ACCEPTED
12-17-00370-CV
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS
TYLER, TEXAS
11/28/2017 9:32 AM
Pam Estes
CLERK
CAUSE NO. 12-17-______-CV
In The FILED IN
12th COURT OF APPEALS
Court of Appeals TYLER, TEXAS
11/28/2017 9:32:59 AM
for the PAM ESTES
Clerk
Twelfth Appellate District
Tyler, Texas
IN RE:
RIGNEY CONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, LLC
RELATOR’S RIGNEY CONSTRUCTION &
DEVELOPMENT, LLC
PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS
TO THE HONORABLE JUDGES OF SAID COURT:
NOW COMES RIGNEY CONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, LLC,
Relator in the above styled and numbered cause, and this its PETITION FOR
WRIT OF MANDAMUS, demonstrating that the trial court’s failure to transfer
this cause to Brooks County pursuant to mandatory venue provisions contained in
the parties’ contract was error, along with its severance of claims interwoven
claims arising from the same transactions and occurrences, and would show unto
the Court as follows:
STATEMENT OF NATURE OF CASE
1
This matter involves construction of a school in Brooks County. Real Party
in Interest, Red Dot Building Systems, provided a quote to Relator which Relator
utilized to bid to for the construction of the school for Real Party in Interest Brooks
County I.S.D. Relator was awarded the contract with Real Party in Interest Brooks
County I.S.D., and the contract they entered required all disputes be adjudicated in
Brooks County. Relator then entered into a contract with Real Party in Interest
Red Dot Building System, which also incorporated such forum selection clause.
When, in violation of the contract, Red Dot Building System sued Relator in
Henderson County, the trial court, the 173rd District Court of Henderson County,
Hon. Dan Moore presiding, refused to transfer the case to Brooks County.
Furthermore, to maintain improper venue in Henderson County, the trial court
severed Relator’s third party claims against Real Party Brooks County I.S.D., even
though such claims arise out of the very same transactions and occurrences, and
create the very real specter of inconsistent jury verdicts. Relator herein seeks relief
from both determinations.
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
This Court possesses jurisdiction pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code
§15.0642, which authorizes this Court to grant writs of mandamus to effectuate
mandatory venue provisions. This Court also possesses jurisdiction pursuant to
Tex. Gov't Code §22.221 which authorizes this Court to issue writs of mandamus
2
when a trial court has refused to enforce a forum selection clause, and when a trial
court has improperly severed claims arising out of the same transactions and
occurrence.
ISSUES PRESENTED
Did the trial court err in refusing to enforce the mandatory venue provisions
of parties’ contract?
Did the trial court err in refusing to transfer venue, when the plaintiff failed
to file a response to the defendant’s motion?
Under the current mandatory venue statutes, is Brooks County I.S.D. entitled
to be sued in Brooks County?
Can this Court grant mandamus relief because the trial court refused to
enforce mandatory venue provisions, both contractual and statutory?
Does Texas follow policies and procedures to promote judicial economy?
Is a trial court authorized to sever claims against parties arising out of the
same transaction and occurrence, merely to permit the plaintiff to effectuate its
improper choice of forum?
Is a trial court authorized to sever contribution claims?
Can this Court grant mandamus relief, when a trial court improperly severs
causes of action?
STATEMENT OF FACTS
3
Much like the fabled case of Jarndyce v. Jarndyce, this matter constitutes
the continuation of a long running controversy. See, In re Red Dot Building
System, Inc., 504 S.W.3d 320 (Tex. 2016); In re Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co.,
2017 WL 3224886 (Tex. App.--Tyler 2017, no pet). Such long history clearly
demonstrates improper litigant and judicial attempts to maintain a controversy
before it, when the controversy clearly belongs in another forum.
Brooks County I.S.D., Real Party in Interest (hereinafter referred to as
“School District”) desired the construction of a new building. After requesting
proposals, Brooks County I.S.D. selected Rigney Construction & Development,
Relator herein, to be the general contractor on the project. As a result, the parties
entered a detailed contract containing plans and specifications. This contract also
contained a forum selection clause, mandating venue for all disputes in Brooks
County. Exh. A.
