IN THE SUPREME COURT OF IOWA
No. 90 / 05–1059
Filed February 29, 2008
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF AMES COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT,
Appellant,
vs.
DENNIS CULLINAN,
Appellee.
On review from the Iowa Court of Appeals.
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Story County, Kurt L.
Wilke, Judge.
School district board of directors appeals from a district court
order reversing the board’s termination of a coaching contract.
DECISION OF COURT OF APPEALS VACATED; JUDGMENT OF
DISTRICT COURT REVERSED; CASE REMANDED.
Ronald L. Peeler of Ahlers & Cooney, P.C., Des Moines, for
appellant.
David J. Dutton and Corey R. Lorenzen of Dutton, Braun, Staack
& Hellman, P.L.C., Waterloo, for appellee.
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LARSON, Justice.
The board of directors of the Ames Community School District
terminated the coaching contract of Dennis Cullinan under the authority
of Iowa Code sections 279.15–.19A (2003). Cullinan appealed to an
adjudicator, pursuant to Iowa Code section 279.17, who reversed the
termination. The board sought judicial review, the district court
affirmed, and in a two-to-one decision, the court of appeals affirmed as
well. On further review, we vacate the decision of the court of appeals,
reverse the judgment of the district court, and remand.
I. Facts and Prior Proceedings.
Dennis Cullinan was employed by the Ames Community School
District in 1997 as both a high school social studies teacher and head
boys’ basketball coach. (Effective in 1985, a separate contract for
coaching is required, independent of any contract for teaching. See Iowa
Code § 279.19A. It is only Cullinan’s coaching contract that is at issue
here.). At the end of the 1997–98 school year, Cullinan’s probationary
status was extended for a year as the result of complaints the school
administration had received regarding Cullinan’s coaching—particularly
his threatening and intimidating treatment of student-athletes and his
use of profane language directed at the student-athletes. Five basketball
players, including a returning letterman, quit during the season. A
memo to Cullinan from the athletic director on April 14, 1998, in
connection with the extension of his probation, stated:
You are hereby notified that major concerns with the Boys
Basketball Program exist that must be addressed and
corrected during 1998–99.
The memo stated that the school expected the
[c]reation of a Less Threatening Environment for Players.
Again, we must work to end the public perception that a few
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of your athletes have been threatened and intimated. There
must not be any evidence that threats and intimidation are
being used as a motivational tool in any manner. . . . It is
expected that significant improvements in all areas will be
realized during the next school year. As always, members of
the District Athletic Administration will be continually
available to offer any additional assistance necessary to help
you tackle these important issues.
(Emphasis added.)
This memo essentially restated principles that were already
emphasized by the Ames School District in both the parent-athlete
handbook and the coach’s handbook. The parent-athlete handbook
stated, as the first of five “basic principles” that
[t]he welfare of the kids comes first. In athletics
there are numerous opportunities for coaches to exploit kids
in order to win games, and we can all recount instances
where this has happened. The physical, mental, and
emotional well-being of our athletes must at all times be our
primary concern.
The “coach’s handbook” stated:
Your leadership is vital to the end. It is expected to be
of the highest quality exemplifying to the participants,
student spectators, and adult spectators, the individual and
team the qualities to be developed through our activities
program. Measurement of success beyond the tangible
performance record would be the intangible personality
development and self-esteem factors that are a product of
the major objectives of our athletic program.
Because the nature of your responsibilities are in the
“public’s eye,” the district expects that your behavior be
above reproach at all times, both on and off the playing field,
and that your objectives and expectations be high and
conform with the overall philosophy of our school. Good
sportsmanship by your team should be modeled by you and
your staff.
The coach’s handbook also directed: “In practice and competition refrain
from swearing and profane language.”
Cullinan received a satisfactory written evaluation from the athletic
director in May 1999 and was offered a new contract for the 1999–2000
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school year. No further concerns were raised regarding Cullinan’s
coaching until the 2001–02 school year, when he became the subject of
numerous student and parent complaints. During the 2001–02 school
year, captains of the basketball team met with one of Cullinan’s
assistants and Cullinan himself to complain about Cullinan’s treatment
of team members.
