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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JORGE ANDRES RAMIREZ-SIERRA,
Appellant No. 911 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 28, 2016
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-38-CR-0000916-2016
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., STABILE, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED MARCH 08, 2018
Appellant, Jorge Andres Ramirez-Sierra, appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed after his jury conviction of possession with intent to deliver
a controlled substance—heroin (PWID) and possession of drug paraphernalia,
and his summary conviction of driving with a suspended license.1 We affirm.
The trial court aptly set forth the relevant factual and procedural
background of this matter in its May 5, 2017 opinion:
[O]n April 29, 2016[,] at 9:30 p.m., [Detective Ryan Mong] and
Detective Michael DiPalo [of the Lebanon County Drug Task Force]
were in an unmarked police vehicle in an area in the City of
Lebanon which is known for its high level of drug activity. They
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 780-113(a)(30) and (32); and 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1543(a),
respectively.
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noticed a white Lexus being operated by [Appellant] with a
burned-out brake light and license plate light and conducted a
traffic stop on Lincoln Avenue at Schnieder Drive. As he
approached the vehicle on the passenger side, Detective DiPalo
observed [Appellant] moving his arm and hand in a downward
motion toward the center console. His hand was empty when he
raised it from that area.
When they made contact with [Appellant], the officers
smelled the odor of burnt marijuana coming from the vehicle and
noticed that there were cigar wrappers[, which often are used to
smoke marijuana,] on the floor. The officers obtained the vehicle
documents from [Appellant] and saw that the registration was in
the name of another individual. When the officers had [Appellant]
exit the vehicle, he admitted that he knew the lights were burned-
out and explained he was planning to have the two burned-out
lights fixed.
The officers advised [Appellant] that they smelled the burnt
marijuana and asked whether he had any on his person or in the
vehicle. [Appellant] replied that he did not. [He] then agreed to
a search of his person and the vehicle. During the search, the
officers found a cellphone and $80.00 on [Appellant’s] person and
another cellphone in the vehicle. They also found a bundle of nine
glassine bags of heroin wedged between the driver’s seat and the
center console where Detective DiPalo had seen [Appellant] place
his hand and arm. A baggie containing marijuana residue was
also found in the vehicle.
After [Appellant] was given his Miranda[2] warnings and
taken to the police department, he signed a waiver of rights and
agreed to talk with the officers. He told the officers that he was
from the Dominican Republic and that he had lived here for five
years. He had been unemployed for fourteen months, but was
scheduled to start a job with Ingram-Micro the following Monday.
He lived with his mother, who would give him $40.00 when he
asked her. He admitted that he used marijuana, but stated that
he did not really use heroin.
(Trial Court Opinion, 5/05/17, at 2-3) (footnote omitted).
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2 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
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On November 2, 2016, the jury convicted Appellant of the
aforementioned crimes. The trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of
time served to not more than twenty-three months of incarceration on
December 28, 2016. It denied Appellant’s post-sentence motions on May 5,
2017, with an explanatory opinion. This timely appeal followed.3
Appellant raises three issues for our review:
(1) Whether the Appellant’s motion for acquittal should be
granted based on the Commonwealth’s failure to present sufficient
evidence at trial to prove the possession with the intent to deliver
element of count one of the information?
(2) Whether the jury’s verdict of guilty as to the possession with
intent to deliver charge was against the weight of the evidence?
(3) Whether the trial court erred when it allowed the
Commonwealth’s possession with the intent to deliver expert to
testify about alleged drug related [text] messages on the
Appellant’s cell phone?
(Appellant’s Brief, at 4) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
In his first issue, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to
support his PWID conviction. (See id. at 8-9). Specifically, he “argues the
Commonwealth failed to prove he possessed the heroin with the intent to
deliver[]” it. (Id. at 8). Appellant’s issue does not merit relief.
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
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3Appellant filed his court-ordered concise statement of errors complained of
on appeal on June 27, 2017. The court did not file a further opinion. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
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crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we
may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for [that
of] the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and
circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by
means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the trier
of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none
of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Irvin, 134 A.3d 67, 75-76 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation
omitted).
Section 780-113(a)(30) of The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and
Cosmetic Act provides in pertinent part that, “[e]xcept as authorized by this
act, the manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or
deliver, a controlled substance by a person not registered under this act, [is
prohibited].” 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30). “[P]ossession with intent to deliver
can be inferred from the quantity of the drugs possessed and other
surrounding circumstances, such as lack of paraphernalia for consumption.”
Commonwealth v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 121 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation
omitted). Further, “expert testimony is important in drug cases where the
other evidence may not conclusively establish that the drugs were intended
for distribution. Such testimony is admissible to aid in determining whether
the facts surrounding the possession of controlled substances are consistent
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with intent to deliver.” Commonwealth v. Ratsamy, 934 A.2d 1233, 1236-
37 (Pa. 2007) (citation omitted).
In this case, Detective DiPalo testified that, when he and Detective Mong
stopped Appellant’s vehicle, he observed Appellant move “like he was placing
something between the driver’s seat and center console.” (N.T. Trial,
11/02/16, at 36). Detective Mong located the heroin in the same area. (See
id. at 37). Detective Mong testified as a fact witness and an expert in the
area of drugs packaged for personal use as opposed to with intent to deliver.