In order to perform this contract, Relator (hereinafter referred to as “General
Contractor”) entered into a contract with Real Party in Interest Red Dot Building
Systems, for providing a steel building. Such contract incorporated the contract
between School District and General Contractor, including its venue provision.
Exh. B.
During the course of performance, Red Dot Building Systems (hereinafter
referred to as “Subcontractor”) claimed that School District’s plans and
4
specifications were contained numerous errors, requiring them to perform
additional work, and thus demanded additional compensation. When the architect
who informally arbitrated the matter ruled against it, Subcontractor filed suit in
Henderson. Exh. C. In response, General Contractor filed a motion to transfer
venue, claiming that mandatory venue lay in Brooks County. Exh. D-1.
Subcontractor failed to file a timely venue response as required by Tex. R. Civ. P.
87(1); the response was filed seven days before the hearing (instead of the
mandated thirty). Exh. D-2. General Contractor expressly objected. Exh. D-3.
Subcontractor never requested leave for late filing, and the trial court never granted
leave.1 As a result, Subcontract failed to satisfy its burden of demonstrating proper
venue; indeed, the trial court had nothing before it which in any way supported
Subcontractor’s position. Nevertheless, the trial court refused to transfer the matter
to Brook County. Exh. D-4.
At the hearing on the motion to transfer venue, the trial court specifically
ordered General Contractor to file a third party petition against School District.
The trial court further indicated that when General Contractor did so, it would
transfer the matter to Brooks County. Exh. E, p. 15. Because such statement
amounted to leave to file a third party claim against School District, General
1
To the extent that the trial court granted leave, such leave amounted to an abuse of discretion,
because Subcontractor completely failed to explain or introduce evidence why such pleading was
tardy. See, e.g., In Interest of Z.W.C., 856 S.W.2d 281, 283 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1993, no
writ) (trial court abused discretion by granting relief when no evidence was presented).
5
Contractor did so. (Additionally, this pleading asserted a counterclaim against
Subcontractor). Exh. F. School District was duly served with citation and filed an
answer.
Seeing its improper venue slipping away, and ignoring the fact that the trial
court had orally granted leave, Subcontractor filed a motion to strike General
Contractor’s third party petition, claiming that General Contractor had failed to
obtain leave. In the alternative, it sought to sever General Contractor’s claims
against School District, Exh. G, even though contribution claims cannot be
severed.
In response, General Contractor filed a motion for leave to file a third party
complaint. Exh. H-1. General Contractor subsequently filed a more detailed
response to Subcontractor’s motion to strike, pointing out that severance was
improper because of the interwoven nature of the claims, and because claims for
contribution were being asserted. Exh. H-2. In the meantime, School District filed
an answer, seeking transfer of the case to Brooks County. Exh. I.
At the hearing on Subcontractor’s Motion to Strike, no evidence was
presented. The trial court claimed that General Contractor failed to request leave
to file its third party petition, Exh. J-1, an assertion which is demonstrably false.
Exh. H-1. The trial court expressly ignored its prior statement that it would
transfer the case to Brooks County once School District was joined as party,
6
claiming it was a “brash statement” (whatever that means). Exh. J-1. Instead, in a
blatant attempt to maintain a lawsuit which it knows2 belongs in Brooks County,
the trial court severed General Contractor’s claims against School District, and
transferred them to Brooks County. However, the trial court maintained
Subcontractor’s claims against General Contractor before it. Exh. J-2; Exh. J-3.
But the trial court was not authorized to sever such claims; contribution
claims cannot be severed, and Subcontractor failed to satisfy the test necessary for
severance. Furthermore, such severance raises the specter of inconsistent verdicts,
and wastes precious judicial resources. Accordingly, General Contractor is
requesting relief from this Court.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
Mandatory venue between School District and General Contractor lay in
Brooks County, pursuant to the contract and the mandatory venue statutes.
Likewise, mandatory venue between General Contractor and Subcontractor lay in
Brooks County pursuant to the contract as General Contractor plead in its original
motion to transfer venue, especially since Subcontractor failed to file a timely
venue response. Accordingly, the trial court erred in failing to transfer venue to
Brooks County, which warrants mandamus relief.
