IN THE SUPREME COURT OF IOWA
No. 12–0229
Filed April 27, 2012
IOWA SUPREME COURT ATTORNEY DISCIPLINARY BOARD,
Complainant,
vs.
RICHARD S. KALLSEN,
Respondent.
On review from the report of the Grievance Commission of the
Supreme Court of Iowa.
Grievance commission reports respondent has committed multiple
ethical infractions and recommends two-year suspension of respondent’s
license to practice law. LICENSE SUSPENDED.
Charles L. Harrington and Teresa A. Vens, Des Moines, for
complainant.
Richard S. Kallsen, Sioux City, pro se.
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WATERMAN, Justice.
The Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board filed a
complaint against Richard S. Kallsen arising from his representation of
Elvin Farris defending a charge of operating while intoxicated, second
offense. Kallsen filed a forged guilty plea with the district court resulting
in Farris serving a seven-day jail sentence. The Board alleges Kallsen’s
conduct violated four Iowa Rules of Professional Conduct related to
attorney–client authority, candor toward a tribunal, and the
administration of justice. A division of the Grievance Commission of the
Supreme Court of Iowa determined Kallsen violated the four rules
charged in the complaint and recommended we suspend Kallsen’s license
for two years. On our de novo review, we find Kallsen violated all
charged rules and suspend him from the practice of law for one year.
I. Scope of Review.
“We review attorney disciplinary proceedings de novo.” Iowa
Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Dunahoo, 799 N.W.2d 524, 528
(Iowa 2011) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “We give the
commission’s findings respectful consideration, but we are not bound by
them.” Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Boles, 808 N.W.2d 431,
434 (Iowa 2012). “The [B]oard must establish attorney misconduct by a
convincing preponderance of the evidence.” Dunahoo, 799 N.W.2d at
528. If we find the Board established attorney misconduct, we can
impose a sanction more or less severe than the commission’s
recommended sanction. Boles, 808 N.W.2d at 434.
II. Procedural History and Findings of Fact.
Kallsen informally defended himself by sending the Board a letter
and the commission an email rather than filing responsive pleadings and
following the formal adjudicatory procedures set forth in our court rules.
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His letter conceded that, “[e]ssentially, the complaints are factually true,
but for a few minor omissions.” His point of disagreement is hardly
minor, however—Kallsen denies the Board’s allegations that he directed
Farris’s fiancée, Jamie Jacobson, to forge the plea papers. The complaint
alleges:
13. Ms. Jacobson called [Kallsen], who told Ms. Jacobson to
come to his office and sign the papers for Mr. Farris.
14. Ms. Jacobson went to [Kallsen’s] office and signed Elvin
Farris’ name three times in the presence of [Kallsen].
Kallsen filed no answer to the complaint. The Board’s request for
admissions similarly alleges: “Request No. 5. Jamie Jacobson signed the
name of Elvin Farris on pages 4 and 5 of exhibit 1 at the direction of
respondent, Richard Kallsen.” Kallsen filed no response to the request
for admissions and no resistance to the Board’s motion to deem the
requests admitted.
In his October 24 letter to the Board, Kallsen stated:
I tendered what I thought was a plea agreement signed by
[Farris]. There is disagreement as to whether Mr. Farris
signed the document or not. In looking at the plea
document, it does appear that the signatures are not similar,
and as such, that Mr. Farris did not sign the plea and
waiver. I do not disagree with that, but I also testified in my
[postconviction relief proceeding] deposition, and have
maintained throughout, that I did not sign Mr. Farris’ name,
nor direct anyone else to sign the documents for him. I
believed in good faith that Mr. Farris had signed the
documents . . . .
In his email to the commission on the eve of his disciplinary proceeding,
Kallsen again denied he directed the forgery:
Regarding the particulars of the complaint, I freely
admit all of Count 1, except for paragraphs 13 and 14. I do
not recall telling Ms. Jacobson to sign paperwork in my
office. I did, however, notarize the papers and that was a
mistake. I was flustered and in a hurry and just signed the
notary, even though notary is not necessary and I usually do
not notarize plea documents.
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He failed to attend the commission’s evidentiary hearing. We must
consider what weight, if any, we should give to Kallsen’s informal denials.
A. The Appropriate Evidentiary Record. The commission
properly granted the Board’s motion to admit allegations in the Board’s
complaint as true, but nevertheless received Kallsen’s letter and email
into evidence. We find it inappropriate to give any probative value to
Kallsen’s letter or email.
The Board served Kallsen with its complaint, request for
production, and request for admissions on October 13, 2011. The notice
of complaint informed Kallsen he had twenty days to file a written
answer. Iowa Court Rule 36.7 states:
For good cause shown upon written application, the
grievance commission may grant an extension of time for
filing an answer. If the respondent fails or refuses to file
such answer within the time specified, the allegations of the
complaint shall be considered admitted . . . .
