[Cite as Condon v. Rockich, 2018-Ohio-71.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
HEATHER CONDON C.A. No. 28479
Appellant
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
RYAN ROCKICH COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellee CASE No. DR-2005-08-2704
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 10, 2018
CARR, Judge.
{¶1} Appellee Heather Condon (“Mother”) appeals from the judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. This Court affirms in part, and
reverses in part.
I.
{¶2} Mother and Appellee Ryan Rockich (“Father”) were married in 1996 and three
children were born of the marriage: S.R. (d.o.b. 5-10-00), H.R. (d.o.b. 7-31-01), and E.R. (d.o.b.
5-29-03). The parties divorced in 2006 and a shared parenting plan was made a part of the
decree. It provided that Mother was the residential parent of the children at all times, provided
parenting time for Father, and ordered Father to pay child support. In 2006, Mother filed notices
of intent to relocate the children to New Jersey. Father did not file objections to the notices.
Mother relocated to New Jersey with the children, completed nursing school, and subsequently
remarried. Mother’s husband has a son from a prior relationship whom he has custody of and is
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close in age to E.R. In 2010, Mother and Mother’s husband also had a child together. During
the course of the litigation, Father also remarried.
{¶3} Mother and Mother’s husband began experiencing marital problems and on
several occasions separated, sometimes only briefly. Father maintained that Mother separated at
least five times from her husband and brought the children back to Ohio on at least three
occasions; however, Mother denied that assertion. Mother did acknowledge that in August 2011
she separated from her husband for 18 months. At that point, Mother asked Father to care for the
children for the school year. Father enrolled the children in Barberton schools. Mother and
Father entered into an agreed entry on March 27, 2012 reflecting that the three children would
reside with Father for the 2011-2012 school year. On August 2, 2012, Mother and Father
entered into another agreed entry providing that the three children would reside with Father for
the 2012-2013 school year and that Father would be relieved of paying child support for that
time period. In part, Mother blamed her instability and marital discord on having Graves
Disease, which is an autoimmune condition that causes overproduction of a thyroid hormone,
which can cause mood swings and irritability. Mother was able to control the condition through
medication.
{¶4} On December 3, 2012, Father filed a motion seeking the reallocation of parental
rights and responsibilities, modification of parenting time, and modification of child support. A
magistrate issued a provisional order on February 21, 2013. Therein, the magistrate found that
the parties’ agreed entry from August 2, 2012, “in essence, designated [Father] as the residential
parent of the children[.]” The magistrate ordered that the shared parenting plan would “remain
in effect, except as modified” below. The magistrate designated Father as “the temporary
residential parent” and the “temporary residential parent * * * for school purposes[.]” Mother
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was to have parenting time one weekend a month in Ohio and the standard parenting time
schedule applied to holidays, days of special meaning, and summer vacation.
{¶5} Beginning in 2014, the matter proceeded to trial. However, the litigation was
contentious and prolonged. At one point, Mother was limited to supervised visitation. A
guardian ad litem (“GAL”) was appointed, and the children also received counsel when it was
discovered their wishes conflicted with the recommendation of the GAL. Moreover, two
custody evaluations were conducted. Multiple hearings and trial dates were held, the last of
which was not held until February 5, 2016. Numerous motions were filed in the interim,
including motions seeking to hold Mother in contempt for violations of various orders.
Ultimately, the GAL and both custody evaluators that testified at trial recommended that the
children remain in Father’s care.
{¶6} In May 2016, the magistrate issued a decision, which the trial court adopted the
same day. The magistrate found that it was in the children’s best interests to terminate the shared
parenting plan and name Father the sole legal custodian and residential parent. Mother was
ordered to engage in counseling and Mother and children were to engage in family counseling.
Mother was to continue with supervised visitation until unsupervised contact was suggested by
her counselor, the family counselor, and the children’s counselors. Subsequently, Mother was to
have “Regular Parenting Time” as specified in the entry. For the period from December 3, 2012
through December 31, 2014, Mother was ordered to pay $1,214.50 in child support and was
ordered to pay $1,346.83 in child support effective January 1, 2015. Additionally, Mother was
ordered to pay $20,840 for attorney fees and extraordinary costs due to Mother’s violation of the
civil rules, frivolous conduct, contempt, and discovery violations.
