MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2018 ME 23
Docket: Fra-17-275
Submitted
On Briefs: November 29, 2017
Decided: February 6, 2018
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
STACY B. (GREENLEAF) MOOAR
v.
TERRY L. GREENLEAF
HUMPHREY, J.
[¶1] Terry L. Greenleaf appeals from a judgment of divorce from
Stacy B. (Greenleaf) Mooar entered by the District Court (Farmington,
Carlson, J.). In this appeal, Greenleaf contends that the court erred by failing to
classify the increase in value to the property in Jay, Maine as marital or
nonmarital and that it abused its discretion in its award of spousal support. We
vacate the judgment in part and remand for further proceedings.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On January 6, 2016, Mooar filed a complaint for divorce from
Greenleaf after over nineteen years of marriage. The parties have five minor
children, including three adopted children, and one adult child who lives with
Greenleaf. The adult son neither attends school nor works. Greenleaf has
2
worked for the Town of Jay for the past thirty years, earning $51,104.80
annually. Mooar is a stay-at-home parent and receives $26,097.50 in annual
adoption subsidies.
[¶3] During the marriage, the parties lived in Jay on land conveyed to
Greenleaf by his parents prior to the parties’ marriage. Greenleaf purchased a
mobile home before the marriage for $18,500, providing a down payment of
$10,000 and financing $8,500. At the time of the divorce, there was a mortgage
on the property with a balance owed of $28,594.57.1 The value of the real
estate, including the home, was $44,930.
[¶4] The court held a contested hearing on March 17, 2017.2 In its
divorce judgment, the court awarded the real estate in Jay and the debt
associated with it to Greenleaf and ordered Greenleaf to pay Mooar (1) child
support arrearages of $12,408; (2) ongoing child support pursuant to the child
support guidelines; and (3) spousal support of $350 per week for 9.75 years.
The court also ordered Greenleaf’s retirement account, worth $132,799.64 and
1 Although the court does not articulate this in its judgment, this amount is the undisputed balance
owed on a home equity loan that the parties took out in 2005 in Greenleaf’s name to pay off the
remainder of the loan on the mobile home and to pay for home improvements.
2
Before the hearing, the parties engaged in mediation and agreed to parental rights and
responsibilities and primary residence of the minor children. Mooar was awarded primary residence
for the four youngest children and Greenleaf was awarded primary residence for the parties’ oldest
minor son.
3
subject to a loan of $19,050.68, to be liquidated to pay off the outstanding loan
as well as the child support arrearage, and ordered that the remainder be
divided between the parties, with sixty percent awarded to Mooar and forty
percent to Greenleaf. Mooar was allocated any and all debts solely in her name
and Greenleaf was allocated any and all debts solely in his name as well as any
and all joint marital debts.
[¶5] Greenleaf filed a timely motion to amend the court’s findings, make
additional findings, and amend the divorce judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P.
52(b) and 59(e), or, in the alternative, for a new trial pursuant to M.R. Civ. P.
59(b). The court granted the motion in part, amending its judgment to reduce
Greenleaf’s weekly child support obligation to account for the cost of the
children’s health insurance, but summarily denied the other relief sought.
Greenleaf timely appealed. See 19-A M.R.S. § 104 (2017); M.R. App. P. 2(b)(3)
(Tower 2016).3
II. DISCUSSION
[¶6] Before addressing Greenleaf’s arguments regarding the court’s
failure to classify the real estate in Jay as marital or nonmarital and its award of
3 This appeal was commenced before September 1, 2017, and therefore the restyled Maine Rules
of Appellate Procedure do not apply. See M.R. App. P. 1.