2
For another example of completely tortured and legally incorrect reasoning by the trial court to
maintain venue of the underlying lawsuit, please see this Court’s initial opinion in In Re:
Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co., Cause No. 12–17–00117–CV (Tex. App.--Tyler 2017, no pet.).
7
School District was entitled to venue in Brooks County, and its entitlement
to such venue requires the entire case to be transferred there. Recognizing this, the
trial court severed School District and returned it to whence it came, even though
under Subcontractor’s factual theory, School District caused its entire problems
with deficient plans and specifications. But the trial court abused its discretion in
doing so, because the interwoven requirement for severance was not satisfied, and
because contribution claims cannot be severed from the main case. Accordingly,
the trial court erred, warranting mandamus relief.
ARGUMENT
[A] Mandatory Venue Lies in Brooks County
{1} Parties Contractually Agreed to Venue in Brooks County
School District and General Contractor entered into a contract concerning
the construction of the school. The general conditions of the contract Article 13.1
provided as follows:
Exclusive venue for any action arising out of the Project
or the Contract Documents is in the state courts of the
county in which the Owner's administrative offices are
located. Exh. A, §13.1.
This provision is also incorporated into the contract between General Contractor
and Subcontractor. Exh. B.
Subcontractor submitted its bid for its Pre-Engineered Metal Building scope
8
of work "per plans and specs", with only the listed deviations. Abolition of the
venue provisions was not among them. Exh. B, p. 5. Subcontractor's bid not only
incorporated the plans, but also in section 13120 of the “specifications”,
specifications which Subcontractor referenced in its bid. Exh. B-1. Part 1,
1.00(A) of said section incorporates the exclusive venue provision as part of
Subcontractor’s section and requirements. Since Subcontractor’s bid was per plans
and “specifications”, Subcontractor incorporated such provisions, and now cannot
deny that it is bound by the mandatory venue provision in Brooks County.
Under general principles of Texas contract law, separate terms may be
incorporated by reference into a contract. Tribble & Stephens Co. v. RGM
Constructors, L.P., 154 S.W.3d 639, 663 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2004,
pet. denied). “A contractual term is not rendered invalid merely because it exists
in a document incorporated by reference.” In re D. Wilson Constr. Co., 196
S.W.3d 774, 781 (Tex. 2006). Accordingly, the forum selection provision
contained in the School District/General Contractor contract was incorporated into
the contract between General Contractor and Subcontractor. See, Bancroft Life &
Cas. ICC, Ltd. v. Davnic Ventures, L.P., 2013 WL 1222112 (S.D. Tex. 2013);
Bancroft Life & Cas. ICC, Ltd. v. FFD Resources III, LLC, 2012 WL 2368302
(S.D. Tex. 2012).
Despite any prior hostility to such clauses, Texas' venue statutes now
9
provide:
An action arising from a major transaction shall be
brought in a county if the party against whom the action
is brought has agreed in writing that a suit arising from
the transaction may be brought in that county.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §15.020(b). This statutory provision creates
mandatory venue. In re Group 1 Realty, Inc., 441 S.W.3d 469, 472 (Tex. App.--El
Paso 2014, no pet.). Indeed, this provision controls over all other possible venue
provisions. In re Fisher, 433 S.W.3d 523, 532 (Tex. 2014). As applied herein, the
trial court erred in failing to transfer venue.
Furthermore, the trial court erred in failing to transfer venue because
Subcontractor failed to file a timely response (and thus it was not before the court).
Because Subcontractor’s response was not before the trial court, likewise its
arguments and evidence were not properly before the trial court. Cf., Benchmark
Bank v. Crowder, 919 S.W.2d 657, 663 (Tex. 1996)(late filed summary judgment
evidence not before trial court unless leave granted); unlike the plea of privilege, a
motion to transfer venue is not an evidentiary hearing. Tex. R. Civ. P. 87.3(b).
Moreover, the lack of a response requires a transfer of venue. After a
defendant has filed a motion to transfer venue, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to
present evidence the venue is proper. Tex. R. Civ. P. 87.2(a). If no evidence of
proper venue has been presented, then the trial court must transfer venue. The best
analogy is a no evidence motion for summary judgment; after a proper motion has
10
been filed, the non movant must file a response, or else the trial court must grant
the motion. Lucio v. John G. and Marie Stella Kenedy Mem'l Foundation, 298
S.W.3d 663, 672 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2009, pet. denied).
