In Re: C.M.C., a Minor

J-S81032-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: C.M.C., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
OF
PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: C.F.C., MOTHER

No. 562 MDA 2017

Appeal from the Decree February 27, 2017
in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
Orphans' Court at No.: 85285

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., STABILE, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED MARCH 08, 2018

In these related appeals,1 C.F.C. (Mother) appeals the decrees of the

Court of Common Pleas of Berks County (trial court), entered on February 27,

2017, that terminated her parental rights to her daughter, C.M.C., born in

September of 2013, and her other daughter, also C.M.C., born in February of

2015 (Children). We affirm.2

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 This case is a companion case to No. 563 MDA 2017.

2 The Children’s father, J.M.E. (Father), voluntarily relinquished his parental
rights on December 20, 2016. He did not appeal that termination and he is
not a party to this appeal.
J-S81032-17

Berks County Children and Youth Services (BCCYS) filed their petitions

to involuntarily terminate Mother’s parental rights on February 7, 2017. The

trial court held a hearing on that petition on February 27, 2017. When Mother

failed to appear, counsel for BCCYS, Jennifer Grimes, and the guardian ad

litem, Cathy Badal, moved for the admission of 38 exhibits that supported the

petition and rested. The trial court admitted the exhibits.

This family has been known to BCCYS since 2016 for inappropriate

parenting skills, physical abuse by Father, domestic violence between Mother

and Father, Mother’s unstable mental health, and Mother’s ongoing alcohol

and drug use. Notes of Testimony, February 27, 2017 (N.T.) at 481; Exhibit

38. On January 21, 2016, BCCYS received a report that the Children had welts

on their buttocks and severe diaper rash. On January 21, 2016, Father

admitted to the Pottstown Police Department that he hit the Children daily.

Pottstown Code Enforcement closed Father’s home because it lacked heat. On

January 22, 2016, Father voluntarily signed a safety plan that allowed the

Children to reside with maternal cousins and permitted Father only supervised

contact.

On February 1, 2016, BCCYS obtained an emergency court order placing

the Children in foster care when the maternal cousins said they were no longer

willing to care for the Children. When the Children came into care, both of

them were delayed developmentally. The eleven-month-old was immobile

and not able to sit or crawl, while the three-year-old was unsteady on her feet

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and at times would twitch when she got into trouble or got excited. N.T. at

494; Exhibit 38.

The trial court adjudicated the Children dependent on February 10,

2016, and transferred custody to BCCYS. The trial court ordered Mother to

take parenting education classes; to undergo a drug and alcohol evaluation

and follow any recommendations; to undergo random urinalyses; to secure a

mental health evaluation and follow any recommendations; and to undergo a

non-offending parent evaluation and follow any recommendations. The trial

court also ordered Mother to establish and maintain stable housing and income

and to keep BCCYS informed of any changes in her residence or income.

Finally, she was to visit with the Children as scheduled and act in an

appropriate manner.

Mother was minimally cooperative with services throughout the

Children’s placement, and made little to no progress in any of the services

ordered by the trial court. Mother was discharged from casework services on

November 29, 2016, for non-compliance. Natalie Farst, Mother’s Signature

Family Services Caseworker, opined that Mother’s barriers to progress

continued to be deflections of responsibility, failure to begin therapy, failure

to obtain insurance as well as an inadequate monthly income. N.T. at 488;

Exhibit 38. Mother failed to engage in any drug and alcohol evaluation and/or

treatment. N.T. at 491; Exhibit 38. Mother participated in parenting

education with Kathy Haag from Partners in Parenting and Morgan

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J-S81032-17

Daubenspeck from KidsPeace. BCCYS acknowledged that Mother was

consistent with visitation from February 1, 2016 until July 16, 2016, however,

Mother's attendance declined after this review period. During the review

period dating from June 6, 2016 to September 19, 2016, Ms. Haag voiced

concern that Mother needed, “continual direction and guidance to carry out

the teachings; especially when it comes to discipline.” N.T. at 476; Exhibit

35. For the review period from September 20, 2016 until December 4, 2016,

Ms. Haag opined, “[Mother] commonly struggles managing the [Children]

even in a controlled, predictable environment.” Mother missed five out of

eleven visits during this review period and Ms. Haag suggested that Mother’s

visitation be decreased. N.T. at 479; exhibit 36. During this review period,

Mother failed to attend any of the Children’s medical appointments and failed

to attend the Children's surgery for bilateral myringotomy with insertion of

tympanostomy tubes. N.T. at 493; Exhibit 38.