One player and his father filed seven harassment complaints,
alleging incidents of name-calling and profanity by Cullinan during the
2000–01 season. The athletic director investigated these complaints and
found they had merit, although they did not meet the harassment-policy
requirement that the acts complained of be “sexual []or discriminatory in
nature.” The results of the harassment investigation were considered by
the administration as a part of a larger inquiry prompted by other
parents’ complaints filed collectively on May 10, 2002. On that date, a
packet of material was delivered to the school administration entitled
“Parents of Ames High Basketball Players vs. Dennis Cullinan.” The
packet contained a copy of the school’s harassment policy and sixteen
letters from fifteen families outlining complaints primarily concerning
Cullinan’s demeanor toward athletes, and the decreasing interest in the
basketball program that resulted.
The authors of the letters stated in their summary of complaints
that their concerns were not based on playing time or Cullinan’s lack of
basketball knowledge, were not about a single event, and were not about
the team’s win/loss record. Rather, the parents stated that their
concerns:
ARE about an environment that impacts young men’s
confidence, self esteem and lives on and off the court.
ARE about long term behaviors over a number of years by
Coach Cullinan that creates a negative, hostile environment.
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ARE about parents and athletes that are afraid to come
forward for fear of retribution or becoming the person with
increased focus for criticism by the coach.
ARE about young men who love basketball, who walk away
because of the environment.
ARE about a coach who advises injured players to not see a
doctor, because they may receive medical restrictions, rather
than showing concern for the health and well being of the
athlete.
ARE about a coach who ignores the rules of the Iowa High
School Athletic Association setting a poor example for ethical
behavior for the young men.
ARE about a coach who can talk a good story, but cannot
“walk the talk.”
In response to the “Parents vs. Cullinan” complaints, Cullinan
outlined his positive influence on the basketball program and provided
several letters of support—primarily from fellow coaches familiar with
Cullinan and his basketball program. The complaints and Cullinan’s
response were investigated by the athletic director, principal, and
superintendent. On June 5, 2002, the athletic director summarized his
conclusions and noted that Cullinan had not heeded the prior
requirements set out in the 1998 probation-extension memo. The
June 5 memo stated:
What complicates the current concerns in our boys’
basketball program even further is that issues about
Mr. Cullinan’s style and demeanor were addressed in a
memorandum dated April 14, 1998, that was placed in his
personnel file by former Ames High A.D. Dave Posegate.
Specifically, Mr. Posegate’s memo states the following:
• “Individuals must be given a sense of self-worth
and an understanding of their overall
importance to the team.”
• “There must not be any evidence that threats
and intimidation are being used as a
motivational tool in any manner.”
....
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My recommendation is that the district’s course of action
involves an inclusive review of all information at hand—Mr.
Posegate’s memo, this memo, the harassment investigation,
all documents provided by the parents, and all documents
provided by Mr. Cullinan. The goal of the undertaking must
be to bring closure to this issue once and for all. Changes
are necessary. Either Mr. Cullinan needs to change how he
addresses and interacts with his players or the district needs
to change the person responsible for leadership in the boys’
basketball program.
(Emphasis added.)
This memo was followed by a memo from the assistant
superintendent, Tim Taylor, to Cullinan dated July 2, 2002, outlining the
administration’s perceptions of Cullinan’s performance and directing
Cullinan to take corrective measures. This memo, compiled following
discussions with the athletic director and the superintendent, stated:
As you are aware, your professional judgment as an athletic
coach is under constant scrutiny from students and parents
as well. By failing to meet expectations you seriously
jeopardize your credibility, place the district in an awkward
situation, and tarnish your own reputation.