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{¶7} Mother filed timely objections to the magistrate’s decision and requested
transcripts of the hearings. After the transcripts were filed, Mother moved for an extension of
time to file supplemental objections, which was granted. Thereafter, Mother filed supplemental
objections. On January 4, 2017, the trial court issued an entry addressing the objections. The
trial court concluded that shared parenting was not in the children’s best interests and that Father
should be named the sole residential parent and legal custodian. The trial court listed factors that
it found important, including that the parties were unable to communicate in a meaningful way,
the children were well adjusted to living with Father, that Father was more likely to honor court
ordered visitation, and that the GAL recommended that the children reside with Father.
Additionally, the trial court increased the sanctions against Mother to $25,000.
{¶8} Mother has appealed, raising five assignments of error for our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT IN ALLOWING TAPE RECORDED
CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN MOTHER, THE MINOR CHILDREN, AND
MOTHER’S SPOUSE TO BE USED AS EVIDENCE AT TRIAL WAS A
VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF EVIDENCE, PREJUDICIAL AND AN
ERROR OF LAW[.]
{¶9} Mother argues in her first assignment of error that the trial court erred in allowing
the audio tape recordings of Mother’s and Mother’s husband’s conversations with the children to
be used as evidence.
{¶10} “Generally, this Court reviews a trial court’s action with respect to a magistrate’s
decision for an abuse of discretion.” Pflaum v. Summit Cty. Animal Control, 9th Dist. Summit
No. 28335, 2017-Ohio-4166, ¶ 11, citing Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. Medina No.
08CA0049-M, 2009-Ohio-3139, ¶ 17. An abuse of discretion implies that the trial court’s
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attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219 (1983). “‘In so doing, we consider the trial court’s action with reference to the nature
of the underlying matter.’” Pflaum at ¶ 11, quoting Tabatabai at ¶ 18.
{¶11} At the initial trial date in February 2014, Father’s counsel asked Mother various
questions related to what she discussed with the children when she spoke to them, and what she
allowed her husband to discuss with the children, including court proceedings, financial and
litigation costs, as well as whether she undermined or spoke negatively about Father. Largely
without objection,1 Father’s counsel then played conversations purported to be between Mother
(and sometimes Mother’s husband) and the children that Father had recorded.
{¶12} Those recordings were also discussed at the May 21, 2015 hearing. Therein,
Mother acknowledged that at the prior hearing she had admitted to: discussing the case with the
children, discussing litigation costs with the children, telling H.R. to tell the magistrate certain
things, allowing her husband to talk to the children about court proceedings, and undermining
Father’s relationship with the children. There were no objections raised to this line of
questioning. Mother, without objection, made similar acknowledgements relative to the
recordings at the September 28, 2015 hearing.
{¶13} Finally, at the November 18, 2015 hearing, several of the recordings were played
for Dr. Richard Rynearson, a clinical psychologist who co-authored the second custody
evaluation. The report based on the second custody evaluation recommended that Mother
receive custody of the children. However, Dr. Rynearson admitted that he had not listened to the
audio recordings provided by Father but noted that from his observations any alienation by
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Mother’s counsel did object to the playing of one of the audio recordings. Mother’s
counsel noted that Mother had admitted to telling the children that Father has kept the children
from her and thus playing the audio recording that evidenced the same was not impeachment.
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Mother was not “particularly obvious.” Dr. Rynearson acknowledged that if Mother admitted to
undermining Father, alienating Father, and discussing the litigation with the children that would
be important for him to know and to consider in rendering an evaluation. Several of the audio
recordings were then played for Dr. Rynearson without objection. After hearing the recordings,
Dr. Rynearson agreed that it was a mistake not to listen to them prior to issuing a
recommendation. The GAL then asked, without objection, whether, after hearing the recordings,
his recommendation had changed. Dr. Rynearson responded that he would have to think about
it. The magistrate then asked, without objection, whether, “based upon all the audio recordings
and the statements that if you perceive them to be true * * * would your recommendation you’ve
made to the Court change[?]” Dr. Rynearson indicated it would and that he would recommend
that the children continue to live with Father.
