl L. Prichard.
On brief: Todd W. Barstow, for appellant. Argued:
Todd W. Barstow.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
DORRIAN, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Christopher B. Hairston, appeals from two judgment
entries of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, entered May 8, and May 9, 2017,
which imposed: (1) 36 months in prison for violating previously imposed community
control on a domestic violence conviction, and (2) 18 months in prison for a new
menacing by stalking conviction. The prison sentences were ordered to be served
consecutively. Because the trial court did not make the complete disproportionality
finding at the sentencing hearing and did not incorporate any findings into the judgment
entries, we reverse and remand the matters to the trial court.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} On January 19, 2016, in case No. 14CR-1091 (17AP-416), appellant pled
guilty to domestic violence, in violation of R.C. 2919.25, a felony of the third degree. The
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 2
trial court sentenced appellant by requiring appellant to serve 12 months of community
control with conditions and was advised that in the event he violated the conditions of
community control, the court would impose 36 months in prison.
{¶ 3} On February 21, 2017, in case No. 16CR-1856 (17AP-417), appellant pled
guilty to menacing by stalking, in violation of R.C. 2903.211, a felony of the fourth degree.
On May 8, 2017, the trial court held a sentencing hearing in this new case, 16CR-1856, as
well as a revocation of community control hearing in his original case, 14CR-1091. The
trial court found appellant had violated the terms of community control and imposed a
sentence of 36 months in prison in case No. 14CR-1091. The court imposed an additional
18 months in prison in case No. 16CR-1856, and ordered that the two sentences be served
consecutively for a total of 54 months in prison.
II. Assignment of Error
{¶ 4} Appellant appeals and assigns the following sole assignment of error for our
review:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF
APPELLANT BY IMPROPERLY SENTENCING HIM TO
CONSECUTIVE TERMS OF INCARCERATION IN
CONTRAVENTION OF OHIO'S SENTENCING STATUTES.
III. Discussion
{¶ 5} In his assignment of error, appellant contends the trial court failed to make
the requisite findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing. "An appellate
court will not reverse a trial court's sentencing decision unless the evidence is clear and
convincing that either the record does not support the sentence or that the sentence is
contrary to law." State v. Robinson, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-910, 2016-Ohio-4638, ¶ 7, citing
State v. Chandler, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-895, 2005-Ohio-1961, ¶ 10. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶ 6} "Under Ohio law, absent an order requiring sentences to be served
consecutively, terms of incarceration are to be served concurrently." State v. Sergent, 148
Ohio St.3d 94, 2016-Ohio-2696, ¶ 16, citing R.C. 2929.41(A). However, a trial court, in its
discretion, may impose consecutive sentences for multiple prison terms pursuant to R.C.
2929.14(C)(4). Id. To do so, the trial court must find that: (1) the consecutive service is
necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender,
(2) consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender's
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 3
conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public, and (3) at least one of the
following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple
offenses while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing,
was under a sanction imposed pursuant to section 2929.16,
2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under post-
release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as
part of one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused
by two or more of the multiple offenses so committed was so
great or unusual that no single prison term for any of the
offenses committed as part of any of the courses of conduct
adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender's conduct.
(c) The offender's history of criminal conduct demonstrates
that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the
public from future crime by the offender.
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶ 7} The Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-
Ohio-3177, established that "[i]n order to impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a
trial court is required to make the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the
sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing entry, but it has no
obligation to state reasons to support its findings." Id. at syllabus. In making R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) findings at the sentencing hearing, the trial court is not required to provide
"a talismanic incantation of the words of the statute"—"a word-for-word recitation of the
language of the statute is not required." Id. at ¶ 37; 29. Thus, appellate courts have been
"fairly deferential to the trial court" in reviewing R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) challenges and will
determine the trial court made requisite findings if reasonably able to "glean" such
findings from the record. State v. Hargrove, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-102, 2015-Ohio-3125,
¶ 19-21 (determining that the trial court made the requisite disproportionality finding in
stating that appellant's conduct was the "worst form" and "most serious type" of the
criminal offense and its discussion of appellant's previous similar conviction and resultant
prison stay); Bonnell at ¶ 29 (instructing that "as long as the reviewing court can discern
that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the record
contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should be upheld").
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 4
{¶ 8} In determining whether the trial court engaged in the correct analysis, an
appellate court "may liberally review the entirety of the sentencing transcript to discern
whether the trial court made the requisite findings." State v. Stephen, 7th Dist. No. 14 BE
0037, 2016-Ohio-4803, ¶ 22, citing Bonnell at ¶ 29. See, e.g., State v. Harris, 10th Dist.
No. 15AP-683, 2016-Ohio-3424, ¶ 54-56 (determining that trial court adequately
articulated a consecutive sentencing finding based on its statement "[p]ursuant to [R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)] based on the seriousness of the conduct, the continuing course of conduct,
the court will impose consecutive sentences" when it also generally discussed the
defendant's prior criminal history, pattern of conduct, commission of the offense while on
post-release control, and lack of remorse).
{¶ 9} Appellant argues here that the trial court failed to make the
"disproportionality" finding at the sentencing hearing, specifically that the court did not
find that consecutive sentences were not disproportionate to the danger that appellant
posed to the public. Appellant also argues the trial court entries did not incorporate the
court's findings for imposing consecutive sentences as required by Bonnell.