(See id. at 4-18, 28). He testified that several factors supported his opinion
that Appellant possessed the heroin for sale rather than personal use. (See
id. at 28-29). For example, the heroin found in the vehicle was packaged in
a bundle containing nine small glassine bags, as it generally is sold. (See id.
at 9). However, Appellant admitted that he used marijuana but not heroin.
(See id. at 14, 29). Consistent with this, Officer Mong only found
paraphernalia for the use of marijuana. (See id. at 8, 10, 29, 35). Appellant
possessed $80.00, although he had been unemployed for fourteen months.
(See id. at 9, 14, 29, 32). Finally, the contents of Appellant’s cellphone
factored in to Detective Mong’s opinion. (See id. at 30).
Based on the foregoing, and viewing all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, we conclude that the trial
court properly found that it was sufficient to establish the crime of PWID. See
Irvin, supra at 75-76. Appellant’s first issue lacks merit.
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In his second issue, Appellant maintains that the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 9-10). This issue does not
merit relief.
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise
of discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge has
had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented, an
appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings
and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court’s determination that the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. One of the least assailable reasons for granting or
denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction that the verdict
was or was not against the weight of the evidence and that a new
trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
Commonwealth v. Leatherby, 116 A.3d 73, 82 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation
omitted).
Instantly, the trial court found that the verdict did not shock its
conscience, and observed that the jury was free to make its own credibility
determinations in believing the testimony of the officers over the explanations
advanced by Appellant. (See Trial Ct. Op., at 7-8). Upon independent review
of the record, we agree with the trial court that the jury was within its right to
weigh the evidence in the manner in which it did. Hence, we discern no abuse
of discretion on the part of the trial court in denying Appellant a new trial on
the basis of his weight of the evidence claim. See Leatherby, supra at 82.
Appellant’s second issue lacks merit.
In his third issue, Appellant argues that “the court erred when it allowed
Det. Mong to testify as to alleged drug related text message on [Appellant’s]
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cell phone when the Commonwealth was unable to overcome the hearsay
objection and was unable to authenticate the text message[s].” (Appellant’s
Brief, at 11) (unnecessary capitalization omitted). This issue lacks merit.
On appeals challenging an evidentiary ruling of the trial
court, our standard of review is limited. A trial court’s decision
will not be reversed absent a clear abuse of discretion. Abuse of
discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but rather where
the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or where the law is not
applied or where the record shows that the action is a result of
partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will.
Commonwealth v. Aikens, 990 A.2d 1181, 1184-85 (Pa. Super. 2010),
appeal denied, 4 A.3d 157 (Pa. 2010) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
Pursuant to Rule 705 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence, “[i]f an expert
states an opinion[,] the expert must state the facts or data on which the
opinion is based.” Pa.R.E. 705. Further:
It is well-established that an expert may express an opinion
which is based on material not in evidence, including other expert
opinion, where such material is of a type customarily relied on by
experts in his or her profession. Such material may be disclosed
at trial even though it might otherwise be hearsay . . . Such
hearsay is admissible because the expert’s reliance on the
material provides its own indication of the material’s
trustworthiness: The fact that experts reasonably and regularly
rely on this type of information merely to practice their profession
lends strong indicia of reliability to source material, when it is
presented through a qualified expert’s eyes.
In re D.Y., 34 A.3d 177, 182 (Pa. Super. 2011), appeal denied, 47 A.3d 848
(Pa. 2012) (citations and quotation marks omitted); see also Pa.R.E. 703.
Instantly, the trial court explains:
At trial, the Commonwealth sought to present testimony from
Detective Mong regarding the text messages contained in the
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phone [Appellant] had on his person at the time of his arrest.
(See N.T. Trial, at 15). [The trial court] sustained [Appellant’s]
objection as hearsay, but [it] permitted Detective Mong to testify
that he had reviewed the contents of the cellphone prior to
reaching his opinion and that those messages had factored into
the conclusion he had reached. (See id. at 15, 25-27).
[Appellant] argues that [the court] erred in allowing Detective
Mong to rely upon the alleged drug-related text messages in
reaching his opinion because the Commonwealth was unable to
authenticate those text messages.
* * *
Detective Mong testified that his training included the
examination of cellphone communications for the purpose of
conducting investigations of drug trafficking violations. (See id.
at 16). He explained that he relied, in part, on the text messages
contained in [Appellant’s] cellphone in formulating his opinion.
(See id. at 30). Thus, [the trial court] believe[d] that the rules
of evidence with regard to Detective Mong’s opinion were satisfied
and [found] no error in this regard.
(Trial Ct. Op., at 8-10) (record citations provided).
After our independent review of the record, we agree with the trial court
and conclude that it did not abuse its discretion in allowing Detective Mong’s
limited testimony referencing the text messages on Appellant’s cellphone.
See Aikens, supra at 1184-85.4 Appellant’s third issue lacks merit.
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4 Moreover, even assuming arguendo that the trial court abused its discretion
in allowing Detective Mong’s brief reference to the text messages, any such
error would be harmless. The notes of testimony reflect that the text
messages did not affect the outcome of the trial where testimony regarding
other evidence and factors considered by Detective Mong was sufficient to
establish that Appellant possessed the heroin with the intent to deliver. See
Commonwealth v. Rose, 172 A.3d 1121, 1131 (Pa. Super. 2017)
(“Harmless error exists if . . . the properly admitted and uncontradicted
evidence of guilt was so overwhelming and the prejudicial effect of the error
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Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/8/2018
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so insignificant by comparison that the error could not have contributed to the
verdict.”) (citation omitted).
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