On May 20, 2016, Mother submitted to a domestic violence and non-

offending parent evaluation with Andrea Karlunas, MSW, LCSW, CDVC,

CSOTS. Ms. Karlunas opined:

Due to [Mother's] inability to maintain sobriety and use
healthy coping skills, [Mother] is unable to protect herself and her
children from violence. [Mother’s] lack of insight that her own
behaviors escalate the circumstances and place her at further risk
and [does] not resolve the matter . . . based on [Mother’s] own
verbal report, she lacks the skills necessary to protect her
children. Specifically, [Mother] lacks the skill necessary to identify
abuse, characteristics of abusers and skills to protect children . .
. It is a concern that Mother lacks long-term sustainability to

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J-S81032-17

remain sober, refrain from abusive relationships, and demonstrate
healthy coping and parenting skills.

N.T. at 235, 236; Exhibit 29.

Ms. Karlunas expressed further concern with Mother’s inability to

recognize the abuse the Children suffered and does not have any confidence

that Mother will be able to successfully parent the Children without first

addressing the abuse, taking responsibility for not protecting them, and

establishing trust with the Children. Ms. Karlunas also opined that Mother

needed to understand the risks of reuniting with Father and demonstrate her

role as a parent and protector. Ms. Karlunas recommended that Mother

participate in non-offending parent psychoeducational sessions followed by

non-offending parent treatment, a mental health evaluation, supervised

visitation, parenting, and random urinalyses. N.T. at 236; Exhibit 29.

After Mother’s evaluation, Mother engaged in non-offending parent

treatment with Julie Karaisz, LSW, of Commonwealth Clinical Group. Mother

attended four out of eleven sessions, fewer than fifty percent. Ms. Karaisz

opined that Mother was never committed to the treatment process and needed

to be in order to be able to develop the skills necessary to identify abuse and

acquire an understanding of the risks of reunification with her Children’s

perpetrator. Mother was discharged from treatment in December of 2016 for

non-compliance. N.T. at 491; Exhibit 38.

Mother submitted to a forensic evaluation by Richard F. Small, Ph.D.,

on May 24, 2016. Dr. Small diagnosed Mother with personality disorder with

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histrionic and dependent features, bipolar disorder, unspecified anxiety

disorder, alcohol-related disorder, unspecified stimulant-related disorder,

posttraumatic stress disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,

primarily hyperactive and impulsive presentation. N.T. at 225; Exhibit 28.

Dr. Small opined, “[Mother's] poor choices are likely to negatively affect her

ability to parent her children. If [Mother] were in a relationship in which her

children were at risk, one could not be assured that she would protect them.”

Dr. Small further opined that Mother has a long-standing substance abuse

disorder and that Mother’s current sobriety is tenuous. N.T. at 225; Exhibit

28. Dr. Small concluded,

Unfortunately, although [Mother] is aware that she has
mental health problems, she has little insight into the seriousness
of these problems, nor the consequences for her children. Long
term intensive therapy would be necessary to make any
significant change . . . [Mother] is unlikely to be able to be a safe
caretaker for her children. Her psychological and relationship
issues are so serious that they are likely to negate her ability to
safely care for her children.

N.T. at 226; Exhibit 28 (brackets added here).

The trial court entered its decrees changing the Children’s goals to

adoption and involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights on February

27, 2017. Mother filed her notices of appeal on March 29, 2017, and her

concise statements of errors complained of on appeal on July 7, 2017.3

____________________________________________

3 When Mother failed to file her concise statements with her notices of
appeal, this Court, on June 12, 2017, ordered Mother to file those

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J-S81032-17

Mother raises the following questions on appeal:

A. Whether the trial court provided [Mother] with proper notice
pursuant to 23 [Pa.C.S.A.] §2513(b) and 15.6 of the Berks County
Orphans [Court] Division procedural rules[?]

B. Whether the evidence presented at trial courts’ [sic] hearing
supports a finding of the [trial] court granting termination of
[Mother’s] parental rights[?]

C. Whether the trial court erred by not addressing the emotional
bonds developed between [mother and Child] prior to terminating
[Mother’s] parental rights[?]