{¶ 10} Plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, counters that no error occurred because,
taken as a whole, at a minimum, the statement of the trial court encompasses all required
findings in order to impose consecutive sentences. Furthermore, the state suggests we
apply a plain error standard of review as appellant did not object to the court's
consecutive sentencing decision or otherwise alert the court of the need to make findings.
Appellee argues appellant cannot demonstrate plain error.
{¶ 11} In the present case, at the sentencing hearing, the victim of appellant's
menacing addressed the trial court and described appellant's actions toward her. She
stated that after a report of menacing had been filed against appellant, he contacted her.
The police told appellant to stay away from the victim and her home, but later that
evening, appellant went to the victim's home and called her and told her that "no one
could stop him and how he'll do it again." (May 8, 2017 Tr. at 4.) She told the court that
because she "picked up his bag, he strangled me to the ground, choked me until I couldn't
breathe, [and when she tried to leave her house] Christopher punched [her] in the side of
[her] face." (May 8, 2017 Tr. at 5.) She also informed the court that she has physical scars
over her body and further that "[h]e called [her] phone nonstop. He texted [her]
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 5
excessively, e-mailed [her], physically, mentally, and emotionally abused [her], and then
wished [her] dead and threatened [her] life all because [she] didn't want to be with him."
(May 8, 2017 Tr. at 5.) The prosecutor then reminded the court that appellant has issues
with recidivism, was on probation for domestic violence when he picked up this new
charge, has a history of violence against women, is not taking full responsibility,
"continually engaging in victim blaming during the entirety of this proceeding." (May 8,
2017 Tr. at 6.) The prosecutor requested the court impose the maximum prison offense
on the menacing by stalking and the remaining time on the domestic violence.
{¶ 12} Appellant's counsel then addressed the court and asked the court to
consider the results of the pre-sentence investigation which, according to appellant,
revealed that he did not have any "narcissistic, abusive-type diagnosis" and that a risk
assessment suggested he would not reoffend and is a "low risk for violence risk
screening." (May 8, 2017 Tr. at 9.) Appellant requested community control.
{¶ 13} The court then imposed 18-months incarceration on the menacing by
stalking and stated the following:
Pursuant to 2929.14(C)(4)(b)(2), since the second violation
occurred while he was on probation with the first violation, I
find that consecutive sentences are necessary in order to
adequately punish the defendant. I further find they are not
disproportionate to the circumstances.
You know, with the nature of the first charge and everything
that went on with that, he was put on a very limited probation.
He did not perform well. He only had to report four times,
and he committed a violation during that period of time. I put
him on the lowest form of probation I have ever put anybody
on, and he couldn't even do that right, so I feel that
consecutive sentences are necessary.
(May 8, 2017 Tr. at 13.) We agree with appellant that the trial court did not make the
complete disproportionality finding as required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). The
disproportionality finding requires the court to find that "consecutive sentences are not
disproportionate to [1] the seriousness of the offender's conduct[,] and [2] to the danger
the offender poses to the public." (Emphasis added.) (May 8, 2017 Tr. at 13.) The court
found that consecutive sentences are not "disproportionate to the circumstances." In
referring to "the circumstances," and after having heard details of appellant's conduct
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 6
from the victim and the state, we find the trial court complied with the requirement to
find that the consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the
offender's conduct.
{¶ 14} However, we cannot glean from the court's colloquy and the entirety of the
sentencing transcript that the court made a finding that consecutive sentences are not
disproportionate to the danger the offender poses to the public. The state and appellant
both provided the court information regarding the danger appellant poses to the public:
the state informed the court of appellant's history of violence, issues with recidivism,
failure to take responsibility and victim blaming, and the facts of the instant menacing by
stalking; appellant countered by informing the court of the results of his mental health
and risk assessments, which he characterized as revealing a "low risk for violence."
(May 8, 2017 Tr. at 9.) Supreme Court precedent is clear that the trial court is not
required to express on the record how it weighed the above competing information in
assessing the danger the appellant poses to the public or its reasons for imposing
consecutive sentences. Nevertheless, we cannot construe that the court made any finding
that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to whatever the court ultimately
determined to be the danger appellant poses to the public.
{¶ 15} We also find the trial court did not, as required by Bonnell, incorporate any
findings into its judgment entries. The state concedes that findings were not incorporated
into the judgment entries and characterizes this as clerical error and inadvertence and can
be addressed by remanding the entries to the trial court to incorporate the findings into
nunc pro tunc entries. Because the trial court did not make the complete
disproportionality finding, we disagree that the lack of findings incorporated into the
judgment entries can be fixed with nunc pro tunc entries. The trial court's failure to make
the complete disproportionality finding requires us to remand this case for resentencing.
See State v. Howze, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-386, 2013-Ohio-4800, ¶ 20.
{¶ 16} Accordingly, we sustain appellant's assignment of error.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 17} For the reasons stated above, appellant's sole assignment of error is
sustained. The judgments of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas are reversed,
Nos. 17AP-416 and 17AP-417 7
and these matters are remanded to that court for resentencing in accordance with R.C.
2929.14(C)(4), Bonnell, and this decision.
Judgments reversed and
causes remanded.
TYACK, P.J., and HORTON, J., concur.