4
spousal support, we must first consider how Greenleaf’s Rule 52 motion affects
the standard of appellate review. See Ehret v. Ehret, 2016 ME 43, ¶ 8,
135 A.3d 101.
[¶7] After the entry of a judgment, if a party moves for findings pursuant
to Rule 52, “the trial court must ensure that the judgment is supported by
express factual findings that are based on record evidence, are sufficient to
support the result, and are sufficient to inform the parties and any reviewing
court of the basis for the decision.” Id. ¶ 9. Although we ordinarily assume that
a trial court found all the facts necessary to support its judgment, when, as here,
“a motion for findings has been filed and denied, we cannot infer findings from
the evidence in the record. Instead, the court’s decision must include sufficient
findings to support its result or the order must be vacated.” Douglas v. Douglas,
2012 ME 67, ¶ 27, 43 A.3d 965 (citation omitted). We review a trial court’s
denial of a Rule 52 motion for abuse of discretion. See Dalton v. Dalton,
2014 ME 108, ¶ 21, 99 A.3d 723.
[¶8] Because the court denied Greenleaf’s Rule 52 motion as it pertained
to the property classification and spousal support, we cannot infer findings
from the record. See Douglas, 2012 ME 67, ¶ 27, 43 A.3d 965. If we conclude
that the court abused its discretion when it denied Greenleaf’s Rule 52 motion
5
regarding the property classification or spousal support award, we must vacate
the denial of Greenleaf’s motion and must also vacate those portions of the
judgment and remand for further findings. See id.; Ehret, 2016 ME 43, ¶ 16,
135 A.3d 101.
A. Property Classification
[¶9] Greenleaf contends that the court erred when it failed to classify the
real estate in Jay as marital or nonmarital property and that it abused its
discretion when it denied his Rule 52 motion regarding the property
distribution. See Dalton, 2014 ME 108, ¶ 21, 99 A.3d 723. In his Rule 52 motion
and on appeal, Greenleaf argues that the real estate should have been
designated as nonmarital.
[¶10] In its judgment, the court discussed the real estate in Jay,
explaining that Greenleaf had received the land by gift and had purchased the
mobile home prior to the parties’ marriage by providing a down payment and
financing the balance of the purchase price, with the majority of the payments
on the mortgage made during the marriage. The judgment referenced the
outstanding mortgage and present property value, which had increased over
the years of the marriage. It did not, however, classify the property as marital
or nonmarital before awarding it and the associated debt to Greenleaf.
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[¶11] We have “long recognized a three-step process for distributing
property in a divorce.” Laqualia v. Laqualia, 2011 ME 114, ¶ 13, 30 A.3d 838;
see also 19-A M.R.S. § 953(1) (2017). First, the trial court must distinguish
marital from nonmarital property. See Laqualia, 2011 ME 114, ¶ 13,
30 A.3d 838. Property acquired by one party before marriage is typically
designated as nonmarital. See Miliano v. Miliano, 2012 ME 100, ¶¶ 16, 23,
50 A.3d 534. The other party must then demonstrate that the property has
marital components before the burden shifts to the first party to show which
portion of the property is nonmarital. See id. ¶ 23; see also Violette v. Violette,
2015 ME 97, ¶ 23, 120 A.3d 667 (explaining that when a spouse obtains real
property before marriage, but the parties make mortgage payments during the
marriage, the property will have both marital and nonmarital components).
Second, the court must set apart the nonmarital property to its owner. See
Laqualia, 2011 ME 114, ¶ 13, 30 A.3d 838; see also Miliano, 2012 ME 100, ¶ 16,
50 A.3d 534 (stating that the court has no discretion to distribute nonmarital
property because “such property is simply not subject to the court’s general
equitable powers of distribution” (alteration omitted) (quotation marks
omitted)). “Finally, the court must divide marital property in such proportion
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as the court deems just.” Laqualia, 2011 ME 114, ¶ 13, 30 A.3d 838 (quotation
marks omitted).
[¶12] Although the court’s findings suggest that the real estate in Jay has
both marital and nonmarital components, the court did not determine what
portion of it is nonmarital to be set aside to Greenleaf and thus missed an
integral part of the first step in the property distribution process outlined
above.4 See Laqualia, 2011 ME 114, ¶ 13, 30 A.3d 838. Because the court denied
Greenleaf’s Rule 52 motion, we cannot infer whether the remainder of the
property division, including the division of Greenleaf’s retirement account,
would have been affected by a classification of the Jay real estate, or portions of
it, as marital or nonmarital. See Douglas, 2012 ME 67, ¶ 27, 43 A.3d 965.