{¶14} At the final date of the hearing, during the admission of the exhibits, Mother’s
counsel objected to the admission of the audio recordings as an exhibit. Counsel asserted she
was “maintain[ing] [her] earlier objection.” Counsel noted she was not representing Mother at
the time of the original objection, but from her review, she believed “the objection had to do with
whether it was an authentic original production of the recording, and whether that recording had
or had the potential to be manipulated.” Father’s counsel replied that the clips were offered for
impeachment and asserted that Mother had authenticated her voice. Father’s counsel also noted
that all parties were provided with the entire recording. Additionally, Mother objected to the
transcript of the audio recording being admitted as an exhibit. The magistrate overruled
Mother’s counsel’s objections.
{¶15} Following the issuance of the magistrate’s decision, Mother filed objections
related to the audio recordings. In her supplemental objections, Mother argued not only that the
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audio recordings were improperly admitted into evidence, but also objected to the use of the
audio recordings at trial. Mother argued that the recordings were not admissible because the
record was devoid of any foundational questions related to authentication necessitated by Evid.R.
901(A). Additionally, Mother argued that the use of the recording was impermissible hearsay
and that the use of the recordings violated federal law and state law as they were obtained
without consent of Mother or Mother’s children.
{¶16} We conclude that Mother has not properly preserved her arguments for appeal.
During trial, Mother only raised a single objection to the playing of one of the recordings,
arguing that that particular clip was not being used for impeachment. No other objections to the
playing of the recordings were made at the time they were played. Mother also did not object to
the questioning at subsequent hearings that related to the playing of the recordings. Instead, at
trial, Mother only objected to the admission of the recordings as an exhibit, and only on the basis
that she was not sure the recordings were complete and had not been manipulated.
{¶17} While Mother included the arguments she raises on appeal in her supplemental
objections, this Court has stated that “[t]he filing of a written objection to the decision of a
magistrate is not a substitute for the obligation to object to a purported error at the time of its
occurrence.” In re M.B., 9th Dist. Lorain Nos. 11CA010060, 11CA010062, 2012-Ohio-5428, ¶
11. “Indeed, ‘[t]he contemporaneous objection rule is fundamental to our jurisprudence.’” Id.,
quoting Steward v. Norris Bros. Co., Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 53540, 1988 Ohio App.
LEXIS 908, *1 (Mar. 17, 1988). “The rule serves the interest of justice because it allows for the
correction of many defects while they are readily curable, as well as it encourages the
elimination of delay and the unnecessary use of the appellate process.” In re M.B. at ¶ 11. “In
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this case, any purported error could have been very easily corrected had an objection been timely
entered.” Id.
{¶18} Accordingly, Mother has not preserved the vast majority of her current objections
to the use of the recordings at trial. See id. To the extent Mother has preserved her single
objection to the use of one of the recordings at trial, we conclude that any error in allowing that
recording to be played was harmless in light of the use of the other clips to which there was no
objection. See Civ.R. 61. To the extent Mother challenges the admission of the exhibit itself, we
likewise conclude any error in the admission of the exhibit was harmless in light of use of the
recordings at trial to which there was no objection. See id.
{¶19} Mother’s first assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT IN TERMINATING MOTHER’S
SHARED PARENTING, FINDING MOTHER VIOLATED PRIOR ORDERS
OF THE COURT, AND IMPOSING SANCTIONS AGAINST HER, WAS ALL
BASED ON AN ERROR AND MISAPPLICATION OF LAW THAT FATHER
WAS THE TEMPORARY SOLE CUSTODIAN.
{¶20} Mother argues in her second assignment of error that the trial court based some of
its decisions (related to terminating the shared parenting plan, and concluding that she violated
orders and imposing sanctions) on the incorrect finding that Father was the temporary sole
custodian. Mother maintains that the trial court concluded that it previously terminated the
parties’ shared parenting plan and named Father as the sole residential parent and legal
custodian.
{¶21} Initially, we note that Mother has not pointed this Court to a place in the
magistrate’s decision or the trial court’s judgment entries wherein the court concluded that it
previously terminated the shared parenting plan. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Essentially, Mother
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asserts that she was punished for taking the children to medical and counseling appointments
without the consent of Father. Mother admitted during the trial that during spring break 2014,
she took E.R. to a pediatrician and the children to a counselor without informing Father before
doing so and without seeking his consent.
{¶22} The magistrate’s February 21, 2013 order stated that Father was “designated as
the temporary residential parent of the minor children” and as “the temporary residential parent
of the children for school purposes[.]” However, the order also provided that “[t]he parties’
Shared Parenting Plan shall remain in effect, except that it is modified as follows[.]” Thus,
Mother maintained that, because the shared parenting plan was not terminated, she was free to
take the children to appointments without the consent of Father.