The behavior in question is the alleged and perceived
intimidation and emotional abuse and the alleged and
perceived fear of retribution, by you, against student athletes
under your control as members of the varsity boys
basketball program. Such behavior is not consistent with
our standards of conduct and is unacceptable. Several
parents of athletes have stepped forward to express their
belief that fear appears to be the main motivator used by you
as a coach and because, in their opinion, no real relationship
exists between the players and the head coach, it is in the
best interests of their sons to not participate in the varsity
basketball program in the future. These parents have also
requested your immediate termination as Head Varsity boys
Basketball Coach at Ames High. Of great concern is that this
is not a “new” issue. A letter does exist in your personnel file
and meetings for remediation of identical problems within the
boys’ basketball program are documented from 1998.
(Emphasis added.) The memo then included a plan of remediation,
which would result in
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[d]emonstrating a positive and nurturing attitude with
student-athletes
A professional response to offered refinements found within
this document
A thorough understanding that intimidation through
language and action will not be tolerated and do not fit with
the District efforts in teaching and promoting respect for
others.
The plan of remediation included the following provision, which has
become a focal point of this appeal:
It is critical that in the future, when handling or dealing with
acute individual student-athlete corrections, that these
corrections must be:
Done away from the group setting or directed to
the group as a whole
Done in the presence of an assistant coach or in
the presence of the student’s counselor or
parent.
Following this memo, Cullinan received a satisfactory year-end
evaluation for the 2002–03 school year. However, the athletic director
emphasized that the district would “continue to monitor and expect this
coaching style to continue well into the future.”
Unfortunately, Cullinan’s coaching was again called into question
on December 16, 2003, when Cullinan is alleged to have failed to comply
with the July 2, 2002 directive prohibiting one-on-one “acute individual
student-athlete corrections.” Alex Thompson, a player, failed to follow
Cullinan’s coaching instructions during a game, resulting in a turnover.
After the game, Cullinan sent an assistant to bring Thompson to him. It
is undisputed that Thompson and Cullinan met in a hallway without
parents or other adults present and out of earshot of the assistant
coaches, in apparent violation of the administration’s directive of July 2.
Cullinan admitted he met with Thompson, but the tenor and purpose of
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the meeting is in dispute. Thompson claimed it was intimidating.
Cullinan claims that the meeting was not corrective, and furthermore,
the July 2 directive regarding one-on-one meetings was no longer in
effect. Regardless of the purpose or tenor of the meeting, Thompson’s
parents complained about the meeting to the superintendent the next
day.
The administration investigated, concluding Cullinan violated the
directive and suspended him for two games without pay. On March 23,
2004, Michael McGrory, principal, wrote a memo to Cullinan following a
meeting with the athletic director and Cullinan. The principal stated
that “[t]he two main concerns during your terms as coach” were (1)
“[d]evelopment of a team concept” and (2) “[c]reation of a less threatening
environment for players.” The memo continued:
Upon review of all the facts and circumstances during your
tenure as head coach, it is apparent that you have not
rectified the concerns to a satisfactory level. Due to your
inability to make sufficient progress in the before mentioned
concerns, I am recommending to the superintendent that
your basketball coaching contract not be renewed.
On April 28, 2004, based on the principal’s recommendation of
termination and his own investigation, the superintendent recommended
termination of Cullinan’s coaching contract for “[f]ail[ing] to effectively
lead the program [and f]ail[ing] to adequately remediate leadership
deficiencies in [the] program.” A hearing at Cullinan’s request was held
in June and July 2004, and the board voted unanimously to terminate
Cullinan’s coaching contract. Additional facts will be discussed as we
apply them in the disposition of the case.
II. Rules for Review of Termination Decisions.
Review of a school board’s termination of a teacher’s contract is for
correction of errors at law. Walthart v. Bd. of Dirs., 694 N.W.2d 740, 744
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(Iowa 2005). Under Iowa Code section 279.19A, the procedure for
termination of coaching contracts is the same as for teachers’ contracts.
See Iowa Code § 279.16.
Section 279.18 provides that, “[i]n proceedings for judicial review of
the adjudicator’s decision, the court shall not hear any further evidence
but shall hear the case upon the certified record.” On judicial review,
[t]he court may affirm the adjudicator’s decision or remand
to the adjudicator or the board for further proceedings upon
conditions determined by the court. The court shall reverse,
modify, or grant any other appropriate relief from the board
decision or the adjudicator’s decision . . . .
