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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
DELLAPOSTA PROPERTIES, LLC : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
PACKAGING CORPORATION OF :
AMERICA AND OXFORD :
DEVELOPMENT COMPANY :
:
APPEAL OF: PACKAGING :
CORPORATION OF AMERICA : No. 791 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered May 11, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at No(s):
gd-17-005321
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JANUARY 30, 2018
This is an appeal from the grant of a special injunction on May 4,
2017, continued on May 11, 2017,1 enjoining Defendant-Appellant,
Packaging Corporation of America (“PCA”), from erecting barriers on its
property.2 After careful review, we vacate and remand for further
proceedings.
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1
The notice of appeal filed in this matter on June 1, 2017, reflects both
orders.
2
Defendant Oxford Development Company was in the process of
negotiating with PCA to purchase its property and is not involved in this
appeal. Complaint in Equity, 5/4/17, at ¶ 12; Notice of Appeal, 6/1/17.
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The certified record is sparse, and we have gleaned the following
factual and procedural history from the complaint, preliminary objections,
the trial court opinion, and the parties’ briefs. PCA owns commercial
property that abuts property in the Strip District area of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, owned by Plaintiff-Appellee, Dellaposta Properties, LLC
(“Dellaposta”). The parties each rely on tractor-trailer trucks that utilize
loading docks on their properties. Dellaposta, claiming the right to use a
driveway over PCA property, sought a declaratory judgment so holding and a
preliminary and permanent injunction enjoining PCA from interfering with
Dellaposta’s use of the alleged easement.
Dellaposta filed a complaint on May 4, 2017, along with an Emergency
Motion for Special and/or Preliminary Injunctive Relief. The parties
appeared before Judge Judith Friedman that day. Judge Friedman did not
hold a hearing or take any testimony. Despite the lack of hearing and
receipt of evidence, and hence, a transcript we can review, Judge Friedman
granted Dellaposta’s motion as a special injunction under the condition the
parties attempted to resolve the issues relating to Dellaposta’s use of the
easement. The order entered on May 4, 2017, states as follows:
ORDER OF COURT GRANTING SPECIAL PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
And now this 4th day of May, 2017, upon consideration of
Plaintiff, Dellaposta Properties, LLC’s Motion for Special and/or
Preliminary Injunction, it is hereby ORDERED that Defendant is
enjoined from erecting any barriers on its property which would
encroach and or block the easement depicted on Exhibit B of
Plaintiff’s Motion.
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Bond is set at $1.00 per Pa.R.C.P. 1531(b); the amount of
bond may be increased at a later date upon motion.
A hearing will be held in Motions Court on May 11, 2017 at
1:45 pm to decide whether or not this Special Injunction shall
continue.
Order, 5/4/17.
PCA asserts in its brief that it advised Dellaposta on May 9, 2017, via
email, that it would not block the purported easement with any barriers and
thus, there was no need for the May 11, 2017 hearing to continue the
injunction. PCA’s Brief at 9. PCA allegedly did not agree, per email, to
Dellaposta’s suggestion to enter into a consent order providing that Judge
Friedman’s May 4, 2017 order remain in effect pending further order of
court. PCA suggests that Dellaposta desired the consent order because
counsel surmised that the special injunction would dissolve as of May 11,
2017, if the meeting with Judge Friedman did not take place. PCA’s Brief at
7–9, 18.3
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3
The emails are not contained in the certified record, they are challenged
by Dellaposta, and thus, we may not rely on them on appeal.
Commonwealth v. Barnett, 121 A.3d 534, 546 (Pa. Super. 2015) (“While
this Court generally may only consider facts that have been duly certified in
the record, Commonwealth v. Young, 317 A.2d 258, 264 (Pa. 1974),
where the accuracy of a document is undisputed and contained in the
reproduced record, we may consider it. Commonwealth v. Brown, 52
A.3d 1139, 1145 n.4 (Pa. 2012).”); Nicolaou v. Martin, 153 A.3d 383, 393
n.6 (Pa. Super. 2016) (same), appeal granted, 170 A.3d 990 (Pa. 2017).
