Bocock v. McGuire

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Appellate Court Date: 2018.01.03
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Bocock v. McGuire, 2017 IL App (3d) 150860

Appellate Court CHARLES BOCOCK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PAMELA J.
Caption MCGUIRE, in Her Official Capacity as Circuit Court Clerk of the
Twelfth Judicial Circuit, Defendant-Appellee.

District & No. Third District
Docket No. 3-15-0860

Filed September 28, 2017

Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Will County, No. 15-CH-1907; the
Review Hon. Cory D. Lund, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Affirmed.

Counsel on Charles Bocock, of Joliet, appellant pro se.
Appeal
James W. Glasgow, State’s Attorney, of Joliet (Philip A. Mock,
Assistant State’s Attorney, of counsel), for appellee.

Panel JUSTICE CARTER delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Presiding Justice Holdridge and Justice O’Brien concurred in the
judgment and opinion.
 OPINION

¶1 The plaintiff, Charles Bocock, appeals the dismissal of his complaint against defendant,
Pamela J. McGuire, in her official capacity as the circuit court clerk of the Twelfth Judicial
Circuit. We affirm the dismissal of Bocock’s complaint.

¶2 FACTS
¶3 On September 1, 2015, Bocock filed a pro se complaint against defendant in her official
capacity as the circuit court clerk of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit (clerk). The allegations in
Bocock’s complaint against the clerk in this case are based on the manner in which the clerk
docketed two complaints filed by Bocock in the Twelfth Judicial Circuit (case Nos.
15-CH-976 and 15-CH-1052) pertaining to the denial of his requests for information from the
Will County sheriff’s office that he made pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
(5 ILCS 140/1 et seq. (West 2014)). Bocock filed the two FOIA complaints originally against
Will County FOIA officer, Brad Josephson, on April 10, 2015 (case No. 15-CH-976), and on
April 21, 2015 (case No. 15-CH-1052). Later Bocock amended the complaints to add the
sheriff of Will County as a defendant in the FOIA cases. Subsequently, he filed a separate
complaint against the clerk of the circuit court, alleging the initial hearing date that the clerk set
for his FOIA cases on June 12, 2015, was not the “earliest practicable date” for the initial
hearing to take place in violation of section 11(h) of the FOIA (5 ILCS 140/11(h) (West
2014)). Section 11(h) of the FOIA provides, “[e]xcept as to causes the court considers to be of
greater importance, proceedings arising under this Section shall take precedence on the docket
over all other causes and be assigned for hearing and trial at the earliest practicable date and
expedited in every way.” Id. Bocock claimed that defendant’s failure to set his case for hearing
at the “earliest practicable date” violated his due process rights under the Illinois Constitution.
As a remedy, Bocock sought a “declarative judgment, compensatory, punitive and nominal
damages, costs, and an injunction compelling [defendant] to conform to the statutory
requirements of the Illinois Freedom of Information Act, and any other relief [the] Court
deem[ed] just.”
¶4 In response, on September 28, 2015, defendant, through her counsel—an assistant state’s
attorney—filed a section 2-619 motion to dismiss the complaint (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West
2014)). In the motion to dismiss, defendant argued that section 11(h) of the FOIA did not
contain a penalty provision for its violation and, therefore, the provision was “directory and not
mandatory in application.” Defendant also argued that Bocock could have filed a motion to
advance the initial hearing dates, the setting of the initial hearing date was a matter of
discretion on the part of her staff in the circuit clerk’s office, Bocock’s request for monetary
relief was barred by section 2-201 of the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees
Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/2-201 (West 2014)), and Bocock’s request for injunctive
relief to compel her, as the circuit court clerk, to conform to the requirements of the FOIA was
“barred because the time for scheduling an initial court date of a complaint under the Freedom
of Information Act is not statutorily mandated.”
¶5 In response to the motion to dismiss, Bocock argued that the issue of whether a statutory
provision was mandatory or directory was a matter of statutory construction and the word
“shall” in section 11(h) of the FOIA should be interpreted to mean the directives in section
11(h) are mandatory. In reply, in support of her motion to dismiss, the clerk argued that

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 Bocock was not prohibited from filing a motion to advance the court date, setting of the initial
case management date in this case was controlled by the local court rules and she did not
violate those rules, and it was the “judge [who] controls his docket and sets the hearing and/or
trial dates.”
¶6 On December 11, 2015, the trial court entered a written order indicating “court rules case
dismissed with prejudice.” Bocock appealed. We affirm.