{¶23} Unfortunately, the parties’ shared parenting plan is not a model of clarity when it
comes to addressing medical issues concerning the parties’ children. The plan does not specify
who can or cannot decide that the children need to see a medical or psychological professional
for non-emergency issues, nor does it state that the parents must notify each other of the
children’s non-emergency medical appointments. It only states that “[a]rrangements and
transportation for medical/dental care shall be the responsibility of the parent with whom the
children are residing.” However, the plan does state that “[b]oth parents agree to communicate
with one another either directly, or through a third party if necessary, frequently and in good
faith about parenting issues.” It also provides that “[t]he parties have undertaken to establish a
Parenting Plan which provides for equitable sharing of their parental rights and responsibilities,
joint decision-making, and the enjoyment of their children’s lives.”
{¶24} Thus, it is somewhat unclear to this Court who could decide if the children needed
non-emergency medical/psychological care and whether that decision had to be approved by the
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other parent. Naming Father the temporary residential parent does not provide further clarity in
light of the provision that the shared parenting plan would remain in place. However, in light of
the language of the shared parenting plan favoring communication about parenting issues and
joint decision-making, it could be argued that Mother should have at least consulted with Father
prior to taking the children to the appointments, even if she did not necessarily need his consent.
{¶25} Nonetheless, even assuming there was an error in the lower court concluding that
Mother was not free to take the children to medical and psychological appointments without
Father’s consent, we cannot conclude that that error created the prejudice Mother alleges or
formed the primary basis for the magistrate’s and trial court’s decisions.
{¶26} It is true that the magistrate did mention on more than one occasion that Mother
took the children to appointments without the consent of Father. One of those instances,
however, was in a section of the magistrate’s findings detailing Father’s testimony. With respect
to the termination of the shared parenting plan, the magistrate did mention that “Mother []
exhibited throughout the litigation a lack of respect for Father’s designation as temporary
custodian (i.e. She without authority took children to doctors, counsellors etc.)[.]” However,
much more of the magistrate’s statements and findings prior to and subsequent to related to a
discussion of the testimony of the GAL and custody evaluators who ultimately recommended
that the children reside with Father. The magistrate noted that the GAL found Mother’s conduct
to demonstrate a pattern of alienation and believed that Mother had discussed the litigation and
audio recordings with the children despite court orders prohibiting the same. The magistrate also
noted that one of the custody evaluators found that Mother and Mother’s husband disparaged
Father and his spouse and that Mother seemed not to understand her behavior was disruptive to
the children’s wellbeing. The magistrate further commented that the custody evaluator testified
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that the children had indicated Mother had discussed the litigation with the children. The
magistrate also pointed out that Mother had admitted to discussing the case with the children and
to undermining Father’s relationship with the children.
{¶27} In concluding that the shared parenting plan should be terminated and Father
should be named the sole residential parent, the magistrate noted that Mother exhibited a
propensity to be “capricious, exercise[d] poor judgment as it concern[ed] her behavior and
disclosures with the children, [failed to comply] with court orders and directives, and [failed] to
get compliance by herself and her spouse in their interactions with the children which would
allow for them to comply with court orders and directives.” The magistrate further stated that
“the voluntary conduct of Mother ha[d] evolved to the point that the court can no longer consider
Mother to be suitable to have custodial responsibilities for the children of any kind.” While the
magistrate then stated that “[t]he Court believes this to be so as Mother has exhibited throughout
the litigation a lack of respect for Father’s designation as temporary custodian (ie. She without
authority took children to doctors, counsellors etc.)[,]” the magistrate continued stating, “it is
fair to say mother has failed to abide by Court orders and directives; and most importantly the
Court finds particularly from the testimony of the trained professionals that Mother fail[ed] to
appreciate the stress and adverse effects that her inappropriate conduct and decisions she has
made has had upon the children.” (Emphasis added.) Finally, the magistrate observed that the
parties did not have the ability to communicate to make joint decisions. Thus, considering the
entirety of the magistrate’s decision, we cannot say that Father was awarded custody of the
children because Mother took the children to appointments without Father’s consent.