Here, Dellaposta disputes the content of the emails. Dellaposta’s Brief at 4.
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Meanwhile, on May 5, 2017, PCA filed a motion to assign the matter to
the Commerce and Complex Litigation Center of Allegheny County Court of
Common Pleas (“Center”). Order, 5/5/17; PCA’s Brief at 9–10. On May 9,
2017, Judge Christine Ward of the Center scheduled an initial status
conference for May 22, 2017.4
On May 11, 2017, at the scheduled hearing on the motion for the
injunction before Judge Friedman, PCA alleges it intended to inform the court
that it agreed to not erect barriers on the property. To its “surprise,”
Dellaposta appeared with witnesses with the intention to present evidence in
support of its request for preliminary injunctive relief. PCA’s Brief at 10.
According to PCA, Dellaposta presented a hand-written order to continue the
May 4, 2017 order granting the Special Injunction indefinitely. PCA
maintains it then elected to go forward with the hearing but avers that Judge
Friedman refused and advised PCA to take an appeal. Id. at 11. Judge
Friedman then entered an order, which states: “AND NOW, to wit, this 11
day of May, 2017, the court’s May 4, 2017 order of court shall remain in
effect pending further order of court.” Order, 5/11/17.
On May 24, 2017, PCA filed preliminary objections to the complaint.
PCA filed its notice of appeal on June 1, 2017, alleging Pa.R.A.P. 311(4) as
the basis for its jurisdiction of its appeal of the May 4, 2017, and May 11,
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4
The record does not reveal whether the May 22, 2017 status conference
occurred.
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2017 orders. It is well-settled that an order concerning a preliminary
injunction is appealable as of right pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(4)
(permitting interlocutory appeal as of right from order granting injunctive
relief); City of Philadelphia v. Frempong, 865 A.2d 314 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2005) (citing Kennedy & Carter Constr. Co., Inc. v. Barkley, 468 A.2d
513 (Pa. Super. 1983)). Although PCA complied with the trial court’s
directive to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal, the
trial court did not address the merits of the issues raised in the Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal. Instead, the trial
court opined that because PCA filed the motion seeking assignment of the
case to the Center, it “no longer had the power to hold the scheduled
hearing on May 11,” and [“t]he matter was then in the hands of Judge
Ward.” Trial Court Opinion, 6/30/17, at 2.
PCA raises the following issues on appeal:
I. Did the special injunction issued on May 4, 2017 dissolve as a
matter of law after the Trial Court failed to hold a hearing or
inquire into the merits of Plaintiff/Appellee, Dellaposta
Properties, LLC’s (“Dellaposta”) request for injunctive relief?
II. Did the Trial Court err in issuing a special injunction on May
4, 2017, where Dellaposta, the party seeking the special
injunction, failed to establish a need for the issuance of an
injunction without a hearing in order to protect Dellaposta from
immediate and irreparable harm?
III. Did the Trial Court err in continuing the special injunction
and/or converting the special injunction into a preliminary
injunction on May 11, 2017 without holding a hearing to
establish, of record, that Dellaposta met the six “essential
prerequisites” of a preliminary injunction?
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IV. Did the Trial Court err in violating Defendant/Appellant,
Packaging Corporation of America’s (“PCA”) right to due process
under the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions when it
issued a special injunction impacting PCA’s property rights
without establishing that Dellaposta would suffer immediate and
irreparable harm and/or when it continued the special injunction
and/or converted it into a preliminary injunction without holding
a hearing, inquiring into the merits of Dellaposta’s right to
injunctive relief, or allowing PCA the opportunity to contest
Dellaposta’s request for injunctive relief?
V. Did the Trial Court err when it set a nominal $1.00 bond in
connection with the special injunction, where PCA’s reasonably
foreseeable damages were far in excess of this amount if it was
later determined that the special injunction was improperly
granted, and where the Trial Court made no inquiry into the
amount of PCA’s reasonably foreseeable damages?
PCA’s Brief at 4–5.
This case involves procedural irregularities that convince us the matter
must be reversed. As noted above, the trial court, referencing Pa.R.C.P.