Iowa Code § 279.18. The statute does not state which decision is to be
reviewed by the court—the adjudicator’s or the board’s. However, it is
clear under our case law that we review the board’s findings, not those of
the adjudicator. See Bd. of Educ. v. Youel, 282 N.W.2d 677, 682 (Iowa
1979) (“Under the statutory scheme, the Board alone makes findings of
fact . . . .”).
A reviewing court must determine whether a school board’s
decision is supported by a preponderance of the competent evidence in
the record. Walthart, 694 N.W.2d at 744. On review of the school
board’s decision, especially on issues of credibility, the court is obliged to
give weight to the board’s fact-findings, although it is not bound by them.
Iowa Code § 279.18; Walthart, 694 N.W.2d at 745.
Termination of a teaching or coaching contract may only be for
“just cause.” Iowa Code § 279.15(2). The legislature has not defined just
cause; however, we have stated:
Probably no inflexible “just cause” definition we could
devise would be adequate to measure the myriad of
situations which may surface in future litigation. It is
sufficient here to hold that in the context of teacher fault a
“just cause” is one which directly or indirectly significantly
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and adversely affects what must be the ultimate goal of every
school system: high quality education for the district’s
students. It relates to job performance including leadership
and role model effectiveness. It must include the concept
that a school district is not married to mediocrity but may
dismiss personnel who are neither performing high quality
work nor improving in performance. On the other hand,
“just cause” cannot include reasons which are arbitrary,
unfair, or generated out of some petty vendetta.
Briggs v. Bd. of Dirs., 282 N.W.2d 740, 743 (Iowa 1979).
In addition to these general principles for review of termination
cases, two additional questions arise in this case. The first is what
weight should be given to the hearsay evidence presented to the board,
and the second is what should be the proper scope of the board’s inquiry
into just cause?
A. Hearsay Evidence. It is clear that hearsay evidence is
admissible in teacher termination cases. Walthart, 694 N.W.2d at 744–
45; Fay v. Bd. of Dirs., 298 N.W.2d 345, 349 (Iowa Ct. App. 1980); Iowa
Code § 279.16(4) (“The board shall not be bound by common law or
statutory rules of evidence . . . .”). The question here is how much
weight should be accorded such evidence, and that
will depend upon a myriad of factors—the circumstances of
the case, the credibility of the witness, the credibility of the
declarant, the circumstances in which the statement was
made, the consistency of the statement with other
corroborating evidence, and other factors as well.
Walthart, 694 N.W.2d at 744–45.
Using this multiple-factor test, we believe the hearsay evidence in
this case bore sufficient indicia of reliability to be properly considered.
The administrative reports and memoranda, while hearsay, had been
drafted as part of the school administrators’ official responsibilities. The
parents’ letters in the packet of May 10, 2002, were, in most cases,
signed by the writers, and in all cases, the writers were identified in the
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letters. The writers were therefore subject to being called for questioning
by Cullinan if he had doubts about the accuracy of the letters or the
parents’ motivations for writing them. In addition, the basketball players
themselves were all identified in the letters and subject, if Cullinan had
desired, to be called as witnesses as well. The players’ statements were
made under circumstances that tended to establish credibility. See id. at
745 (indicia of reliability was shown by the fact the “statements were
made by adolescent teens just days after the tragedy”). In Walthart, we
credited this testimony by a counselor and found other indications of
reliability:
“My experience has been you get very, very accurate
information when kids are vulnerable. All their defense
mechanisms are down, and they just lay everything out there
for you to work with.” Second, these statements were often
made in private to trusted officials (i.e., the guidance
counselor and basketball coach), or to figures of authority
(i.e., the superintendent and police officers). Third, the
testimony from all of the hearsay witnesses seems
consistent—they all recalled that, when asked if Carol
Walthart knew of the student drinking, the majority of the
students stated that she did.
