TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING
NO. 03-17-00148-CV
The Law Offices of John S. Young, P.C., Appellant
v.
Michael Deadman, Temporary Administrator of
The Estate of John Edward Sullivan, Deceased, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW OF TOM GREEN COUNTY,
NO. 14P252-L-A, HONORABLE MARTIN (BROCK) JONES, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
We withdraw our opinion and judgment issued on September 13, 2017, and substitute
the following opinion and judgment in their place. We deny appellant’s motion for rehearing.
The Law Offices of John S. Young, P.C.1 appeals from the trial court’s final summary
judgment dismissing its claims against Michael Deadman, temporary administrator of the estate of
John Edward Sullivan. In four issues, the Law Office contends that the trial court erred in granting
summary judgment in Deadman’s favor. We will affirm the trial court’s summary judgment.
1
We will refer to the individual John S. Young as “Young” and to his law firm as “the
Law Office.”
BACKGROUND
In April 2014, the State of Texas brought a civil forfeiture proceeding against John
Sullivan. In connection with a criminal proceeding against Sullivan, the State seized a bank account
of Sullivan’s worth several million dollars. Sullivan hired the Law Office to represent him in the
proceeding, and the two signed an “Attorney Contingent Fee Contract.” This agreement provided
that the Law Office would receive a fee of 27.5% “of all sums recovered.” The contract also stated,
“Attorneys agree not to settle or compromise the case without the Client’s approval of the terms
and form of the settlement . . . .” Finally, the paragraph stating that “Client gives Attorneys a Power
of Attorney to execute (sign) all documents connected to this representation” was crossed out
and initialed.
On June 3 or 4, 2014, Sullivan died.2 On June 5, Young filed an application for
probate of will as muniment of title in the trial court. Young presented a document purporting to
be a holographic will signed by Sullivan on June 2. This document named Young as the sole
beneficiary of Sullivan’s estate. On June 16, the court signed an “Order Admitting Holographic
Will to Probate as Muniment of Title.” This order found “that there is no necessity for administration
of [Sullivan’s] estate” and decreed “that ALL right, title, and interest in ANY property or interest,
whether listed herein or not, belonging to the Estate of [Sullivan], Deceased . . . shall be and is
hereby vested in [Young], only, as the sole beneficiary in and under the herein described Will
admitted to probate.” After obtaining this order, Young had the funds from Sullivan’s account
transferred to another account in Young’s name.
2
There is some disagreement in the record regarding the exact date of Sullivan’s death.
2
On July 2, 2014, a district court in the civil forfeiture proceeding signed an “Agreed
Final Judgment of Forfeiture,” resolving the forfeiture proceeding against the account that had
previously belonged to Sullivan and was now under Young’s name. In this judgment, the court
found that Young “is now the possessor/owner of the property subject of this forfeiture proceeding.”
The court further found that $500,000 of the account was contraband and subject to forfeiture to the
State and that the remainder of the account was not contraband and was not subject to forfeiture.
The court therefore ordered that $500,000 be turned over to the State and that “the remaining balance”
of the account “shall be released, without encumbrance, to its possessor/owner.” The judgment
was signed by the district court, the assistant district attorney, and Christianson Hartman, who
represented “the interests of [Young], Defendant,” and was referred to as “Attorney for Defendant.”3
Later, a relative of Sullivan challenged the holographic will, and Deadman was
appointed Temporary Administrator of Sullivan’s estate. The Law Office sought to recover an
attorney’s fee from Deadman and Sullivan’s estate pursuant to the contingent-fee agreement it made
with Sullivan, but Deadman denied the claim. The Law Office then sued Deadman and Sullivan’s
estate, seeking $919,197.67, or 27.5% of the amount the Law Office claimed to have recovered in
the forfeiture proceeding.
Deadman filed a motion for summary judgment, which contained three parts. In the
first part, Deadman argued that the trial court should grant summary judgment against the Law
3
The summary-judgment record contains an affidavit in which Hartman avers that he “was
engaged to serve as associate counsel for [the Law Office] in connection with the performance of
the Contingent Fee Contract.” Hartman further avers that he “personally appeared” in the forfeiture
proceeding and that his appearance “was also in the role as associated counsel for the Law Office.”