Kallsen did not file a responsive pleading with the grievance
commission’s clerk’s office as required by rule 36.11 nor did he file a
written application for extension as permitted by rule 36.7. Our court
rule makes unmistakably clear that “the allegations of the complaint
shall be considered admitted” in this situation. We have enforced this
rule on multiple occasions. See, e.g., Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary
Bd. v. Hearity, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___ (Iowa 2012) (“ ‘[T]he allegations of an
ethics complaint are deemed admitted if the respondent fails to answer
within the specified time.’ ” (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary
Bd. v. Conroy, 795 N.W.2d 502, 506 (Iowa 2011))); Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y
Disciplinary Bd. v. Adams, 749 N.W.2d 666, 669 (Iowa 2008) (“The
allegations of the complaint and the commission’s request for
information were deemed admitted based on Adams’ failure to respond.”).
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Further, on November 15, the Board filed a motion that the complaint’s
allegations be deemed admitted because Kallsen had failed to file an
answer. On December 27, the Board moved to admit its requests for
admissions pursuant to Iowa Court Rule 35.6 and Iowa Rule of Civil
Procedure 1.510(3). Kallsen did not file a resistance to either motion as
required by Iowa Court Rule 36.11.
Kallsen attempted to skirt the formal adversary process by
defending himself through two self-termed “informal note[s].” He
presented no sworn evidence on his behalf, nor was he subject to cross-
examination. See Iowa Ct. R. 36.14(3) (stating the respondent shall
“present evidence in accordance with the Iowa Rules of Civil Procedure
and the Iowa Rules of Evidence”). “We have long held that an attorney
has an obligation to cooperate with disciplinary authorities and that
failure to respond to an investigation committee’s request constitutes a
separate act of misconduct subjecting the attorney to discipline.” Iowa
Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Casey, 761 N.W.2d 53, 60 (Iowa
2009). We similarly expect attorneys to defend themselves within the
formal adjudicatory procedures provided in our court rules. Accordingly,
we do not give any weight to Kallsen’s letter or email denying certain
Board allegations.
We deem the allegations in the Board’s complaint admitted.
Hearity, ___ N.W.2d at ___. Additionally, the commission received into
evidence thirteen exhibits and heard testimony from Farris. Based upon
this record, we find the following facts.
B. Findings of Fact. Kallsen graduated from law school in 1995
and was admitted to practice in Iowa in January 1996. He maintained
his law practice in Woodbury County. Burned out with the practice of
law in 2000, after only four years, he began to wind down his law
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practice to pursue a teaching career. Kallsen neglected two clients
during his career transition, which resulted in this court suspending his
license for three months in 2003. Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics &
Conduct v. Kallsen, 670 N.W.2d 161, 162 (Iowa 2003). In April 2008,
Kallsen applied for reinstatement, which we granted.
In July 2009, Kallsen agreed to represent Farris on his OWI,
second offense charge. Farris paid Kallsen $1200 to assist him in the
Department of Transportation administrative hearing and the criminal
proceeding. The two agreed to a strategy of delaying the proceedings to
allow Farris to continue uninterrupted employment as an over-the-road
construction worker. Kallsen successfully delayed the proceedings for
many months. Eventually Farris had to face the music. On
February 16, 2010, the district court ordered “[p]lea taking and
sentencing . . . set for March 23, 2010.”
After viewing the police video of Farris’s arrest and the other
evidence, Kallsen believed a plea deal was in Farris’s best interest.
Farris, however, was adamant he was not drunk and would not plead
without first seeing the video. Kallsen had negotiated three different plea
offers with prosecuting authorities and sent each to Farris’s Sioux City
home, which he shared with Jacobson. Farris received some of the
paperwork; however, he had not signed or returned the paperwork, in
part, because Kallsen still had not shared the police video with him.
On the morning of March 23, Kallsen attempted to call Farris
several times to obtain his plea documents. Farris refused to answer his
phone. Kallsen then contacted Jacobson at work explaining to her that
he could not reach Farris, and he needed Farris’s guilty plea immediately
or Farris would go to jail. Jacobson failed to reach Farris before she left
work to go home to search for his plea documents. Unable to find them,
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she called Kallsen who told her to come to his office and sign another set
of the plea documents. Jacobson went to Kallsen’s office and signed
Farris’s name three times in Kallsen’s presence. Kallsen then notarized
the signature on the plea affidavit before filing the documents with the
Woodbury County Clerk of Court that same day. The plea was for OWI,
first offense. The district court sentenced Farris to 365 days in jail, with
358 days suspended. The March 23 sentencing order provided mittimus
shall issue on April 5—providing nearly two weeks before Farris was to
report to jail.