{¶28} Moreover, while the trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision, in the entry
addressing the objections, the trial court found it was in the children’s best interests to terminate
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the shared parenting plan based upon several factors including: the children’s relationship with
their parents, the fact that they experienced instability while in Mother’s care, the fact that the
parents were unable to communicate regarding the children’s care, that the children were well-
adjusted to living with Father, that Mother was in need of counseling to address her behavior
issues, that Father was more likely to honor court approved parenting time, and that the GAL
recommended that the children reside with Father. The trial court did not mention the fact that
Mother took the children to medical or psychological appointments without Father’s consent as a
basis for terminating the shared parenting plan and naming Father the residential parent.
{¶29} With respect to Mother’s contention that she was found in violation of court
orders and sanctions were issued against her based upon her taking the children to appointments
without Father’s consent, we likewise cannot conclude that the trial court based its decision to
issue sanctions on that behavior.
{¶30} In detailing the conduct that the magistrate found frivolous, the magistrate did
mention that Mother took the children to doctors and a psychologist without Father’s consent.
However, read in context of the entire decision, it appears that the magistrate was expressing that
such behavior prolonged the litigation and also perhaps allowed Mother to manipulate the
children’s views and statements. The sentences after the mention of the doctors’ visits state that
“Mother then requested an in camera interview with the minor children immediately following
her parenting time. Mother repeatedly, aggressively, and persistently, instructed the minor
children in their actions and statements and further directed the minor children as to their in
camera interview with [the] Magistrate[.]” Additionally, the magistrate pointed out that Mother
had requested four continuances in the case, requested, then withdrew, and then resubmitted a
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request for a custody evaluation, had failed to timely pay certain fees, and admitted to violating a
discovery order.
{¶31} Additionally, the magistrate found Mother in contempt for violating a June 2015
order which limited Mother’s contact with the children and for violating the court’s order which
restrained the parties from discussing court matters and the recordings with the children. Thus,
we are unpersuaded that the magistrate’s reference to Mother failing to follow court orders refers
primarily or solely to Mother’s act of taking the children to medical appointments without
Father’s consent when the magistrate found Mother had violated multiple court orders.
{¶32} As Mother has not argued that the decision terminating the shared parenting plan
and naming Father the residential parent was not in the children’s best interest or was otherwise
unsupported by the record, and has not otherwise challenged the amount or legality of the
sanctions imposed, those issues are not before us in this appeal. Based on Mother’s limited
argument, her second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT’S PURPORTED GAG ORDER AND LIMITATIONS ON
THE TESTIMONY OF THE CHILDREN WAS A VIOLATION FO
MOTHER’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS, AS IT INHIBITED HER ABILITY TO
CROSS EXAMINE EVIDENCE USED AGAINST HER.
{¶33} Mother asserts in her third assignment of error that the trial court erred in
imposing a gag order that prohibited anyone from discussing the audio recordings with the
children because said order was never journalized. Additionally, Mother argues that the order
interfered with her children’s attorney-client relationship with their attorney. Finally, Mother
challenges the limitations the magistrate imposed on questioning S.R. and H.R. at trial.
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{¶34} The gag order Mother references was ordered at the end of the February 21, 2014
hearing after the magistrate discovered the children did not yet know of the audio recordings of
their conversations with Mother and Mother’s husband. The magistrate then stated:
The Court’s going to issue a gag order to everyone present including the counsel
for the children not to discuss the existence of audio recordings or that the
children have been recorded by any electronic means * * * and that the Court has
listened to some of the audio recordings. Any infraction of that would be a
finding of direct contempt of court.
The Court is also going to caution the parties again that if the Court learns of any
discussion with the children about any of these court proceedings or further
questions of the children about what they told the Court or any information given
to the children about what happened in court, or what will be happening in the
future about court, will be a finding of direct contempt[.]
{¶35} The gag order was not reduced to writing, but was later mentioned in a
subsequent order. In March 2015, Father filed a motion for contempt against Mother alleging
she had violated the February 21, 2014 gag order as she continued to discuss court matters with
the children and as well as the audio recordings. Additionally, Father filed a motion to restrain
the children’s contact with Mother in light of her efforts at alienating Father. Mother did not
respond to the motions. In May 2015, Mother filed a motion for contempt alleging that Father
denied Mother visitation. A hearing was held May 21, 2015. While the motion was not
immediately ruled upon, it was addressed in the magistrate’s decision. In the magistrate’s
decision, the magistrate found Mother in contempt of the gag order.