3
Office’s claims against Sullivan’s estate because an estate is not a legal entity and cannot be sued.4
In the second part, Deadman moved for no-evidence summary judgment as to the Law Office’s
claims against Deadman as temporary administrator of Sullivan’s estate. Deadman argued that
“there is no evidence that [Sullivan], ‘the Client’ in the contingent fee contract, approved of the
terms and form of the settlement in [the forfeiture proceeding], as required by paragraph 4 of the
[contingent-fee] contract.” In the third part, Deadman moved for traditional summary judgment as
to the Law Office’s claims against him. Deadman argued that the evidence showed: (1) that Sullivan
never approved the settlement in the forfeiture proceeding, (2) that Sullivan’s death terminated
the attorney-client relationship between the Law Office and Sullivan, (3) that the Law Office
subsequently had no authority to represent Sullivan’s estate in the forfeiture proceeding, (4) that the
Law Office waived any right to recover attorney’s fees by failing to take “the appropriate action to
ensure that [Sullivan’s] estate was properly represented in the final disposition of the forfeiture
proceeding” and by transferring all the assets of the account at issue in the forfeiture proceeding to
Young’s personal account prior to the rendition of the final agreed judgment in the forfeiture
proceeding, and (5) that there was no recovery in the forfeiture proceeding within the meaning of the
fee agreement because $500,000 of the account was forfeited to the State and the remainder was
released without encumbrance to Young—none went to Sullivan’s estate.
The trial court granted Deadman’s motion for summary judgment without indicating
the grounds for its decision, and this appeal followed.
4
The Law Office has not disputed this point, and Sullivan’s estate is not a party to this appeal.
4
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment de novo. See
Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Rincones, 520 S.W.3d 572, 579 (Tex. 2017) (citing Valence Operating Co.
v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005)). Traditional summary judgment is proper only if the
movant establishes that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that it is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). No-evidence summary judgment is proper
“unless the respondent produces summary judgment evidence raising a genuine issue of material
fact.” Id. R. 166a(i). We may affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment on any ground
raised in a summary-judgment motion and preserved for our review. See Provident Life & Accident
Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 216 (Tex. 2003).
DISCUSSION
In its first three appellate issues, the Law Office contends that the trial court erred in
granting Deadman’s motion for summary judgment because the Law Office was entitled to recover
under the contingent-fee contract it had with Sullivan.
Under the fee agreement signed by the Law Office and Sullivan, the Law Office was
entitled to an attorney’s fee of 27.5% of “of all sums recovered” by the Law Office acting as
Sullivan’s attorney. However, when Sullivan died, the attorney-client relationship between the Law
Office and Sullivan terminated. See Murphy v. Murphy, 21 S.W.3d 797, 798 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 2000, order) (per curiam) (“[I]t is well established that an attorney-client relationship
terminates upon the death of the client.”); see also In re Marriage of Fannette, No. 10-12-00141-CV,
2013 WL 3533238, at *3 (Tex. App.—Waco July 11, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.); Gurkoff v. Jersak,
5
No. 2-07-101-CV, 2008 WL 1700126, at *4 n.3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 10, 2008, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). The Law Office produced no evidence that it was entitled to represent the estate of
Sullivan as the estate’s attorney after Sullivan’s death. Instead, the Law Office argues that it raised
a fact issue as to whether Sullivan approved the settlement prior to his death, that Young had
authority to appear as the present holder of the property to finalize the settlement, and that Deadman
has ratified the settlement and judgment by accepting its benefits.5
5
We note that the Law Office waived any ratification argument it may have had by failing
to raise it in the trial court. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c) (“Issues not expressly presented to the trial
court by written motion, answer or other response shall not be considered on appeal as grounds for
reversal.”); Hubbard v. Jackson Nat’l Life Ins. Co., No. 13-15-00138-CV, 2017 WL 711601, at *4
n.11 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Feb. 23, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Hubbard additionally contends
on appeal . . . that JNL essentially ratified Byrne’s and Way’s actions by retaining whatever benefit
flows from having sold Hubbard a million-dollar annuity. However, Hubbard did not make this
argument in his written response to the summary judgment motion. Accordingly, it is waived.”)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
We also note that the Law Office argues on appeal that Deadman’s motion for summary
judgment was “legally insufficient” because the no-evidence portion “utterly failed to even cite
to a single element that he contended was unsupported with evidence” and the traditional portion
did not cite sufficient case law to support its arguments. We disagree with both characterizations.
Deadman’s no-evidence portion asserted that “there is no evidence that John Edward Sullivan, ‘the
Client’ in the contingent fee contract, approved of the terms and form of the settlement in [the
forfeiture proceeding], as required by paragraph 4 of the [contingent-fee] contract.” And the Law
Office has cited no authority, and we are not aware of any, requiring a traditional motion for
summary judgment to include a minimum amount of case law, or any case law at all. Although the
Law Office asserts that “Texas appellate courts are universally unforgiving of parties failing to cite
to case law in support of summary judgment motions,” it cites only Velasquez v. Waste Connections,
Inc., 169 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2005, no pet.). The cited passage from Velasquez
does not address inadequate case law in a motion for summary judgment but rather in an appellate
brief. Therefore, like Velasquez, it is the Law Office who has waived any argument it may have had
about the inadequacy of Deadman’s traditional motion, because it has not adequately briefed the
issue. See id.; see also Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i).