¶7 ANALYSIS
¶8 On appeal, Bocock argues that the trial court erred in granting defendant’s motion to
dismiss. Bocock contends the directive of section 11(h) of the FOIA, which provides that
FOIA matters “shall” take precedence on the docket over all other causes and be assigned for
hearing and trial “at the earliest practicable date and expedited in every way,” is mandatory. 5
ILCS 140/11(h) (West 2014). He contends that the trial court erred in determining section
11(h) was discretionary and not mandatory.
¶9 The clerk contends on appeal that the trial court was correct in granting her motion to
dismiss. Although there is no indication that the FOIA cases’ docket sheets were part of the
trial court record or that the trial court took judicial notice of the docket sheets in Bocock’s
FOIA cases, the clerk argues that the docket sheets in Bocock’s FOIA cases show the FOIA
cases were given a return date (not a hearing date) of June 12, 2015, proof of service in those
cases was not filed until September 22, 2015, and no hearing date could be set until Bocock
had served defendant in the FOIA cases.1 The clerk also contends that providing the return
date of June 12, 2015, “was a ministerial act to not lose track of the file and [was] not the
setting of a ‘hearing or trial’ as envisioned by [section] 11(h).” The clerk further argues that
section 11(h) of the FOIA is a “direction to the court” that is “directory and not mandatory”
due to the constitutional concept of separation of powers.
¶ 10 In this case, the clerk filed a motion to dismiss Bocock’s complaint pursuant to section
2-619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code). 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2014). A section 2-619
motion to dismiss admits the truth of the facts alleged in support of the claim and the legal
sufficiency of the claim but raises affirmative matters that arguably defeat the claim. Id. On
appeal, a de novo standard of review will be applied to a dismissal pursuant to section 2-619.
Richter v. Prairie Farms Dairy, Inc., 2016 IL 119518, ¶ 18.
¶ 11 In this case, the trial court did not specify the basis for its dismissal of Bocock’s complaint
with prejudice, nor did the trial court indicate whether it had interpreted the directive in section
11(h) of the FOIA to be mandatory. However, we may affirm the circuit court’s judgment on
any basis appearing in the record (Gatreaux v. DKW Enterprises, LLC, 2011 IL App (1st)
103482, ¶ 10), and our review of the record indicates that Bocock failed to state a cause of
action upon which relief may be granted. See 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2014); Heastie v.
Roberts, 226 Ill. 2d 515, 531 (2007) (a section 2-615 dismissal is based upon defects that are

1
On appeal, the clerk motioned for this court to supplement the record on the appeal with the docket
sheets from Bocock’s FOIA cases, which this court granted and of which this court takes judicial
notice. See Ill. R. Evid. 201 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011) (a court may take judicial notice, whether requested or
not, of a fact not subject to reasonable dispute that is capable of accurate and ready determination by
resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned); Curtis v. Lofy, 394 Ill. App. 3d 170,
172 (2009) (public documents, including court records, are subject to judicial notice).

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 apparent on the face of the complaint). In determining whether the allegations in the complaint
are sufficient to state a cause of action upon which relief may be granted, all well-pleaded facts
must be taken as true. Heastie, 226 Ill. 2d at 531.