Mother’s Brief, at 3 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

Our standard of review in the termination of parental rights is as follows:

In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our scope
of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence
presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal
conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will
reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial
court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked
competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s
decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

Regarding out review of termination decrees, we have stated:

Where the hearing court’s findings are supported by
competent evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court
even though the record could support an opposite result.

____________________________________________

statements. Mother filed those statements with this Court on June 19, 2017,
and with the trial court on July 7, 2017. Failure to file a concise statement
with a notice of appeal can result in the waiver of the issues raised on
appeal. However, as there was no objection or claim of prejudice from
Appellee, we have accepted the late filings in these cases in reliance on our
decision in In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d 745 (Pa. Super. 2009).

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J-S81032-17

We are bound by the findings of the trial court which have
adequate support in the record so long as the findings do not
evidence capricious disregard for competent and credible
evidence. The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence presented, and is likewise free to make all credibility
determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence. Though we
are not bound by the trial court’s inferences and deductions, we
may reject its conclusions only if they involve errors of law or are
clearly unreasonable in light of the trial court’s sustainable
findings.

In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

Our standard of review of a change of a child’s goal is as follows:

When we review a trial court’s order to change the
placement goal for a dependent child to adoption, our standard is
abuse of discretion. In order to conclude that the trial court
abused its discretion, we must determine that the court’s
judgment was manifestly unreasonable, that the court did not
apply the law, or that the court’s action was a result of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will, as shown by the record. We are bound
by the trial court’s findings of fact that have support in the record.
The trial court, not the appellate court, is charged with the
responsibilities of evaluating credibility of the witnesses and
resolving any conflicts in the testimony. In carrying out these
responsibilities, the trial court is free to believe all, part, or none
of the evidence. When the trial court’s findings are supported by
competent evidence of record, we will affirm even if the record
could also support an opposite result.

Int. of S.G., 922 A.2d 943, 946-47 (Pa. Super. 2007).

The trial court terminated Mother’s and Father’s parental rights pursuant

to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§2511(a)(2), (5), (8), and (b). In order to affirm the

termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree with any one

subsection of Section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.

Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 863 A.2d 1141 (Pa. 2004).

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J-S81032-17

Requests to have a natural parent’s parental rights terminated are

governed by 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511, which provides, in pertinent part:

§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
grounds:

...

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or
refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without
essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for
his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and
causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or
will not be remedied by the parent.

...

(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein
which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511.

It is well settled that a party seeking termination of a parent’s rights

bears the burden of proving the grounds to so do by “clear and convincing

evidence,” a standard which requires evidence that is “so clear, direct,

weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear

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J-S81032-17

conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In re

T.F., 847 A.2d 738, 742 (Pa. Super. 2004). Further,

A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the
parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable firmness in
resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining the parent-
child relationship. Parental rights are not preserved by waiting for
a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental
responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her
physical and emotional needs.

In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (internal

citations omitted).

The fundamental test in termination of parental rights under Section

2511(a)(2) was long ago stated in the case of In re Geiger, 459 Pa. 636, 331

A.2d 172 (1975). There the Pennsylvania Supreme Court announced under

what is now Section 2511(a)(2), that the petitioner for involuntary termination

must prove “[t]he repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect, or

refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential parental

care, control, or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-being

and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal

cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.” Id. at 173.

The Adoption Act provides that a trial court “shall give primary

consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare

of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). The Act does not make specific

reference to an evaluation of the bond between parent and child but our case

law requires the evaluation of any such bond. See In re E.M., 533 Pa. 115,

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J-S81032-17

620 A.2d 481 (1993). However, this Court has held that the trial court is not

required by statute or precedent to order a formal bonding evaluation

performed by an expert. In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529, 533 (Pa. Super.

2008).