{¶36} Mother has not argued that she did not violate the gag order; instead, she has only
argued that it was not a proper order because it was not journalized. Mother has pointed to no
case law holding that the failure of a party to follow a verbal order of the court cannot lead to a
finding of contempt. See App.R. 16(A)(7). In fact, other courts have held the opposite. See,
e.g., Champaign Cty. Court of Common Pleas v. Fransler, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2015-CA-4,
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2016-Ohio-228, ¶ 17 (“Indeed even disobedience of a verbal order of a court * * * is sufficient to
support a criminal contempt.”); see also Disciplinary Counsel v. Robinson, 126 Ohio St.3d 371,
2010-Ohio-3829, ¶ 47 (discussing a case in which respondent’s conduct of deliberately
disobeying a verbal order of the court and lying about it was determined to be a violation of
various professional conduct rules). Given the foregoing, we see no merit to Mother’s argument.
{¶37} Additionally, Mother maintains that the gag order interfered with her children’s
attorney-client relationship with their attorney. However, Mother has not explained how this
affected her own rights. “An appealing party may complain of an error committed against a
nonappealing party when the error is prejudicial to the rights of the appellant.” In re Smith, 77
Ohio App.3d 1, 13 (6th Dist.1991), citing State v. Ward, 9th Dist. Summit No. 13462, 1988 Ohio
App. LEXIS 3783, * 7 (Sept. 21, 1988); see also In re M.Z., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010104,
2012-Ohio-3194, ¶ 34; In re Goggins, 9th Dist. Summit No. 18820, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS
3527, *11 (July 29, 1998). As Mother has not explained how she was prejudiced, she lacks
standing to raise this issue, and her argument is overruled on that basis. In re Goggins at *11.
{¶38} Mother next asserts that the manner in which the magistrate limited the children’s
testimony violated Mother’s due process rights. We note that Mother cites no law in support of
her argument. See App.R. 16(A)(7).
{¶39} The older children, S.R. and H.R. were subpoenaed by Mother to testify at the
September 30, 2015 trial date. The children’s attorney and the GAL filed motions to quash the
subpoenas. The GAL indicated that the children’s counselors and the GAL felt that it was not in
the children’s best interest to testify. Mother objected to the motion to quash arguing that the
children’s statements were not being accurately portrayed by the GAL and custody evaluators.
The morning of the hearing, September 30, 2015, the magistrate issued an order limiting the
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testimony of the children and the manner in which the testimony would take place. The
magistrate ordered that the questioning was limited to questions that directly related to the
purported factual inaccuracies in the reports or testimony of the GAL and custody evaluators.
Mother was to submit a written list of the purported factual inaccuracies and to state on the
record what each was prior to questioning the children.
{¶40} Despite Mother’s contention to the contrary, Mother was allowed to finish her
examination of Father prior to questioning the children. While Mother’s request to continue the
questioning of the children to a later date was denied, during the proceedings in the trial court,
Mother failed to proffer the testimony she alleges she was prohibited from eliciting. See Evid.R.
103(A)(2). Mother was able to question H.R.; however there was not time to question S.R. that
day. Mother acknowledged in a subsequent motion that the questioning of S.R. was continued to
a future hearing date. At the end of the September 30, 2015 hearing, the magistrate asked H.R.
whether, if there were additional questions, H.R. would be willing to answer them in chambers at
a later time, which H.R. agreed to do. Mother has pointed to nothing in the record which
suggests that Mother requested that the children be recalled to answer additional questions and
that request was denied.
{¶41} Mother filed a motion to set aside the September 30, 2015 magistrate’s order and
also requested to stay the children’s testimony pending the ruling on her motion and to proffer
the children’s testimony. In November 2015, the parties entered into an agreed entry agreeing
that the testimony/proffer of the children would be stayed until a ruling by the trial court on the
various motions. They also agreed that the court would schedule a further trial date for the
testimony and/or proffer of the children’s testimony. Ultimately, the trial court denied Mother’s
motion to set aside the magistrate’s September 30, 2015 order but noted in its entry that it was a
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temporary order and the parties would have time to negotiate the issues prior to the final hearing.
The magistrate also granted Mother’s motion to proffer. Mother points to nothing in the record
indicating that she attempted to recall S.R. or H.R. subject to the limits of the September 30,
2015 order and was denied the same or that she sought to proffer the children’s testimony and
was denied the same. Under these circumstances, and given Mother’s failure to cite to any law
on the issue, Mother has failed to demonstrate that her due process rights were violated.