Id. Similarly in this case, the players’ statements were made by
teenagers who were obviously distressed by the situation; they were
made to trusted individuals, i.e., their parents; and they carried a
consistent message—the players expressed the view that the coach was
threatening and intimidating toward them.
We reject the argument that the board improperly considered the
hearsay evidence. The termination statute and our cases make it clear
that a board may consider such evidence in making its decision, and the
evidence provided in this case bore sufficient indicia of reliability to be a
part of the record.
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B. The Scope of the Board’s Just-Cause Inquiry. It is true that
the December 16, 2003 hallway incident involving Alex Thompson and
Cullinan, in which Cullinan allegedly violated the plan for remediation,
was the spark that initiated the proceedings for termination. The parties,
however, raise a question as to the scope of the board’s just-cause
inquiry: is it based exclusively on the events of December 16, as
Cullinan appears to argue, or may the inquiry also include Cullinan’s
employment history predating December 16, as the board argues?
The adjudicator adopted a narrow scope of inquiry and limited the
just-cause inquiry to the question of whether the December 16, 2003
incident violated the July 2002 remediation directive concerning one-on-
one meetings. This is clear from his ruling in which he criticized the
board for a “deliberate merging of the earlier incidents with the incident
[on December 16], which triggered the termination at issue.” The district
court and the court of appeals appear to have adopted a narrow scope of
inquiry as well and concluded that the December 16 incident was
insufficient to constitute just cause.
We reject this narrow scope of the board’s inquiry. While the
board’s termination order discussed the December 16 incident at length,
its order made it clear that the termination was based on Cullinan’s
entire history with the district—not just the December 16 incident. The
latter incident was, apparently, merely the proverbial straw that broke
the camel’s back. The superintendent listed two grounds for
termination: “Failure to effectively lead the program [and] . . . [t]o
adequately remediate leadership deficiencies in [the] program.” The
board concluded that both bases for termination had been established.
The attorney who conducted the hearing on behalf of the board
rejected Cullinan’s attempts to restrict the superintendent’s evidence to
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the December 16 incident. She correctly ruled that, because failure to
remediate prior problems had been charged by the superintendent in his
recommendation for termination, the board
[had to go] back to see what happened in the past to indicate
whether or not the employee had knowledge of what was
expected. I do believe that even ’98 as well as 2002 is
relevant for showing that, and so I’m going to rule that it is
relevant for the board to consider what had been told to the
coach in prior years.
The board’s evidence included Cullinan’s entire employment history, and
its decision was based on his failure to remediate prior problems as well
as the events of December 16. The board’s order of termination stated:
The Board . . . finds that while the December 16, 2003,
incident with Alex Thompson would have been a sufficient
reason to terminate Coach Cullinan’s coaching contract,
there was other sufficient evidence to terminate Coach
Cullinan’s contract.
(Emphasis added.)
This broad scope of the just-cause inquiry is consistent with our
case law. In Sheldon Community School District Board of Directors v.
Lundblad, a teacher argued that the board could not consider incidents
“long since resolved.” 528 N.W.2d 593, 596 (Iowa 1995). We rejected
that argument, stating:
On the question of dredging up old records, it is
inescapable that Lundblad’s most recent run-ins with
students and parents merely fit a pattern that has evolved
over several years. The offensive remarks that led to his
resignation as the girls’ track coach in 1986 are not unlike
the derogatory and suggestive comments suffered by the
girls’ basketball team in 1989 or the sarcastic student
evaluations handed out in 1991 and 1992. In each case
Lundblad assured district officials that he would do better in
the future. Individually, the incidents may have been
resolved satisfactorily. We do not believe the board,
however, is compelled to ignore the pattern that emerges.
Id. at 596.