In its opinion, the trial court notes, and we agree, that Mother has

waived the issues she raises on appeal by failing to appear at the termination

hearing on February 27, 2017. Mother claims, however, that she was not

properly served with notice of that hearing. We disagree and quote the trial

court’s analysis of this issue, with approval:

Mother has waived any issues she could have raised by
failing to appear for her termination hearing. [See Fillmore v.
Hill, 665 A.2d 514, 516 (Pa. Super. 1995) (“Failure to timely
object to a basic and fundamental error . . . will result in waiver
of that issue. On appeal, the Superior Court will not consider a
claim which was not called to the trial court’s attention at a time
when any error committed could have been corrected.] Mother
now asserts that it was trial court error by failing to adequately
notify mother of the time, date, and location of the termination
hearing. Despite appearing before this [c]ourt, in person, on July
10, 2017, Mother did not raise this issue at the first available
opportunity or attempt to offer this [c]ourt any good cause for her
failure to appear on February 27, 2017 [Fillmore, supra]. The
preliminary order, entered February 10, 2017, set for termination
[sic] for February 27, 2017 at 9:30 am [sic] in the courtroom
assigned to the undersigned. Proof of notice was by sworn
affidavit and filed in the official court file, the United States Postal
service delivery information was attached thereto and shows that
mother signed for the Petition, Preliminary Order and notice on
February 16, 2017 at 12:53 P.M. in Boyertown, PA, which was
eleven days before the hearing. The record shows that notice of
the termination hearing was also published in the Reading Eagle,
a newspaper of general circulation for the area in which Mother
resides, and that said notice was also mailed to Mother via regular
mail. (Notes of Testimony 2/27/17, p. 3.)

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J-S81032-17

Trial Court Opinion, 7/24/17, at 6-7.

Our examination of the record discloses that it contains a Proof of Notice

filed with the trial court on February 23, 2017, that states that BCCYS served

notice of the hearing on Mother on February 13, 2017 by regular and certified

mail. Attached to the Proof of Notice is the United States Postal Service receipt

that demonstrates that Mother personally signed for that notice on February

16, 2017 at 12:53 p.m. at her address of record. Mother had proper notice

of the petition and the date, time and place of the hearing. Mother’s first issue

lacks merit.

In regard to Mother’s other two issues, we have carefully examined the

opinion entered by the trial court on July 27, 2017, in light of the record in

this matter and are satisfied that that opinion is a thorough and correct

analysis of this case. Accordingly, we affirm the decrees of the Court of

Common Pleas of Berks County that terminated Mother’s parental rights

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §2511(a)(2) and (b), and changed the Children’s

goal to adoption, on the basis of the concise, thoughtful, and well-written

opinion of the Honorable Jill Gehman Koestel.

Decrees affirmed.

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J-S81032-17

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 03/08/2018

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 Circulated 02/13/2018 04:23 PM

IN RE: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
C.M.C. and C.M.C. ORPHANS COURT
: Nos. 85284 & 85285
Appeals of C.F.C., Mother Superior Court No. 562 MDA 2017 &
563 MDA 2017
Jennifer Grimes, Esquire, Attorney for Berks County Children & Youth Services
Cathy Badal, Esquire, Guardian Ad Litem
Chenille M. Truitt, Esquire, Counsel for Appellant/Mother/ Appellant C.F.C.
. tl
AMENDED MEMORANDUM OPINION, Koestel, ,J., July,) Y, 2017.
Before the court are Appellant/C.F.C.'s 1 (hereinafter "Mother") appeals of the

Decrees of February 27, 2017 which involuntarily terminated her parental rights to

C.M.C., date of birth September 17, 2013 arid C.M.C. (hereinafter referred to as

"Children"), date of birth February 8, ·2015. Berks County Children & Youth Services

(BCCYS) filed its Petitions for Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights on February

1, 2017, on grounds set forth in 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5) and (8). Hearing on

both petitions was held on February 27, 2017. Despite receiving notice of the hearings

by certified mail, return receipt requested, and having signed for the notices of hearing

and scheduling orders, Mother did not appear at the hearings. The Final Decrees, which

terminated Mother's parental rights to· her two Children, were entered on that date. On

March 28, 2017, Mother, through counsel, filed Notices of Appeal to Superior Court.

Mother had not filed or served this Court with a concise statement of the errors

complained of on appeal, in either case, as required under Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i)

1
Birthfather signed consents on December 20,. 2016; his parental rights have been terminated and he is
not a party to this appeal.

1
['/;:
1;·.
'IJJ,,�.: .
(explaining that in children's fast track appeals; "[t]he concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal shall be filed and served with the notice of appeal required by

Rule 905") (emphasis added). Nor did she secure the transcripts. On ,July 5, 217, the

Superior Court remanded this matter for a determination of whether counsel has

abandoned Mother or whether Mother intended to proceed pro se. In response, we

held a hearing on July 10, 2017, where it was determined that neither situation has

occurred. Inexperienced counsel has since remedied her errors and this matter should

be given a nevi' briefing schedule.