{¶42} Mother’s third assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT IN FINDING MOTHER VIOLATED
THE COURT’S JUNE 23, 2015 ORDER BY ATTENDING SPORTING
EVENTS OF THE CHILDREN AND “LIKING” THE CHILDREN’S SOCIAL
MEDIA POSTS WAS AN ERROR OF LAW AND AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶43} Mother argues in her fourth assignment of error that the trial court erred in
concluding that Mother violated the June 23, 2015 order limiting Mother’s contact with the
children and that such decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Specifically,
Mother argues that her behavior did not amount to a communication.
{¶44} “When an appellant challenges the weight of the evidence in a civil case, this
Court ‘weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses
and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the [finder of fact] clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and
a new trial ordered.’” Lubanovich v. McGlocklin, 9th Dist. Medina No. 14CA0081-M, 2015-
Ohio-4618, ¶ 5, quoting Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. “In
weighing the evidence, however, we are always mindful of the presumption in favor of the trial
court's factual findings. [T]he weight to be given the evidence and the credibility of the
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witnesses are primarily for the trier of the facts.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) T.S.
v. R.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27955, 2017-Ohio-281, ¶ 4.
{¶45} In March 2015, Father filed a motion to restrain the children’s contact with
Mother arguing that her behavior evidenced an effort to alienate Father. Mother did not respond
to the motions. A hearing was held on May 21, 2015. On June 23, 2015, the magistrate issued
an entry limiting Mother to supervised visitation with her children, which was adopted by the
trial court. The order also limited other communication:
[Mother’s] texting and phone communication as well as any other forms of
communication shall occur only twice a week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, with
only one text provided by [Mother] to each child on each of those days, and one
verbal communication to all children collectively (i.e. [Mother] will need to call
[Father’s] home phone or cell and be put on speakerphone etc. so that all children
can participate at once) on each of those days. [Father] is authorized as he may
deem appropriate to monitor the phone communication that occurs. The verbal
communication via phone/cell phone shall be no longer than 15 minutes in length.
The current spouse of [Mother] shall not participate in the phone call, text
messages, or any other form of communication that occur with the children.
[] Further, [Mother] shall not encourage or request that the children contact her at
other times via text/phone or other forms of communication for any purpose(s).
[] [Mother is not authorized to respond to the children’s text messages, or phone
calls that the children may place to her except as provided by this order.
(Emphasis sic.)
{¶46} In November 2015, Father moved to hold Mother in contempt for violating the
June 2015 order. The matter was submitted to the court on the filed motions and affidavits. In
Mother’s affidavit, she acknowledged that she attended two of S.R.’s sporting events after the
order was issued and that at one of them she and the children hugged but she told them she was
not allowed to have contact with them. The children then indicated that they understood and did
not try to have further contact with Mother. Mother also admitted to following S.R. and H.R. on
Instagram and stated that they also follow her. Mother averred that she has “liked” photos her
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children have posted and also has, on one occasion, commented on one of H.R.’s photos. As
Mother only joined Instagram in September 2015, any actions by Mother on Instagram would
have occurred after the order.
{¶47} The magistrate found Mother in contempt for violating the June 23, 2015 order
stating that “Mother’s contact by social media and attendance at sporting events [were] not
acceptable and place[d] the children in an untenable position while emboldening Mother to
continue her contemptuous behavior. Mother admit[ted] in her affidavit that she ha[d] contact
with the minor children by social media and attended sporting events where she had contact with
the minor children.”
{¶48} Mother argues that liking her children’s posts and attending sporting events were
not communications. However, Mother did more than just like her children’s posts and attend
sporting events. Mother also commented on a post and hugged her children and briefly spoke to
them at a sporting event. The dictionary defines communication, inter alia, as “an act or instance
of transmitting[,] * * * a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior[,]” and the “exchange of
information[.]” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 251 (11th Ed.2004). Thus, even if
this Court were to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that Mother’s
social media interactions violated the court’s order, the trial court could have reasonably
concluded that Mother’s behavior of engaging with her children at a sporting event by hugging
them and talking to them did violate the order. See SandiCare, LLC v. Wilson, 9th Dist. Summit
No. 28306, 2017-Ohio-7596, ¶ 8 (noting that an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s
decision in a contempt proceeding absent the appellant demonstrating that the trial court abused
its discretion).