[¶13] In its judgment, the court neither set forth adequate findings on
this contested issue nor made findings on the issues raised by Greenleaf in his
Rule 52 motion, thus preventing effective appellate review. See Finucan v.
Williams, 2013 ME 75, ¶ 15, 73 A.3d 1056. Accordingly, the denial of Greenleaf’s
motion regarding the property classification constitutes an abuse of discretion.
We must vacate this portion of the judgment and remand for the court to
4 Nor did the court indicate that the parties had presented insufficient evidence to shift the
burdens. See Miliano v. Miliano, 2012 ME 100, ¶ 23, 50 A.3d 534.
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classify the real estate in Jay, or portions of it, as marital or nonmarital and to
reevaluate the entire property distribution, if necessary.
B. Spousal Support
[¶14] Greenleaf also contends that the court abused its discretion in its
determination of spousal support and asserts that he does not have the ability
to pay the required amount. In his Rule 52 motion and on appeal, Greenleaf
highlights the judgment’s silence on his ability to pay. We review a court’s
decision regarding spousal support for abuse of discretion. See Jandreau v.
LaChance, 2015 ME 66, ¶ 14, 116 A.3d 1273.
[¶15] Section 951-A(5) of title 19-A outlines the factors that a court must
consider when determining an award of spousal support. Included in the list of
factors is the “ability of each party to pay.” 19-A M.R.S. § 951-A(5)(B) (2017).
The statute requires the court to make a statement accompanying its award of
spousal support, referencing the factors on which it relied. 19-A M.R.S.
§ 951-A(1)(D) (2017).
[¶16] In its order granting spousal support, the court made such a
statement, discussing the length of the marriage, the health of the parties, the
parties’ contributions to homemaking, and the divergent employment and
income histories of the parties. Absent from that list is Greenleaf’s ability to
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pay. Although the court may rely on some of the factors listed in section
951-A(5) to the exclusion of others, Jandreau, 2015 ME 66, ¶ 16, 116 A.3d 1273,
and “the court need not detail its rationale, it has a duty to make sufficient
findings to inform the parties of the reasons for its conclusions, and to allow for
effective appellate review,” Finucan, 2013 ME 75, ¶ 15, 73 A.3d 1056 (alteration
omitted) (quotation marks omitted).
[¶17] According to Greenleaf, he would be left with $18 each week after
weekly deductions, expenses, and the spousal support payment. Mooar
disputes Greenleaf’s calculation. Further, a calculation using the information
provided by Greenleaf in his financial statement does not support the amount
calculated by either party in their briefs.5 Nevertheless, given the small amount
of money that Greenleaf alleges he will have left over each week, Greenleaf’s
ability to pay is a relevant factor that the court should have considered—and
explained how it considered—in its spousal support award. See Ehret,
2016 ME 43, ¶ 17, 135 A.3d 101. Because we cannot infer findings after a denial
of a Rule 52 motion, the court’s failure to address Greenleaf’s ability to pay
precludes effective appellate review. See Finucan, 2013 ME 75, ¶ 15,
5 This calculation uses the amended child support payment and removes the loan payment
because the court ordered the loan to be paid off with the proceeds from Greenleaf’s liquidated
retirement account.
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73 A.3d 1056. Accordingly, we conclude that the court also abused its
discretion when it denied Greenleaf’s Rule 52 motion as it pertained to the
spousal support award. We therefore vacate this portion of the divorce
judgment and remand for the court to consider, and explain how it considered,
Greenleaf’s ability to pay. See id. ¶ 18.
The entry is:
Order denying motion for further findings with
regard to the property distribution and the
spousal support vacated. Divorce judgment
vacated only as to property distribution and
spousal support. Remainder of judgment is
affirmed. Remanded for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
Patrick R. Nickerson, Esq., Paradie, Sherman, Walker & Worden, Lewiston, for
appellant Terry L. Greenleaf
Caroline Y. Jova, Esq., Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Portland, for appellee Stacy B.
(Greenleaf) Mooar
Farmington District Court docket number FM-2016-03
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY