09-0764-ag
Duka v. Holder
BIA
Hom, IJ
A 099 599 252
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO SUMMARY ORDERS
FILED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1
AND FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1. IN A BRIEF OR OTHER PAPER IN WHICH A
LITIGANT CITES A SUMMARY ORDER, IN EACH PARAGRAPH IN WHICH A CITATION APPEARS, AT LEAST
ONE CITATION MUST EITHER BE TO THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE NOTATION:
“(SUMMARY ORDER).” A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF THAT SUMMARY ORDER
TOGETHER WITH THE PAPER IN WHICH THE SUMMARY ORDER IS CITED ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED
BY COUNSEL UNLESS THE SUMMARY ORDER IS AVAILABLE IN AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE WHICH IS
PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT PAYMENT OF FEE (SUCH AS THE DATABASE AVAILABLE AT
HTTP://WWW.CA2.USCOURTS.GOV/). IF NO COPY IS SERVED BY REASON OF THE AVAILABILITY OF THE
ORDER ON SUCH A DATABASE, THE CITATION MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE TO THAT DATABASE AND THE
DOCKET NUMBER OF THE CASE IN WHICH THE ORDER WAS ENTERED.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan
3 United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of
4 New York, on the 15 th day of December, two thousand nine.
5
6 PRESENT:
7 RALPH K. WINTER,
8 PIERRE N. LEVAL,
9 REENA RAGGI,
10 Circuit Judges.
11 _______________________________________
12
13 MAIR DUKA,
14 Petitioner,
15
16 v. 09-0764-ag
17 NAC
18 ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., ATTORNEY GENERAL,
19 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,
20 Respondent.
21 ______________________________________
22
23 FOR PETITIONER: Sam Gjoni, New York, New York.
1 FOR RESPONDENT: Tony West, Assistant Attorney
2 General; Barry J. Pettinato,
3 Assistant Director; Julia J. Tyler,
4 Trial Attorney, Office of
5 Immigration Litigation, Civil
6 Division, United States Department
7 of Justice, Washington, D.C.
8
9 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a
10 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby
11 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review
12 is DENIED.
13 Petitioner Mair Duka, a native of Yugoslavia and a
14 citizen of Macedonia, seeks review of the February 13, 2009
15 order of the BIA affirming the November 29, 2006 decision of
16 Immigration Judge (“IJ”) Sandy Hom denying his applications
17 for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the
18 Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). In re Mair Duka, No. A
19 099 599 252 (B.I.A. Feb. 13, 2009), aff’g No. A 099 599 252
20 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Nov. 29, 2006). We assume the
21 parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and
22 procedural history in this case.
23 We review the agency’s factual findings, including
24 adverse credibility determinations, under the substantial
25 evidence standard.
26 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Corovic v. Mukasey, 519
27 F.3d 90, 95 (2d Cir. 2008). We review de novo questions of
2
1 law and the application of law to undisputed fact. See
2 Salimatou Bah v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 99, 110 (2d Cir. 2008).
3 As an initial matter, Duka does not challenge the IJ’s
4 findings that: (1) his testimony was inconsistent regarding
5 the amount of time he was detained in 2001 while helping
6 Kosovar refugees; (2) he gave inconsistent explanations as
7 to why his persecutors referred to him as “dukat”; (3) his
8 testimony was inconsistent regarding the number of times he
9 had been detained for seven days or more; (4) his failure to
10 include the purpose of the demonstration he attended in
11 March 2004 in the written statement attached to his asylum
12 application (which he later testified was to promote the
13 establishment of an Albanian university) reflected poorly on
14 his credibility; (5) his testimony was inconsistent
15 regarding whether he was arrested at the demonstration
16 itself or at his home; and (6) his testimony that he had, on
17 one occasion, been interrogated about his membership in the
18 various organizations that planned the demonstration was
19 inconsistent with his written statement claiming that he was
20 interrogated about an alleged plan to attack the local
21 police station. Although Duka argues generally that the IJ
22 should have overlooked the “minor discrepancies” in his
23 testimony, under the REAL ID Act, “an IJ may rely on any
24 inconsistency or omission in making an adverse credibility
3
1 determination as long as the ‘totality of the circumstances’
2 establishes that the asylum applicant is not credible.”
3 Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d 162, 167 (2d Cir. 2008) (quoting 8
4 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)); see In re J-Y-C-, 24 I. & N.
5 Dec. 260, 265 (BIA 2007) (noting that “the REAL ID Act no
6 longer requires the trier of fact to find a nexus between
7 inconsistencies and the ‘heart of the claim’”).
8 Accordingly, substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse
9 credibility determination. See Shunfu Li v. Mukasey, 529
10 F.3d 141, 146 (2d Cir. 2008).
11 Duka does challenge the IJ’s finding that, based on his
12 demeanor, Duka appeared as if he “had memorized a very long
13 script, approximately nine pages of factual elements” and
14 was “unable to relate specifics when asked.” Duka contends
15 that if he had memorized his testimony, he would not have
16 had such difficulty recalling events and testifying to them
17 accordingly. However, the IJ did not find that Duka had
18 memorized his script perfectly, but rather that he
19 “continually reverted back to earlier testimony that he had
20 provided to the Court giving the impression to the Court
21 that he was unable to stay on course, stay on script, with
22 regard to his testimony.” Nothing in the record compels a
23 contrary conclusion, especially because we give particular
24 deference to the trier of fact’s assessment of demeanor.
4
1 See Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 81 n.1 (2d Cir. 2005).
2 Ultimately, substantial evidence supported the IJ’s
3 adverse credibility determination. Thus, the IJ properly
4 denied Duka’s application for asylum, withholding of
5 removal, and CAT relief because the only evidence that he
6 would be persecuted or tortured depended on his credibility.
7 See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534
8 F.3d 162, 167 (2d Cir. 2008); Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d
9 148, 156 (2d Cir. 2006); Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep’t of
10 Justice, 434 F.3d 144, 163 (2d Cir. 2006).
11 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is
12 DENIED. As we have completed our review, any pending motion
13 for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot.
14 Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is
15 DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate
16 Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34(b).
17
18 FOR THE COURT:
19 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
20
21
22 By:___________________________
5