IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 44433
STATE OF IDAHO, ) 2017 Opinion No. 67
)
Plaintiff-Respondent, ) Filed: December 19, 2017
)
v. ) Karel A. Lehrman, Clerk
)
MARJORIE BALLS KRAMBULE, )
)
Defendant-Appellant. )
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Sixth Judicial District, State of Idaho,
Franklin County. Hon. Mitchell W. Brown, District Judge.
The appeal is dismissed.
Eric D. Fredericksen, State Appellate Public Defender; Andrea W. Reynolds,
Deputy Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Mark W. Olson, Deputy Attorney
General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
GRATTON, Chief Judge
Marjorie Balls Krambule appeals from the district court’s order revoking her withheld
judgment and continuing probation. She asserts the district court erred by allowing her to enter a
guilty plea and be sentenced in a pro se capacity without first obtaining a valid waiver of her
right to counsel.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Krambule was charged with felony possession of a controlled substance
(methamphetamine), Idaho Code § 37-2732(c)(1). The district court appointed a public defender
to represent her. Krambule entered into a plea agreement with the State in which she agreed to
enter an Alford 1 plea of guilty to an amended charge of accessory to possession of
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North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970).
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methamphetamine, I.C. § 37-2732(c)(1), and in return the State would recommend a withheld
judgment and probation. The district court accepted her plea and scheduled the case for
sentencing.
Krambule filed a motion to withdraw her guilty plea prior to sentencing. At the hearing
on the motion, her court-appointed counsel made a motion to withdraw as counsel based on
Krambule’s desire to retain private counsel. The district court granted both motions. Thereafter,
Krambule’s private counsel filed a notice of appearance.
Prior to commencement of the continued jury trial, her private counsel also filed a motion
to withdraw as counsel due to Krambule’s request to terminate the representation. A hearing on
this motion was held in January 2015. After consulting with Krambule, her counsel told the
court that Krambule wanted to try to reach an agreement with the prosecutor and, if she were
unsuccessful, then she wanted to retain new private counsel. The prosecutor indicated that he
would speak with Krambule directly if the court granted her counsel’s motion to withdraw. The
court granted the motion and Krambule met with the prosecutor and shortly thereafter he
informed the court that a plea agreement had been reached. The plea agreement was similar to
the one previously reached where Krambule would enter an Alford plea to an amended charge of
accessory to possession of methamphetamine, the State would recommend a withheld judgment
and probation, and also included an agreement by the State to dismiss a related misdemeanor
drug paraphernalia charge. On January 22, 2015, the court accepted the plea, entered a withheld
judgment, and placed Krambule on probation for three years.
In March 2016, the State filed a report of a probation violation alleging Krambule had
violated her probation by testing positive for methamphetamine. Krambule appeared at a hearing
without counsel, indicated she would like to be represented by counsel, and the court appointed a
public defender. After an evidentiary hearing, the court entered an order on August 1, 2016,
finding Krambule had violated the terms of her probation, revoked her withheld judgment, and
imposed a sentence of four years with two years determinate. Krambule timely appeals from the
order revoking her withheld judgment.
II.
ANALYSIS
Krambule asserts the withheld judgment entered in January 2015 was void because the
district court allowed her to enter a guilty plea and be sentenced in a pro se capacity without first
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obtaining a valid waiver of her right to counsel. On appeal, Krambule asserts this Court should
vacate the August 2016 order because the district court could not revoke a withheld judgment
that was void. Alternatively, Krambule argues that her conviction for possession should be
vacated because her plea and sentence were without representation by counsel constituting a
structural defect. Conversely, the State contends that this Court lacks jurisdiction to consider the
merits of the arguments raised by Krambule because the notice of appeal is timely only from the
order revoking probation, and therefore the issues on appeal are restricted to that order.
Whether a court lacks jurisdiction is a question of law, over which this Court exercises
free review. State v. Jones, 140 Idaho 755, 757, 101 P.3d 699, 701 (2004). Pursuant to Idaho
Appellate Rule 21, failure to file a notice of appeal with the clerk of the district court within the
time limits prescribed by the appellate rules deprives the appellate courts of jurisdiction over the
appeal. Idaho Appellate Rule 14 provides, in part:
Any appeal . . . may be made only by physically filing a notice of appeal with the
clerk of the district court within 42 days from the date evidenced by the filing
stamp of the clerk of the court on any judgment or order of the district court
appealable as a matter of right in any civil or criminal action.