¶ 12 I. Statutory Claim Under the FOIA
¶ 13 In determining whether Bocock’s complaint against the clerk stated a statutory claim under
the FOIA, we must construe the language of the FOIA. Statutory construction is a question of
law, which we review de novo. Nelson v. Kendall County, 2014 IL 116303, ¶ 22.
¶ 14 The primary goal in construing a statute is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the
legislature. Id. ¶ 23. The best indication of legislative intent is the language of the statute. Id. In
construing the language of a statute, the language in each section must be examined in light of
the statute as a whole and in conjunction with other statutes touching on the same or related
subjects. Id. Where the language of the statute is clear, it must be given effect without resorting
to other interpretive aids. Id.
¶ 15 The purpose of the FOIA is to open governmental records to the scrutiny of the public.
Stern v. Wheaton-Warrenville Community Unit School District 200, 233 Ill. 2d 396, 405
(2009). Section 1.2 of the FOIA provides:
“All records in the custody or possession of a public body are presumed to be open to
inspection or copying. Any public body that asserts that a record is exempt from
disclosure has the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that it is
exempt.” 5 ILCS 140/1.2 (West 2014).
¶ 16 Section 3(a) of the FOIA provides that “[e]ach public body shall make available to any
person for inspection or copying all public records, except as otherwise provided in Sections 7
[providing exceptions] and 8.5 [pertaining to records maintained online].” 5 ILCS 140/3(a)
(West 2014). Requests for inspection or copies under the FOIA shall be made in writing and
directed to the “public body.” 5 ILCS 140/3(c) (West 2014). Section 3(d) of the FOIA
provides, “[e]ach public body shall, promptly, either comply with or deny a request for public
records within 5 business days after its receipt of the request, unless the time for response is
properly extended.” 5 ILCS 140/3(d) (West 2014).
¶ 17 Under the FOIA, “public body” is defined as:
“[A]ll legislative, executive, administrative, or advisory bodies of the State, state
universities and colleges, counties, townships, cities, villages, incorporated towns,
school districts and all other municipal corporations, boards, bureaus, committees, or
commissions of this State, any subsidiary bodies of any of the foregoing including but
not limited to committees and subcommittees thereof, and a School Finance Authority
created under Article 1E of the School Code.” 5 ILCS 140/2(a) (West 2014).
¶ 18 Under the penalty provision of section 11 of the FOIA, “[a]ny person denied access to
inspect or copy any public record by a public body may file suit for injunctive or declaratory
relief.” (Emphasis added.) 5 ILCS 140/11(a) (West 2014). “The circuit court shall have the
jurisdiction to enjoin the public body from withholding public records and to order the
production of any public records improperly withheld.” (Emphasis added.) 5 ILCS 140/11(d)
(West 2014). “If the court determines that a public body willfully and intentionally failed to
comply with this Act [the FOIA], or otherwise acted in bad faith, the court shall also impose

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 upon the public body a civil penalty of [$2500 to $5000] for each occurrence.” (Emphasis
added.) 5 ILCS 140/11(j) (West 2014).
¶ 19 In this case, Bocock’s complaint against the clerk was based on the clerk’s alleged
violation of section 11(h) of the FOIA for setting the initial return date for Bocock’s FOIA
complaints against Josephson for June 12, 2015. See 5 ILCS 140/11(h) (West 2014) (providing
that except as to causes the court considers to be of greater importance, proceedings arising
under section 11 of the FOIA shall take precedence on the docket and be assigned for hearing
and trial “at the earliest practicable date”). However, Bocock failed to plead sufficient facts to
establish that his FOIA cases (case Nos. 15-CH-976 and 15-CH-1052) were not “assigned for
hearing and trial at the earliest practicable date.” While Bocock alleged the return date of June
12, 2015, “was not the earliest practicable date for the hearing on either case,” he provides no
factual support his contention. In fact, the docket sheets in those cases indicate that Bocock did
not obtain service on the defendants until approximately five months after the return date of
June 12, 2015, in order for the case to proceed. Thus, Bocock’s complaint did not, and could
not, plead sufficient facts to support his request for “an injunction compelling [defendant] to
conform to the statutory requirement of the [FOIA].”
¶ 20 Moreover, the statutory damages provision of section 11(j) of the FOIA pertains to
violations of the FOIA by the “public body” who received and improperly denied a valid FOIA
request. The applicable FOIA requests in this instance went to the Will County Sheriff’s
Department, not the clerk of the circuit court’s office. Therefore, section 11(j), under the
present circumstances, would not apply in a lawsuit against the circuit clerk.
¶ 21 In addition, because the FOIA does not include the judiciary in its definition of “public
body,” the lack of any reference to the courts or judiciary indicates an intent to exclude the
judiciary. Copley Press, Inc. v. Administrative Office of the Courts, 271 Ill. App. 3d 548, 554
(1995). The exemption for the judicial branch from the FOIA includes court-affiliated entities
that perform judicial functions, such as the clerks of the courts. Newman, Raiz & Shelmadine,
LLC v. Brown, 394 Ill. App. 3d 602, 606 (2009). “[T]he Circuit Clerk, as a component of the
judicial branch, is excluded from the definition of a ‘public body’ as it is defined in section 2(a)
[of the FOIA].” Id. Thus, Bocock’s complaint failed to establish a claim against defendant in
her capacity as the circuit court clerk for relief or statutory damages under the FOIA.