1531, entered a “special” injunction on May 4, 2017, and continued it
indefinitely on May 11, 2017, “pending further order of court.” Rule 1531
provides:
Rule 1531. Special Relief. Injunctions
(a) A court shall issue a preliminary or special injunction only
after written notice and hearing unless it appears to the
satisfaction of the court that immediate and irreparable
injury will be sustained before notice can be given or a
hearing held, in which case the court may issue a
preliminary or special injunction without a hearing or
without notice. In determining whether a preliminary or
special injunction should be granted and whether notice or a
hearing should be required, the court may act on the basis of the
averments of the pleadings or petition and may consider
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affidavits of parties or third persons or any other proof which the
court may require.
Pa.R.C.P. 1531(a) (emphases added).
In Turner Const. v. Plumbers Local 690, 130 A.3d 47 (Pa. Super.
2015), this Court stated the following:
While Pa.R.C.P. 1531 expressly recognizes special injunctions,
the rule does not define the term or differentiate it from a
preliminary injunction. Our Supreme Court has described a
special injunction as one that “grants relief which is auxiliary to
the main relief requested in the complaint.” Matter of Franklin
Twp. Bd. of Sup'rs, 475 Pa. 65, 379 A.2d 874, 879 (1977).
See also 15 Standard Pennsylvania Practice 2d § 83:11
(footnoted omitted) (“A special injunction, like a preliminary
injunction, is commonly sought to preserve the status quo until
the final hearing. A special injunction may be asked for during
the pendency of an equity action, and it may be granted at any
stage of the proceedings, whenever it is necessary to preserve
the status quo.”).
Id. at 53 n.6 (emphasis added). We recently stated that “[b]ecause of the
many similarities between preliminary and special injunctions, the two types
tend to merge into one and the words are used interchangeably.”
Hendricks v. Hendricks, ___ A.3d ___, ___, 2017 PA Super 370, *8 n.9
(Pa. Super. filed November 20, 2017). Moreover, “the Pennsylvania Rules of
Civil Procedure treat them exactly alike.” Id. (citing 5 Goodrich Amram 2d §
1531(a):1 (Amram Commentary)).
In reviewing a preliminary or special injunction, “an appellate court is
to conduct a searching inquiry of the record. Accordingly, the scope of
review in preliminary [or special] injunction matters in plenary.”
Hendricks, ___ A.3d at ___, 2017 PA Super 370 at *9 (quoting Warehime
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v. Warehime, 860 A.2d 41, 46 n.7 (Pa. 2004)). Moreover, “Appellate
courts review a trial court order refusing or granting a preliminary injunction
for an abuse of discretion.” Summit Towne Ctr., Inc. v. Shoe Show of
Rocky Mount, Inc., 828 A.2d 995, 1000 (Pa. 2003) (citing Maritrans GP,
Inc. v. Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, 602 A.2d 1277, 1286–1287 (Pa.
1992)). This standard of review requires that:
[w]hen reviewing a trial court’s grant or refusal of a preliminary
injunction, an appellate court does not inquire into the merits of
the controversy, but rather examines only the record to
ascertain whether any apparently reasonable grounds existed for
the action of the court below. We may reverse if the trial court’s
ruling amounted to an abuse of discretion or a misapplication of
law.
Hendricks, ___ A.3d at ___, 2017 PA Super 370 at *9 (citing Morgan
Trailer Mft. Co. v. Hydraroll, Ltd., 759 A.2d 926, 932 (Pa. Super. 2000)
(quotation omitted)).
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1531(a), which sets forth the
procedure governing preliminary and “special injunctions,” requires notice
and a hearing prior to granting or denying a special injunction. Pa.R.C.P.
1531(a); WPNT, Inc. v. Secret Communication Inc., 661 A.2d 409, 410–
11 (Pa. Super. 1995). Our Supreme Court has held that “it is . . .
fundamental that all of the parties are entitled to a hearing before [a
preliminary] injunction should issue.” Id. at 411 (quoting Pubusky v.
D.M.F. Inc., 239 A.2d 335 (Pa. 1968)). A special injunction may be granted
in the absence of a hearing, but only upon a demonstration by the moving
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party that “immediate and irreparable injury will be sustained before notice
can be given or a hearing held.” Pa.R.C.P. 1531(a); Commonwealth ex
rel. Costa v. Boley, 272 A.2d 905, 909 (Pa. 1971); accord Home Line
Furniture Indus., Inc. v. Banner Retail Mktg., LLC, 631 F.Supp.2d 628,
633 (E.D. Pa. 2009).
In the instant case, there was no hearing held, preliminary or
otherwise. The certified record contains no findings by the trial court. The
May 11, 2017 hearing5 that was scheduled for the purpose of evaluating
whether the May 4, 2017 special injunction should continue never occurred.
Further, the trial court’s explanation that the motion to remove the case to
the Center precluded the trial court from proceeding lacks support in the
certified record. There existed merely a future date for a status conference
to determine the propriety of the motion. Moreover, despite holding that the
motion to Judge Ward “removed the case from Motions Court and [the trial
court] no longer had the power to hold the scheduled hearing on May 11,”
Trial Court Opinion, 6/30/17, at 2, the trial court, in direct opposition,
asserted its “power” to enter an order stating that the May 4, 2017 order
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5
Although the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure require that an
injunction “shall be deemed dissolved unless a hearing on the continuance of
the injunction is held within five days after the granting of the injunction,”
they further provide that “the parties may agree” to a different time.
Pa.R.C.P. 1531(d). PCA avers in its brief that the parties agreed to schedule
the hearing for May 11, 2017, seven days following the issuance of the May
4, 2017 injunction. PCA’s Brief at 8 n.2.
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“shall remain in effect pending further order of court.” Order, 5/11/17. If
the trial court did not have the power to hold the scheduled hearing, it did
not have the power to enter an order.
PCA asserts that the special injunction issued on May 4, 2017,
dissolved as a matter of law after the trial court failed to hold a hearing.
PCA’s Brief at 19. PCA avers that Judge Friedman never took the position on
May 11, 2017, that she was deprived of jurisdiction by the assignment of the
case to Judge Ward; rather, she asserted that reason for the first time in the
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. PCA’s Brief at 17.
Issuance of a preliminary or special injunction without a hearing is
invalid. Ranck v. Bonal Enter, Inc., 359 A.2d 748, 750 (Pa. 1976). Even
if the trial court properly granted the injunction without holding a hearing,
Pa.R.C.P. 1531(d) requires that a hearing must occur within five days of the
issuance of a preliminary or special injunction. In the absence of such
hearing, the “special injunction is void on its face and dissolves by operation
of law.” Commonwealth ex rel. Costa, 272 A.2d at 908; E. Stroudsburg
University v. Hubbard, 591 A.2d 1181, 1186 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1991)).
The hearing requirement under Rule 1531(d) is uncompromising. Ogontz
Controls Co. v Pirkle, 477 A.2d 876 (Pa. Super. 1984).
We conclude that the trial court was compelled to hold a hearing to
determine whether the requirements for an injunction were met, and it
never did so. Pa.R.C.P. 1531. The trial court’s representation in its opinion
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that the May 11, 2017 hearing was not held due to PCA’s motion to assign
the matter to the Center is not supported by the record. The motion was
merely that, a motion with no definitive disposition. This trial court had
granted a special injunction without holding a hearing, and it was obligated
to hold a hearing within five days or the special injunction would dissolve.
Id. The court’s action in granting the injunction indefinitely, without ever
holding a hearing, was improper.
Hence, in light of the procedural irregularities present herein and the
lack of any findings in the sparse and incomplete record, we find an abuse of
discretion by the trial court. There exist no “apparently reasonable grounds”
for granting and continuing the special injunction without holding a hearing
that are supported in the record. Summit Towne Ctr., 828 A.2d at 1000.
We vacate the May 4, 2017, and May 11, 2017 orders granting injunctive
relief and remand to the trial court to hold a hearing on Dellaposta’s request
for a preliminary or special injunction if the case is properly before it.
Orders vacated. Case remanded for further proceeding consistent with
this Memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/30/2018
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