A probationary period does not extend the time in which a defendant may appeal from
the judgment of conviction and sentence. State v. Jensen, 138 Idaho 941, 944, 71 P.3d 1088,
1091 (Ct. App. 2003). In Jensen, after his probation was revoked, Jensen asserted that the
court’s imposition of consecutive punishments for battery and resisting and obstructing officers
violated the Double Jeopardy Clauses of the state and federal constitutions. Id. at 943, 71 P.3d at
1090. This Court concluded that such a challenge was not properly presented to the district court
or to this Court because it was not raised by a timely appeal from Jensen’s judgment of
conviction, and the issue cannot properly be presented through an appeal from an order revoking
probation. Id.
Similarly in State v. Dryden, 105 Idaho 848, 852, 673 P.2d 809, 813 (Ct. App. 1983), the
appellant argued that his sentences were unduly harsh after his probation was revoked. Id. A
district court may reduce a sentence upon revocation of probation, but it is not required to do so
under Idaho Criminal Rule 35. Dryden, 105 Idaho at 853, 673 P.3d at 814. This Court noted
that no appeal was taken within the required forty-two days from the judgment of conviction, and
the appellant was instead appealing from the order revoking his probation. Id. at 852, 673 P.3d
at 813. As such, the Court held that the issues on appeal are confined to that order. Therefore,
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this Court was limited to a determination of whether the sentences were unduly harsh under the
circumstances existing when they were executed upon revocation of probation, which it
concluded they were not. Id.
Krambule contends this Court has jurisdiction and may address the validity of the
underlying conviction and turns to State v. Farfan-Galvan, 161 Idaho 610, 389 P.3d 155 (2016),
and Burgett v. Texas, 389 U.S. 109 (1967), and language therein suggesting that a judgment
rendered after a denial or invalid waiver of counsel is void. She argues that a void judgment may
be challenged at any time. In essence, Krambule asserts that while “typically” this Court does
not have jurisdiction to rule upon the underlying judgment from which no timely appeal was
taken, in circumstances, as in this case, where the asserted error is an invalid waiver of counsel,
the Court does have jurisdiction to review the underlying conviction when the appeal is timely
from the revocation of probation. Farfan-Galvan and Burgett do not extend or modify
jurisdiction of courts based on a judgment being allegedly void due to a denial or invalid waiver
of counsel; they provide a defendant in a collateral proceeding a means to challenge a prior
conviction that is used to enhance a penalty in the subsequent case. This is not a collateral
proceeding. Moreover, while Farfan-Galvan and Burgett allowed a collateral challenge to a
prior constitutionally infirm judgment as void, the successful challenge to the prior conviction
does not affect the underlying conviction. They do not stand for the principle that a
constitutionally infirm judgment, whether based upon a denial of counsel or otherwise, is subject
to direct attack at any time on the ground that the judgment is void.
Krambule’s arguments on appeal relate to the court’s withheld judgment entered on
January 22, 2015. She asserts various constitutional violations regarding the court’s alleged
failure to first obtain a valid waiver of her right to counsel prior to her pro se guilty plea. The
order revoking her withheld judgment was entered on August 1, 2016. Krambule’s notice of
appeal was filed on August 10, 2016. While Krambule asserts that Jensen and Dryden are
distinguishable because she is not challenging whether the underlying sentence is reasonable or
whether there is a constitutional defect in the underlying sentence, the applicable rule of law is
that when a notice of appeal is timely only from an order revoking probation, then the issues on
appeal are restricted to that order. Krambule had the opportunity to challenge the
constitutionality of her guilty plea upon which the withheld judgment was based; however, she
was required to do this by March 5, 2015, forty-two days from the order withholding judgment.
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Therefore, it follows that her arguments regarding the January 22, 2015, withheld judgment
based on alleged constitutional violations in her pro se guilty plea are untimely. This appeal is
not timely to challenge Krambule’s underlying conviction regardless of whether she asserts the
conviction was void, is challengeable as fundamental error, or as structural error. Appellate
court jurisdiction is not expanded by these claims when the appeal is not timely from the
conviction challenged. Because this Court lacks jurisdiction to address Krambule’s claims
regarding the withheld judgment, this appeal must be dismissed.
III.
CONCLUSION
Because this Court lacks jurisdiction to consider the merits of the arguments raised by
Krambule, the appeal is dismissed.
Judge GUTIERREZ and Judge HUSKEY CONCUR.
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