6
Even assuming, without deciding, that Young stepped into Sullivan’s shoes as the
sole beneficiary of Sullivan’s will and therefore had the authority to continue participating in the
forfeiture proceeding as the disputed property’s owner and to retain the Law Office as his attorney,
the record before us does not include any contract between Young and the Law Office authorizing
the Law Office to collect 27.5% of sums recovered as an attorney’s fee. In other words, the
contingent-fee agreement signed by the Law Office and Sullivan terminated upon Sullivan’s death,
and even if Young had the power to sign a new contingent-fee agreement with the Law Office,
no such contract appears in the record. The previous agreement does not simply carry over from
Sullivan to Sullivan’s estate. See Loffler v. University of Tex. Sys., 610 S.W.2d 188, 189 (Tex. Civ.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1980, no writ) (“These attorneys were not authorized to bring suit on
behalf of [the deceased], her estate, heirs at law, or personal representatives merely because of the
preceding attorney-client relationship.”).6
6
In its motion for rehearing, the Law Office argues that paragraph 19 of the contingent-fee
agreement provides that the agreement would automatically carry over from Sullivan to Young, his
sole beneficiary. Nothing in the record before us indicates that the Law Office ever mentioned or
relied upon paragraph 19 in the trial court. Moreover, the Law Office did not mention paragraph 19
on appeal until its motion for rehearing. Finally, the Law Office’s motion for rehearing does not cite
any authority in support of its interpretation of paragraph 19. It would not be reasonable to reverse
the trial court’s summary judgment on the basis of contractual language that was never brought to
the trial court’s attention. We conclude that the Law Office has waived any argument it may have
concerning paragraph 19 because it failed to raise the issue in the trial court or in its appellate briefing.
See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a), 38.1(i); Mikob Props., Inc. v. Joachim,
468 S.W.3d 587, 597–98 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, pet. denied) (“An appellate court cannot reverse
based on a complaint not raised in the trial court. Thus, to the extent K & K now rely on paragraphs
3–7 as an independent ground for their breach of contract claim, the argument was not preserved
for our review.”) (citation omitted); Abraham v. Ryland Mortg. Co., 995 S.W.2d 890, 895 (Tex.
App.—El Paso 1999, no pet.) (holding that Ryland failed to preserve the argument that “paragraph
seventeen of the deed of trust allows Ryland to foreclose upon notice that an interest in the property
has been sold or transferred”). Accordingly, we will not consider paragraph 19 in our analysis.
7
Absent a new contract between Young (as representative of Sullivan’s estate) and the
Law Office, the trial court had no evidence before it that the Law Office was entitled to an attorney’s
fee. Instead, Young may, or may not, be entitled to recover the entire account, along with the rest
of Sullivan’s estate, as the sole beneficiary of Sullivan’s will—a question which, to our knowledge,
remains pending in the trial court. Put another way, there is no evidence that the Law Office
recovered any sums pursuant to the contingent-fee agreement, because the agreement terminated
upon Sullivan’s death. Therefore, we will not reverse the trial court’s summary judgment on the
ground that the Law Office was entitled to recover under the contingent-fee agreement.
Accordingly, we overrule the Law Office’s first three appellate issues.
In its fourth issue, the Law Office contends that, even if it is not entitled to recover
under the contingent-fee agreement, the trial court erred in granting Deadman’s motion for summary
judgment because the Law Office is entitled to recover in quantum meruit. However, the Law Office
did not plead a quantum meruit claim in the trial court. Therefore, it has waived any quantum meruit
claim it may have had. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); see also Dobbins v. Redden, 785 S.W.2d 377,
378 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam) (“While the theory of quantum meruit might have provided Redden
with an alternate ground of recovery, Redden did not plead this theory. The failure to plead quantum
meruit is more than relevant to the outcome of this case; it is dispositive.”) (citation omitted).
Accordingly, we overrule the Law Office’s fourth issue.
8
CONCLUSION
Having overruled each of the Law Office’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s
summary judgment.7
__________________________________________
Scott K. Field, Justice
Before Justices Puryear, Field, and Bourland
Affirmed on Motion for Rehearing
Filed: December 5, 2017
7
Deadman has filed a supplemental record with this Court, and the Law Office has objected
to the supplemental record as containing documents outside the appellate record. We have reviewed
these documents and concluded that they have no effect on our disposition of this appeal. Because
we have not relied upon these documents in any way, we need not decide whether they are properly
before us. Accordingly, having now resolved this appeal, we dismiss the Law Office’s motion to
strike the supplemental record as moot.
9