Farris answered Jacobson’s phone call the afternoon of March 23
and learned Kallsen had entered a plea on his behalf. Farris testified he
did not know what to do, but Jacobson told him he had to turn himself
in to the police. Farris did not contact any other lawyer or speak to
Kallsen during the thirteen days before he reported to jail. Someone who
never expected to plead guilty and serve jail time presumably would have
protested during this interim. Farris simply served the seven days in jail,
from April 5 to April 11. According to Farris’s unchallenged testimony,
after he was released from jail, Kallsen admitted he had acted
inappropriately by entering the guilty plea without Farris’s authorization
and said he would so inform the court. Kallsen offered no admissible
evidence to cast doubt on Farris’s version of events. Kallsen also
refunded Farris’s $1200 fee. On April 21, Farris filed a postconviction
relief action on his own behalf. After taking depositions, the State filed a
motion to set aside Farris’s guilty plea and conviction. The district court
granted the motion. A trial date was reset. The arresting officer was ill
at time of trial, and the State dismissed the OWI charge against Farris
with prejudice.
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On March 1, 2011, Kallsen placed his law license on inactive
status. We retain authority to take disciplinary action against an
attorney, even though the attorney is not actively engaged in the practice
of law. Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Templeton, 784 N.W.2d
761, 767 (Iowa 2010).
III. Ethical Violations.
The Board alleged Kallsen violated rules 32:1.2(a), 32:3.3(a)(1),
32:8.4(c), and 32:8.4(d). The commission found Kallsen violated each of
these rules. We agree.
Rule 32:1.2(a) states, “In a criminal case, the lawyer shall abide by
the client’s decision, after consultation with the lawyer, as to a plea to be
entered . . . .” Farris communicated to Kallsen that he did not want to
plead guilty to the OWI charge. Farris was adamant he was not drunk.
Kallsen disregarded Farris’s instructions and filed forged plea documents
with the district court. Kallsen’s conduct was a flagrant violation of his
professional duty to abide by his client’s plea decision. See Iowa
Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Schall, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___ (Iowa
2012) (lawyer violated rule 32:1.2(a) by altering plea of not guilty form to
effect an unauthorized waiver of right to speedy trial).
Rule 32:3.3(a)(1) prohibits a lawyer from “knowingly” making “a
false statement of fact or law to a tribunal or fail[ing] to correct a false
statement of material fact . . . previously made.” “Knowingly” is defined
as “actual knowledge of the fact in question” and can “be inferred from
circumstances.” Iowa R. Prof’l Conduct 32:1.0(f). Kallsen directed the
forgery of his client’s plea papers and then improperly notarized the
signature. He represented to the court that Farris signed the plea papers
in his presence with actual knowledge this was untrue. We find Kallsen
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knowingly made a false statement of fact to the district court in violation
of rule 32:3.3(a)(1).
Rule 32:8.4(c) states it is professional misconduct to “engage in
conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation.” We
have concluded an attorney does not violate this general prohibition
against dishonesty when the attorney’s same conduct violates a specific
rule of misconduct. See, e.g., Hearity, ___ N.W.2d at ___; Iowa Supreme
Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Parrish, 801 N.W.2d 580, 587 (Iowa 2011);
Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Netti, 797 N.W.2d 591, 605
(Iowa 2011). Here, we found Kallsen made a knowing misstatement of
material fact to the district court in violation of rule 32:3.3(a)(1). His
dishonesty, however, goes beyond this specific rule violation. Filing the
plea was merely the last step in a dishonest scheme to ensure Farris pled
guilty. He called Jacobson and told her Farris would go to jail if he did
not file the guilty plea papers. He directed her to come to his office and
forge Farris’s signature. Then he improperly notarized the plea papers.
We find this conduct violates rule 32:8.4(c). See Schall, ___ N.W.2d at ___
(false representation as notary violates rule 32:8.4(c)).
Rule 32:8.4(d) states it is professional misconduct to “engage in
conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice.” Conduct
prejudices the administration of justice when it impedes “ ‘the efficient
and proper operation of the courts or of ancillary systems upon which
the courts rely.’ ” Templeton, 784 N.W.2d at 768 (quoting Iowa Supreme
Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Howe, 706 N.W.2d 360, 373 (Iowa 2005)).
Kallsen’s conduct clearly impeded the efficient operation of the courts.
Farris served seven days in jail despite not making a knowing and
intelligent plea. The plea was set aside after a postconviction relief
proceeding, which wasted judicial resources. Kallsen’s actions required
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the county attorney to reprosecute Farris, again wasting judicial
resources. We find Kallsen’s conduct violated rule 32:8.4(d). See Schall,
___ N.W.2d at ___ (rule 32:8.4(d) violated when lawyer’s false statements
cause unnecessary motions and court hearings).