{2} School District Entitled to Venue in Brooks County
In addition to the mandatory venue provision in the contract, it is also
undisputed that School District is a political subdivision. Pursuant to statute,
mandatory venue lies in the county where a school district is located. Tex. Civ.
Prac. & Rem. Code §15.0151. As applied to the case at bar, this is Brooks County.
And because School District is entitled to venue in Brooks County, the entire case
must be transferred there.
{3} Mandamus Appropriate to Enforce Mandatory Venue
Traditionally, in order to obtain mandamus relief, a relator was required to
demonstrate an abuse of discretion for which he lacked an adequate remedy at law.
Regardless of such traditional requirements, the Texas Legislature has expressly
provided that a litigant is entitled to mandamus relief to enforce mandatory venue
provisions. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §15.0642. Accordingly, General
Contractor is entitled to a writ of mandamus herein if it proves entitlement to
mandatory venue. Id. It has clearly done so. Accordingly, mandamus relief is
proper herein.
Likewise, it is well settled that mandamus relief is proper to enforce forum
11
selection clauses. In re Zotec Partners, LLC, 353 S.W.3d 533, 536 (Tex. App.--
San Antonio 2011, no pet.). "[A]n appellate remedy is inadequate when a trial
court improperly refuses to enforce a forum selection clause because allowing the
trial to go forward will vitiate and render illusory the subject matter of an appeal--
i.e., trial in the proper forum." In re Lisa Laser USA, Inc., 310 S.W.3d 880, 883
(Tex. 2010). Such authority also authorizes this Court to transfer venue Brooks
County.
[B] Trial Court Erred in Severing Cases
{1} Texas Requires Judicial Economy
Texas possesses a long standing policy of precluding multiplicity of suits.
Iley v. Hughes, 158 Tex. 362, 311 S.W.2d 648, 651 (1958); State ex rel. City of
Colleyville v. City of Hurst, 519 S.W.2d 698, 701 (Tex. Civ. App.--Fort Worth
1975, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Thus, a plaintiff can join all claims which he possesses
against a defendant, Roberts v. Dunn, 426 S.W.2d 273, 275 (Tex. Civ. App.--
Dallas 1968, no writ), and must do so if the claims arise from the same the same
transaction or occurrence. Barr v. Resolution Trust Corp. ex rel. Sunbelt Federal
Savings Ass’n, 837 S.W.2d 627, 630-31 (Tex. 1992). Likewise, a claimant can
join several defendants into a single lawsuit, if the claims against them arise out of
the same transaction or occurrence. Tex. R. Civ. P. 40. “Under the policy of our
law to avoid a multiplicity of suits, the courts are liberal in allowing parties to be
12
joined when the joinder cannot result in prejudice.” Roy Mitchell Contracting Co.
v. Mueller Co., 326 S.W.2d 522, 525 (Tex. Civ. App.--Texarkana 1959, writ ref’d
n.r.e.).
A severance divides one lawsuit into two. Kansas Univ. Endowment Ass'n
v. King, 350 S.W.2d 11, 19 (Tex. 1961). Obviously, a severance runs counter to
this policy of liberal joinder. As the Texas Supreme Court has recognized in the
class action context:
Piecemealing personal injury litigation by having
separate juries decide the common and individual issues
works a substantial change in the nature of the jury trial
itself. Such a procedure forces two juries to evaluate
discreet issues out of context and without knowledge of
all the evidence. This procedure can also lead to
inconsistent verdicts between class members. Moreover,
the common and individual issues may be so interwoven
that the litigants would have to present much of the same
evidence to both juries, wasting the court's time and the
litigants' money.
Southwestern Refining Co., Inc. v. Bernal, 22 S.W.3d 425, 440 (Tex. 2000).
{2} Severance Improper Herein Because Claims Interwoven
In order for a severance to be proper, each of the following must be
demonstrated:
1. the controversy involves more than one cause of
action;
2. the severed claim is one that would be the proper
subject of a lawsuit if independently asserted; and
13
3. the severed claim is not so interwoven with the
remaining action that they involve the same
facts and issues.