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Similarly, in Randall v. Allison-Bristow Community School District,
528 N.W.2d 588 (Iowa 1995), the teacher was accused of physically
grabbing a student in 1992. Randall, 528 N.W.2d at 590. Nine years
earlier, in 1983, Randall had mishandled a student, resulting in a
warning memorandum. Additional memoranda were issued for other
incidents in 1987 and 1988, noting Randall’s “continued failure to abide
by the district’s policies concerning supervision and/or physical handling
of students.” Id. In Randall, we did not limit our inquiry to the last
incident (the one that actually triggered the superintendent’s
recommendation of termination), but viewed his entire disciplinary
history, noting that the last incident was just “the last in a series.” Id.
We affirmed the termination, and in doing so, we did not even discuss
whether the 1992 incident that triggered the termination proceeding was
sufficient in itself to constitute just cause. It was not necessary to do so.
In this case, as in Randall, a single event, which was “the last in a
series,” merely prompted the school administration to take action.
In this case, Cullinan cannot credibly argue that he was caught by
surprise by the board’s consideration of his entire coaching career at the
Ames High School, rather than limiting it only to the December 16
hallway incident. He was informed throughout his career about the need
for respect toward athletes. These principles were continuously
emphasized in the coach’s and parents’ manuals, the administration’s
memoranda to Cullinan explaining the grounds for extending his
probation, and numerous complaints from parents and students during
his career. Further, Cullinan was notified by the superintendent that
one of the grounds for termination was Cullinan’s failure to remediate
preexisting problems. We conclude the board appropriately considered
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Cullinan’s coaching history in deciding whether to terminate his
coaching contract.
C. The Board’s Just-Cause Determination. Cullinan asserts a
number of arguments supporting his claim that the board did not have
just cause to terminate his coaching contract, even considering his
previous problems in the district. In order to determine whether the
board’s decision was justified by a preponderance of the evidence, we
must address each of Cullinan’s assertions, the board’s evidence, and
the holdings of the adjudicator and of reviewing courts.
First, Cullinan contends the December 16 hallway meeting with
Alex Thompson was not sufficient just cause for termination. This
contention is based, initially, on Cullinan’s argument that the one-on-
one meeting with Thompson did not violate any directive to which he was
subject. Cullinan asserts that the prohibition against one-on-one
meetings contained in the assistant superintendent’s July 2 directive was
not included in the remediation plan he drafted and to which he was
subject. The board responds that Cullinan’s remediation plan merely
supplemented the July 2 directive, and thus, the provisions of both
documents were in effect. We agree with the board that the
administration’s approval of Cullinan’s remediation plan did not evidence
an intent to allow one-on-one meetings between Cullinan and the
student-athletes. Whether Cullinan’s meeting with Thompson on
December 16 qualified as a situation requiring the presence of another
adult is another question.
The July 2 directive required
acute individual student-athlete corrections . . . [to be] [d]one
away from the group setting or directed to the group as a
whole [or] [d]one in the presence of an assistant coach or in
the presence of a student’s counselor or parent.
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The athletic director testified at the board hearing that he had discussed
the meaning of this requirement with Cullinan, and Cullinan understood
what it meant, i.e., that he must not have one-on-one meetings with his
student-athletes. The board credited this evidence and rejected
Cullinan’s version of the matter, based on his demeanor at the hearing.
Additionally, the board credited Thompson’s testimony that the meeting
was intimidating. We give deference to the board’s credibility findings.
The board in its ruling stated it “specifically finds” that the December 16
event was an “acute individual correction” in violation of the July 2
directive. Even if that were not so, the board concluded, the incident
“was intimidating and in violation of his earlier multiple warnings.”
We need not decide whether Cullinan violated the July 2 directive.
Contrary to the decision of the adjudicator and the reviewing courts, our
detailed analysis of the record in this case shows that Cullinan’s
termination did not rise or fall on whether the December 16 hallway
incident violated the July 2 directive. Whether or not the December 16
incident was alone sufficient to constitute just cause, it was certainly
enough to trigger the termination proceeding and open the door to the
board’s consideration of Cullinan’s failure to remediate the problems that
have followed him throughout his career in the Ames district. See
Randall, 528 N.W.2d at 590.