IV. Sanction.
We craft appropriate sanctions based upon each case’s unique
circumstances, although prior cases are instructive. Boles, 808 N.W.2d
at 441. In determining a sanction
we consider the nature of the violations, the attorney’s
fitness to continue in the practice of law, the protection of
society from those unfit to practice law, the need to uphold
public confidence in the justice system, deterrence,
maintenance of the reputation of the bar as a whole, and any
aggravating or mitigating circumstances.
Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
The commission recommended Kallsen receive a two-year
suspension. The commission deemed Kallsen’s conduct to be “active
deceit” and found Kallsen’s prior suspension, the short interval between
his license reinstatement and this incident, and his failure to cooperate
with the Board to be aggravating factors. The commission found
Kallsen’s current inactive status and fee refund to be mitigating factors.
Kallsen’s misrepresentation that his client signed the plea
agreement is a “grave and serious breach of professional ethics.” Iowa
Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Rickabaugh, 728 N.W.2d 375, 382
(Iowa 2007) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (forging
executor’s name on probate report is “grave and serious”). “The integrity
of our legal system depends upon the unquestioned honesty of attorneys
dealing with judges.” Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Seff, 457
N.W.2d 924, 927 (Iowa 1990). We reiterate that
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“[f]undamental honesty is the base line and mandatory
requirement to serve in the legal profession. The whole
structure of ethical standards is derived from the paramount
need for lawyers to be trustworthy. The court system and
the public we serve are damaged when our officers play fast
and loose with the truth.”
Rickabaugh, 728 N.W.2d at 382 (quoting Comm. on Prof’l Ethics &
Conduct v. Bauerle, 460 N.W.2d 452, 453 (Iowa 1990)).
Attorneys who actively disregard this fundamental baseline are
subject to substantial sanctions ranging from permanent disbarment to
six-month license suspensions. We permanently disbarred an attorney
for multiple misrepresentations, including forging the executor’s name on
a probate report submitted to the court, after he had previously been
suspended for forging a judge’s signature to persuade a client he had
filed a lawsuit. Id. at 378, 382. We suspended an attorney for two years
for forging a testator’s signature, procuring two persons to sign as
witnesses, notarizing the subscribing witnesses’ signatures, and
admitting the will into probate. Seff, 457 N.W.2d at 926–27. We
suspended an attorney one year when he notarized signatures that were
not subscribed in his presence and neglected his client’s probate
matters. Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Hutcheson, 504 N.W.2d
899–900 (Iowa 1993). We suspended an attorney for six months for
blindly complying with his client’s request to backdate several records
and then falsely notarizing the documents. Bauerle, 460 N.W.2d at 453–
54. We suspended an attorney for six months for altering and falsely
notarizing a not guilty plea to effect an unauthorized waiver of speedy
trial rights, among other violations. Schall, ___ N.W.2d at ___.
The commission identified the proper aggravating and mitigating
factors. Kallsen was disciplined in 2003 for neglect, and his license was
reinstated only one year prior to this incident. Boles, 808 N.W.2d at 442
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(“A pattern of misconduct is an aggravating factor.”). His failure to
cooperate with the formal disciplinary process is an aggravating factor.
Hearity, ___ N.W.2d at ___ (“[F]ailure to cooperate is a significant
aggravating factor.”). His fee refund is a mitigating factor. See Boles,
808 N.W.2d at 442 (refund is mitigating factor in determining sanction
for unethical accounting and billing practice). Our cases also hold
Kallsen’s voluntary decision to cease the practice of law is a mitigating
factor. Dunahoo, 799 N.W.2d at 535. However, we give this factor less
weight here because Kallsen voluntarily ceased practice for five years
after his 2003 suspension only to later seek reinstatement and again
violate our ethical rules.
The attorney–client relationship requires lawyers to honor and
zealously advocate their clients’ decisions concerning fundamental case
decisions. Attorney honesty is paramount to the proper functioning of
our adversary system. Kallsen’s flagrant disregard of his client’s plea
decision and his active deceit to the district court undermined two of the
most fundamental pillars of our adversary system. After careful
consideration of the record, precedent, aggravating and mitigating
factors, and the two-year suspension recommended by the Board and
commission, we conclude a one-year suspension is appropriate.
V. Conclusion.
We suspend Kallsen’s license to practice law in this state with no
possibility of reinstatement for one year from the date of this opinion.
The suspension applies to all facets of the practice of law, as provided by
Iowa Court Rule 35.12(3), and requires notification to clients, as provided
by Iowa Court Rule 35.22. Upon any application for reinstatement,
Kallsen must establish that he has not practiced law during the
suspension period and that he has complied with the requirements of
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Iowa Court Rules 35.13 and 35.22. The costs of this proceeding are
assessed against Kallsen pursuant to rule 35.26(1).
LICENSE SUSPENDED.