F.F.P. Operating Partners, L.P. v. Duenez, 237 S.W.3d 680, 693 (Tex. 2007).
Thus, the issue is whether General Contractor’s claims against School District are
interwoven with its claims against Subcontractor, and whether Subcontractor’s
claims against General Contractor are interwoven with General Contractor’s claim
against School District and Subcontractor; after all, these causes of action all arise
from the same transaction.
Claims are interwoven if the same issues or the same issues must be decided
in both cases. See, Coalition of Cities for Affordable Utility Rates v. Public Utility
Commission of Texas, 798 S.W.2d 560, 564 (Tex. 1990), cert. denied, 499 U.S.
983, 111 S.Ct. 1641, 113 L.Ed.2d 736 (1991). Consequently, “Though the
propriety of severance must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, when the severed
and unsevered claims arise out of the same transaction or occurrence and the facts
necessary to show liability and damages with regard to all claims are roughly the
same, severance is generally improper.” Hummell v. Medaphis Physician
Services Corp., 1998 WL 35277043 at 3 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1998, no
writ)(emphasis added).
In the case at bar, the following is just a partial list of identical issues which
must be adjudicated in both the Henderson County case and the Brooks County
14
case:
What are do the plans and specifications for the
building in question require for the pre-engineered
metal building?
What were School District’s obligations under
these transactions?
What were General Contractor’s obligations under
these transactions?
What were Subcontractor’s obligations under these
transactions?
What was actually delivered by Subcontractor?
Did what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
comply with the plans and specifications for these
transactions?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
did not comply with the plans and specifications
for these transactions, was it Subcontractor’s fault?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
did not comply with the plans and specifications
for these transactions, was it General Contractor’s
fault?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
did not comply with the plans and specifications
for these transactions, was it School District’s
fault?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
complied with the plans and specifications for
these transactions, what are the damages suffered?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
15
complied with the plans and specifications for
these transactions, is School District responsible
for the damages suffered?
If what was actually delivered by Subcontractor
did not comply with the plans and specifications
for these transactions, what are the damages
suffered?
Is Subcontractor entitled to the approximately
$100,000 retained by School District?
Is General Contractor entitled to the approximately
$100,000 retained by School District?
Is School District entitled to the approximately
$100,000 retained by it?
Likewise, the following is just a partial list of identical evidence which must be
presented in both the Henderson County case and the Brooks County case:
Copy of initial contract between School District
and General Contractor (containing plans and
specifications).
Copy of contract between General Contractor and
Subcontractor.
Evidence of what was required under contract
between School District and General Contractor.
Evidence of what was required under contract
between General Contractor and Subcontractor.
Evidence of what was actually provided by
Subcontractor.
Pictures of what was actually provided by
Subcontractor.
16
Evidence of whether goods, materials and services
provided by Subcontractor complied with contract
between School District and General Contractor.
Evidence of whether goods, materials and services
provided by Subcontractor complied with contract
between General Contractor and Subcontractor.
Evidence of whether goods, materials and services
provided by Subcontractor complied with the
bidding requirements of the plans and
specifications.
The difference in value between goods, materials
and services actually provided by Subcontractor,
and those required in the contract between School
District and General Contractor.
The difference in value between goods, materials
and services actually provided by Subcontractor,
and those required in the contract between General
Contractor and Subcontractor.
The determination by the project’s architect that
Subcontractor was not entitled to any more
monies.
The determination by the project’s architect that
Subcontractor was obligated to provide certain
items per plans and specifications.
Because of the overlap of evidence and issues, the trial court clearly abused its
discretion in severing the claims. See, e.g., Levetz v. Sutton, 404 S.W.3d 798, 803
(Tex. App.--Dallas 2013, pet. denied); Bates v. First Nat. Bank of Waco, 502
S.W.2d 181, 185 (Tex. Civ. App.--Waco 1973, no writ).
17
In addition to similarity in issues and evidence, claims are interwoven if the
severance may result in inconsistent verdicts. As one court has explained in the
context of a medical malpractice case:
In his fourth amended petition, [patient] alleged a
continuous course of treatment constituting one
continuous transaction, jointly producing an indivisible
injury. Accordingly, the damages, if any, suffered by
[patient] from the acts [patient] alleges in the severed
claims, necessarily relate to and are intertwined with the
damages he suffered from the alleged acts of the Harris
County defendants. At a single trial of all claims, the
finder of fact will be asked, for each entity concerning
which there is evidence of some responsibility for
[patient’s] injuries, to assign a percentage of that
responsibility; the percentage the finder of fact assigns to
each such entity will necessarily affect, and be affected
by, the percentage of responsibility it assigns to each of
the other such entities. If the severance order were
allowed to stand, and the case were to proceed as two
separate suits, then that relationship would hold true only
in the abstract, and not in practice. The severance of the
claims into two separate suits would not, of itself,
preclude each set of defendants from presenting evidence
that the defendants on trial in the other suit were
responsible for [patient’s] injuries. In each of those suits,
the facts and issues relating to each particular entity's
liability for [patient’s] injuries would be the same.
Additionally, the respective triers of fact could each find
that [patient] had been injured and that the parties over
whom their respective courts had no jurisdiction were
collectively 100 percent responsible for his injuries, with
the nonsensical result that [patient] would recover
nothing, despite those findings. On the other hand, the
respective triers of fact could, instead, each decide that
the parties over whom their respective courts did have
jurisdiction were collectively 100 percent responsible for
Jones's injuries, leading to the equally nonsensical result
18
that there would be, at least temporarily, two different
judgments for full compensation for the same injuries to
[patient].
If the severance order were allowed to stand, and the case
were to proceed as two separate suits, it is, of course, by
no means certain that either of these most extreme results
we have suggested here, will actually be realized.
However, any similar but less extreme result that might
come to pass would remain nonsensical, and therefore
unjust, for the same reason. Accordingly, the severance
makes an unjust result, either over- or under-
compensating [patient] for any injuries he may ultimately
be shown to have suffered, not merely possible, but
probable.
Jones v. Ray, 886 S.W.2d 817, 821-22 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, no
writ); see also, Santos v. Holzman, 2005 WL 167309 at 2 (Tex. App.--Corpus
Christi 2005, pet. denied).
In the case at bar, the trial court’s severance creates a real prospect of
inconsistent verdicts. School District is retaining approximately $100,000
concerning the payment of claims relating to Subcontractor’s work. In the
Henderson County case, the jury may determine that Subcontractor is entitled to
this money. However, in the Brooks County case, the jury may determine that
School District is entitled to this money. Both cannot be correct. Accordingly, the
severed claims are clearly interwoven, and the trial court erred in holding they
were not. See, e.g., Madeksho v. Abraham, Watkins, Nichols & Friend, 112
S.W.3d 679, 690 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied); Jones v.
19
Ray, supra; see also, Pierce v. Blalack, 2017 WL 4320411 at 5 (Tex. App.--
Texarkana 2017, no pet.)(denial of severance proper because severance would have
created possibility of inconsistent verdicts).
Furthermore, General Contractor questions whether severance is even
legitimately possible in this context. As previously noted, General Contractor has
sued the School District for contribution; it was School District’s plans and
specifications which created any confusion and Subcontractor’s demands in the
initial instance. A litigant is entitled to have the same jury determine all parties
who are responsible in the same lawsuit. F.F.P. Operating Partners, L.P. v.
Duenez, supra. As a result, all claims for contribution must be tried in the main
lawsuit; they cannot be severed and tried separately. BDO Seidman, LLP v.
Bracewell & Patterson, LLP, 2003 WL 124829 at 2 (Tex. App.--Dallas 2003, pet.
denied); Casa Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 951 S.W.2d 865, 876 (Tex. App.--
Texarkana 1997, pet. denied). Yet, the trial court’s severance order does precisely
this, mandating that two different juries determine who is responsible, based on the
same evidence. As a result, it is improper. BDO Seidman, LLP v. Bracewell &
Patterson, LLP, supra; Casa Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., supra.
As previously noted, one of the reasons for joinder is judicial economy, and
as the Texas Supreme Court noted approximately thirty years ago, “The need for
judicial economy has recently become more acute because the dockets of our trial
20
courts are overburdened.” Wyatt v. Shaw Plumbing Co., 760 S.W.2d 245, 246-47
(Tex. 1988). Furthermore, such liberal joinder reduces costs, not only costs to the
litigants but costs to the system. Atlas Roofing Co. v. Hall, 150 Tex. 611, 245
S.W.2d 477, 480 (1952). But it is impossible to argue that the trial court’s
severance accomplishes this goal. Instead of one lawsuit to resolve all the issues,
now there are two, requiring two judges, two courtrooms, two court reporters, two
district clerks, two juries, two trials, two judgments, and two appeals. The same
evidence will need to be presented twice. The judicial system will be required to
hear and consider the same evidence twice, increasing costs to everyone involved.
Such a thwarting of the policies regarding joinder and severance shows the trial
court’s determination is wrong.
{3} Mandamus Proper For Improper Severance
Admittedly, mandamus will not issue “when the law provides another plain,
adequate, and complete remedy.” In re Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Sevices,
210 S.W.3d 609, 613 (Tex. 2006). Furthermore, the issue of severance can be
reviewed on appeal. In re Hoover, Bax & Slovacek, L.L.P., 6 S.W.3d 646, 649
(Tex. App.--El Paso 1999, no writ); Nicor Exploration Co. v. Florida Gas
Transmission Co., 911 S.W.2d 479 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1995, writ denied).
However, appeal “is no remedy at all for the irreversible waste of judicial and
public resources.” In re Masonite Corp., 997 S. W.2d 194, 198 (Tex. 1999).
21
Accordingly, whether mandamus or appeal constitutes the appropriate
remedy is not susceptible to rigid rules or formulas; rather, appellate courts must
consider a range of both public and private interests in determining whether the
benefits of mandamus review outweigh the detriments. In re Prudential Ins. Co. of
Am., 148 S.W.3d 124, 135-36 (Tex. 2004). Mandamus is appropriate to preserve
important substantive and procedural rights from impairment or loss, and spare
private parties and the public the time and money utterly wasted enduring eventual
reversal of improperly conducted proceedings. In re Essex Ins. Co., 450 S.W.3d
524, 528 (Tex. 2014); In re State, 355 S.W.3d 611, 615 (Tex. 2011); In re McAllen
Medical Center, 275 S.W.3d 458, 465 (Tex. 2008).
When measured by such standards, improper granting a severance is
reviewable by mandamus, and should be issued in the case at bar. As previously
shown, because of the severance, two juries will be considering the same evidence.
Based on the same evidence, the two juries will be deciding the same issues.
Indeed, the two juries may reach inconsistent results. While the severance could
be corrected on appeal, the time and effort spent on the initial cases would not be
irreversible. Accordingly, mandamus relief is appropriate. In re Energy Resources
Technology GOM, Inc., 2012 WL 4754006 at 2 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.]
2012, no pet.); In re Oncor Elec. Delivery Co., LLC, 355 S.W.3d 304, 305 (Tex.
App.--Dallas 2011, no pet.); In re El Paso County Hospital Dist., 979 S.W.2d 10,
22
13 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1998, no writ); see also, In re Lewis Casing Crews, Inc.,
2014 WL 3398170 at 5 (Tex. App.--Eastland 2014, no pet.); In re Altec Industries,
Inc., 2012 WL 2469542 at 2 (Tex. App.--Waco 2012, no pet.). To paraphrase the
Corpus Christi Court of Appeals, “If the [severance] is improperly granted,
taxpayers, the court system, and the parties themselves will suffer a meaningless
trial, only to have the results set aside on appeal. Such pleadings, motions,
discovery, jury selection, evidence, trial and eventual judgment amount to a clear
waste of judicial resources, causing the loss of rights, rendering mandamus
proper.” In re Estrada, 492 S.W.3d 42, 46 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2016, no
pet.).