Next, Cullinan attacks the board’s reliance on the parents’
complaints contained in the “Parents vs. Cullinan” packet. Cullinan
argues these complaints lack merit because they are based on their sons’
lack of playing time. He characterized the complaints as a parents’
“conspiracy.” The board rejected this argument, concluding that the
parents’ complaints about playing time, while considered, did not affect
the termination decision. We agree with the board. First, Alex
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Thompson’s complaint, which triggered the termination process, had
nothing to do with playing time. Thompson was, in fact, a starter on the
basketball team and a college recruit. Further, an examination of the
parents’ complaint letters reveal that, while playing time was mentioned,
their primary complaint involved Cullinan’s demeanor toward students
and the damage it was doing to the basketball program. Also, some of
the letters were from parents whose sons had already graduated and
were therefore not concerned with playing time. The parents of one
former player stated:
Kyle’s experience on the Ames High basketball team remains
perhaps the darkest point in his life and one which he finds
difficult to talk about. The most significant thing he took
away from it was a vow never to be put down again.
....
To this day, we are amazed and saddened that this situation
has been allowed to continue. . . . Now, in talking to parents
of current players, we are further saddened in the knowledge
that young people continued to suffer. After all of these
years, still no one wants to listen to this despicable situation
or do anything about it. We are ashamed that this could
continue [to] happen in the Ames schools.
Other letters from parents of former players expressed the same
complaints: intimidation, derogatory treatment, and profanity. Tim
Taylor, the assistant superintendent and personnel director, testified
that most of the parents’ concerns
reflect[] upon such things as intimidation, the use of
profanity, effects upon student athletes’ self-esteem, lack of
team building and that there were concerns that the
program was on shaky ground because kids were not having
fun and not interested in coming out for basketball.
In response to the question of whether it was a playing-time issue, Taylor
replied, “not at all.” The superintendent pointed out that Cullinan’s
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failure to remediate the problems the administration had notified him of
presented a significant concern. He testified:
In my opinion this is repetitive behavior that began as
early as 1998, and we’ve been dealing with it ever since. I
believe another factor that comes into play was I actually
was surprised to know too at how widespread the discontent
amongst the parents of the athletes was at that time. It has
continued. I’m also extremely concerned about whether or
not the kids are really enjoying the basketball experience.
Further, the superintendent emphasized that the students themselves
took the highly unusual step of meeting with the athletic director to
express their concerns about a lack of excitement on the part of the
players, which was attributed to Cullinan’s coaching. This was the
consensus of the administration’s concerns expressed by two athletic
directors, the principal, the assistant superintendent, and the
superintendent. Clearly, the overriding concern of the parents and the
administration was not playing time, but rather “what was happening to
our students.”
Cullinan also contends that Alex Thompson’s complaints about the
December 16 hallway incident were motivated by his desire to deflect
attention from an incident at the winter formal involving Thompson’s
date’s consumption of alcohol. The board found that Thompson reported
the December 16 incident to the administration well before the winter
formal, and the two incidents were not connected. We agree. There is
simply no evidence in the record suggesting Thompson would lodge a
complaint against his coach merely to create a diversion.
When we consider the entire record, we conclude the
superintendent established just cause by a preponderance of the
competent evidence.
19
The adjudicator (but not the reviewing courts) also reversed the
board’s order on the ground it was “unreasonable and a clearly
unwarranted exercise of discretion.” Because we have concluded that
the termination was proper on just-cause grounds, it follows that the
decision was not invalid as unreasonable or an abuse of the board’s
discretion. See DeShon v. Bettendorf Cmty. Sch. Dist., 284 N.W.2d 329,
332 (Iowa 1979) (“As we find just cause for termination, it follows that
the nonrenewal of petitioner’s contract was not arbitrary or an abuse of
discretion.”).
We vacate the decision of the court of appeals, reverse the
judgment of the district court, and remand for a district court order
affirming the decision of the board.
DECISION OF COURT OF APPEALS VACATED; JUDGMENT OF
DISTRICT COURT REVERSED; CASE REMANDED.