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{¶49} Given Mother’s argument, her fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V
THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT IN ENACTING A CHILD SUPPORT
ORDER THAT FAILED TO GIVE MOTHER CREDIT FOR THE MARGINAL
COSTS OF HEALTH INSURANCE SHE WAS ORDERED TO PROVIDE
UNDER A PRIOR ORDER OF THE COURT WAS AN ERROR OF LAW.
{¶50} Mother argues in her fifth assignment of error that the trial court erred in failing to
give Mother credit for her marginal costs of health insurance in its child support calculations.
We agree in part.
{¶51} “Generally, [w]e review matters involving child support under the abuse-of[-
]discretion standard.” King v. King, 9th Dist. Medina Nos. 11CA0006-M, 11CA0023-M,
11CA0069-M, 2012-Ohio-5219, ¶ 30. (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) This Court
has previously held that it is an “error to exclude health insurance payments for children from the
child support computation worksheet.” Wachter v. Wachter, 9th Dist. Summit No. 23170, 2006-
Ohio-6970, ¶ 8. However, the trial court necessarily needs evidence of the amounts of those
payments in order to properly complete the worksheet.
{¶52} On appeal, Mother does not dispute that she failed to submit evidence of her
health insurance costs at the hearings. Father notes that Mother, on more than one occasion,
notified the court that she intended to present evidence of those costs; however she did not do so.
Nonetheless, Mother argues that, because the February 2013 provisional child support order gave
Mother credit for her health insurance costs of $2,040 and she was ordered to continue providing
health insurance for the children, then that amount must be credited to her from the date of the
order through the date of the magistrate’s decision.
{¶53} We conclude that the trial court did err in adopting the magistrate’s child support
calculations for the period of December 3, 2012 through December 31, 2014. While Mother did
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not supply the trial court with information about her health insurance costs for that period, Father
did. Father submitted exhibit FF, which the magistrate admitted and noted was a “[s]ummary
detailing child support calculation by year.” That summary listed Mother’s medical and vision
costs as $2,040 for the years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. Given that Father apparently agreed
that those were Mother’s health insurance costs for those years, it would seem unreasonable for
the magistrate and trial court to not consider them in computing child support for the years 2012-
2014.2
{¶54} The summary, however, has no information about Mother’s 2015 health
insurance costs. Accordingly, to the extent the trial court declined to include Mother’s health
insurance costs in the worksheet for the child support order effective January 1, 2015, we cannot
say Mother has demonstrated the trial court abused its discretion. Mother’s counsel informed the
court that she would be providing testimony evidencing Mother’s marginal health insurance
costs and then failed to do, despite numerous opportunities to do so and a lengthy period of time
in which to do so; the hearing at which Mother’s counsel informed the court that she would be
providing evidence of the costs took place in September 2015. The last hearing did not take
place until February 2016. See Marron v. Marron, 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2013-11-109,
CA2013-11-113, 2014-Ohio-2121, ¶ 27-31 (following this Court’s precedent in Wachter, but
concluding that there was no abuse of discretion in the court failing to allow husband to reopen
his case to present health insurance costs when husband had a full and fair opportunity to present
the evidence but failed to do so). To the extent Mother asserts that the trial court should have
assumed that her 2015 health insurance costs were the same as what they were at the time of the
2
Mother was not ordered to pay child support in 2011.
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2013 order, we reject the argument given Mother’s failure to point to any authority that would
require the trial court to do so. See App.R. 16(A)(7).
{¶55} Mother’s fifth assignment of error is sustained in part, and overruled in part. The
trial court shall recalculate child support for the years 2012-2014 including Mother’s health
insurance costs of $2,040 in the worksheets for each of those years.
III.
{¶56} Mother’s fifth assignment of error is sustained in part, and overruled in part.
Mother’s remaining assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and
this matter is remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part,
reversed in part,
and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
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Costs taxed equally to both parties.
DONNA J. CARR
FOR THE COURT
HENSAL, P. J.
TEODOSIO, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
CORINNE HOOVER SIX, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
MARY E. RANDAZZO, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
CHANDRA MUSTER, Attorney at Law, for Children.
JAMES PHILLIPS, Guardian ad Litem.