Even prior to the Supreme Court’s expansion in In re Prudential Ins. Co. of
Am., supra, mandamus is appropriate if the error could not be properly presented
in an appeal. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 837 (Tex.1992). In the case at
bar, General Contractor would have difficulty demonstrating harm flowing from
the severance. First, how would this Court receive the record of the Brooks
County proceedings? Second, the severance would likely skew the proceedings,
potentially affect the outcome of the litigation, and compromise the presentation of
General Contractor’s defense in ways unlikely to be apparent in the appellate
record. For example, in the Henderson County proceeding, Subcontractor is likely
to complain that School District’s plans and specifications are improper, and
23
therefore it is entitled to additional compensation. Conversely, in the Brooks
County lawsuit, School District will claim that the plans and specifications are
proper, and therefore Subcontractor is not entitled to any compensation. The
skewing of proceedings cannot be properly reflecting in appeal after a trial,
warranting mandamus relief. In re Brokers Logistics, Ltd., 320 S.W.3d 402, 409
(Tex. App.--El Paso 2010, no pet.). As a result, mandamus relief is appropriate
herein. See, e.g., In re Greyhound Lines, Inc., 2014 WL 1022329 at 4 (Tex. App.--
Dallas 2014, no pet.)
The clear need for mandamus relief is further show by the trial court’s
conduct. As initially pointed out, General Contractor filed a motion for leave to
file third party petition, but the trial court claimed no such motion was filed. But
more importantly, at the initial hearing on the motion to transfer venue, the trial
court specifically stated that if General Contractor joined School District as a party,
the entire case would be transferred to Brooks County. Exh. E, p. 15. When
confronted with such ruling, the trial court blithely ignored such ruling. Exh. J-1.
A trial court is not free to blithely ignore its prior order. Mercedes-Benz Credit
Corp. v. Rhyne, 925 S.W.2d 664, 666 (Tex. 1996).
CONCLUSION AND PRAYER
Brooks County is clearly the appropriate forum for this lawsuit. The
building in question was built there, and any defective performance or extra work
24
occurred there. Likewise, the contracts in this matter required lawsuits to be
adjudicated in Brooks County, and the School District is statutory entitled to venue
in Brooks County. In light of both the applicable facts and law, along with the
prior history of this litigation, the trial court’s orders herein compound the previous
questionable rulings, ruling designed to maintain venue in an improper forum.
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, RIGNEY CONSTR-
UCTION & DEVELOPMENT, LLC, Relator in the above styled and numbered
cause, respectfully prays that its Petition for Writ of Mandamus be GRANTED,
that the order of severance be set aside, that this Court require this entire matter be
transferred to Brooks County, and for all other and further relief, either at law or in
equity, to which Relator shows itself justly entitled.
Respectfully submitted,
___/s/ John A. Rigney__________________
John A. Rigney, State Bar Number: 24089356
4712 N. McColl Road, McAllen, Texas 78504
Tel. (956) 638-6421; Fax. (956) 618-2218
Email: RigneyLaw@aol.com
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that I have reviewed the above and foregoing petition.
Each and every factual statement contained therein is true and correct. The factual
statements are supported by the competent evidence, which are included in the
exhibits attached to this petition. Furthermore, I hereby certify that all exhibits
attached hereto are true and correct copies of the original.
___/s/ John A. Rigney_________________
25
John A. Rigney, Attorney at Law
CERTIFICATE OF NO EVIDENCE
This is to certify that no evidence was presented in support of the motion to
strike and motion for severance, which form the basis of this mandamus
proceeding.
___/s/ John A. Rigney_________________
John A. Rigney, Attorney at Law
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
This is to certify that the above and foregoing document was generated
utilizing Word 2007, with 14 point font (12 point for footnotes) and contains 5779
words.
___/s/ John A. Rigney__________________
John A. Rigney, Attorney at Law
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing has been served electronically
and/or by facsimile transmission on the following, in accordance with TRAP 6.3,
to-wit:
Carlos A. Balido, 10440 North Central Expressway
Meadow Park Tower, Suite 1500 Dallas, TX. 75231
Ph. (214) 749-4805 Fax (214) 760-1670 Email: carlos.balido@wbclawfirm.com
Jaime Garcia, 216 W. Village Blvd., Ste. 202
Laredo, TX 78041
Ph. (956) 717-1300 Fax (956) 717-0539 Email: jgarcia@jca-law.com
Judge Dan Moore, 100 E. Tyler
Suite 207
Athens, TX 75751
___/s/ John A. Rigney__________________
John A. Rigney, Attorney at Law
26
in Re: Rigney Construction & Development, LLC
Combined Opinion