¶ 22 II. Due Process
¶ 23 Bocock also failed to plead sufficient facts in his complaint to support his contention that
the clerk’s “infringement” of the directive for setting hearings in section 11(h) of the FOIA
violated his right to due process under article I, section 2, of the Illinois Constitution. Ill. Const.
1970, art. I, § 2. The due process clause in the Illinois Constitution of 1970 provides, “No
person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.” Id. The due
process clause of the Illinois Constitution (id.) is similar in language to that of the due process
clauses in the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution (U.S. Const.,
amends. V, XIV), and both the Illinois and United States Constitutions require, at a minimum,
that litigants have a full and fair opportunity to litigate an issue before being bound by a
resolution of that issue. Central Illinois Public Service Co. v. Allianz Underwriters Insurance
Co., 158 Ill. 2d 218, 225-26 (1994). A fundamental requirement of due process is for a party to
be afforded the opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner. In re
D.W., 214 Ill. 2d 289, 316 (2005).

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¶ 24 In this case, Bocock’s due process claim regarding the clerk’s alleged failure to schedule
the earliest practicable hearing date represents an alleged violation of procedural due process
in regard to access to the courts and the right to a hearing. However, the denial of the right to
access the courts cannot be shown unless there was an actual injury. See Lewis v. Casey, 518
U.S. 343, 349-52 (1996); Hadley v. Snyder, 335 Ill. App. 3d 347, 354 (2002) (providing that to
show a violation of the right to access to the courts, a prisoner must prove that prison officials
failed to assist him in preparing and filing of legal papers and there was some “detriment”
caused by the officials’ failure). Evidence of the actual injury caused by the denial of access to
the courts must establish a specific harm, such as missed court dates, the inability to file in a
timely manner, the denial of legal assistance, or the loss of a case that could have been won.
Hadley, 335 Ill. App. 3d at 354. In his complaint against the clerk at issue here, Bocock did not
allege that any specific harm resulted from the clerk scheduling his FOIA cases with a return
date of June 12, 2015, and, thus, did not sufficiently allege that he was deprived of meaningful
access to the courts. Consequently, Bocock failed to state a cause of action upon which relief
may be granted, and the trial court did not err in dismissing his complaint.

¶ 25 III. Dismissal With Prejudice
¶ 26 A complaint should be dismissed with prejudice only where it is clear that plaintiff can
prove no set of facts that would entitle him to relief. Bruss v. Przybylo, 385 Ill. App. 3d 399,
405 (2008). We review the trial court’s decision to dismiss a complaint with prejudice for an
abuse of discretion. Id. Under the circumstances of this case, plaintiff cannot prove any set of
facts that would entitle him to relief against defendant in her capacity as the circuit court clerk.
Consequently, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of Bocock’s complaint with prejudice.

¶ 27 CONCLUSION
¶ 28 The judgment of the circuit court of Will County is affirmed.

¶ 29 Affirmed.

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