Mother served the Court with an Amended Concise Statement on .Iuly 20, 2017.

Mother now asserts that:

a. "The Trial Court erred by failing to adequately notify Appellant of the time, date and
location of the termination hearing. ·
b. The Trial Court erred in terminating mother's parental rights when there was
insufficient evidence to support a finding of the court's granting termination.
c. The trial court erred by not addressing the emotional bonds that developed between
the child and the Appellant." ·

The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases is well settled:

" ... [it] requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and
credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the
record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate courts review to
determine if the trial court made an error of law or abused its discretion.
A decision may be reversed for an abuse of discretion only upon
demonstration of manifest unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or
ill-will. The trial court's decision, however, should not be reversed merelv
because the record would support a different result. We have previously

2.
 emphasized our deference to trial courts that often have first-hand
observations of the parties spanning mu1tiple hearings."

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa:2013)(citatio11s and quotation marks omitted).

The party petitioning for termination "must prove the statutory criteria for that

termination by at 1east dear and convincing evidence." In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 98 -99

(Pa.Super.ztn uicitations omitted). · Clear and convincing evidence is defined as

"testimony that is so dear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enab1e the trier of fact

to come to a dear conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in

issue." Id. (citation omitted). As the ultimate trier of fact, the Orphans' Court is

empowered to make all determinations of credibility, resolve conflicts in the evidence,

and believe al1, part, or none of the evidence presented. Id. (citation omitted).

The Petitions for Involuntary Termination of Mother's Rights in the present cases

are both based upon the following sub-sections of 23 Pa.C.S.A. §2511:

SUBCHAPTER B. INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION

§2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

(a) General rule.-The rights of a parent in regard to a child may be terminated
after a petition filed on any of the following grounds:

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months
immediately preceding the filing of the petition either has evidenced a settled
purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to
perform parental duties.

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of the parent
has caused the child to be without essentia1 parental care, control or subsistence

3
 necessary for his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of
the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the
parent.

(5) The chi1d has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under
a voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at least six months, the
conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist,
the parent cannot or will not remedy those conditions within a reasonable period
of time, the services or assistance reasonably available to the parent are not likely
to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child
within a reasonable period of time and termination of the parental rights would
best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

·>HH,·

(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under
a voluntary agreement with the agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the
date of the removal or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or
placement of the child continue to exist and termination of parental rights would
best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

23 PA. CONS. STAT.§ 2511, (a)(l), (2), Cs) & (8).

The Court applies a two-part test when determining whether parental rights should

be terminated. In In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505 (Pa. Super. 2007), the Superior Court

described the test as follows:

"Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party seeking termination
must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the parent's conduct satisfies
the statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the
court determines that the parent's conduct warrants termination of his or her
parental rights does the court engage in the second part of the analysis pursuant

4
 10 Section 2011{b): determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare
analysis concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between parent
and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child of permanently
severing any such bond."

Td. at 511 (internal citations omitted).

BCCYS asserts in its petitions that these alleged facts support the aforementioned
grounds for termination:

a. Mother has failed to remediate her substance abuse.
b. Concerns remain regarding Mother's mental health.
c. Concerns remain regarding issues of domestic violence.
d. The inability of mother to appropriately parent the child[ren].

BCCYS has established the grounds for termination under several of the subsections

of Section 2511(a). The grounds for terminating parental rights under Section

2511(a)(2) have been met; these grounds are not limited to affirmative misconduct To

the contrary, these grounds may include, inter alia, incapacity to perform parental

duties. 111 re A.l.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa.Super.2002). Parents are required to make

diligent efforts towards the reasonably prompt assumption of full parental
responsibilities. !JI.. at 340.

Jt was in In re Geiger, 331 A.2d 172 (Pa.1975) that our Supreme Court first

announced the fundamental test in terminating parental rights pursuant to section

2511(0)(2). According to Geiger, three things must be shown before a natural parent's
tights in a child will be terminated:

s
 (1) repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal must be shown;
(2) such incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal must be shown to have caused the
child to be without essential parental care, control or subsistence; and (3) it must
be shown that the causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
not be remedied.

Id. at 173-174; See also In re C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1216 (Pa.Super.eoigticitation

omitted).

"[I]f a parent fails to cooperate [ with services] or appears incapable of benefiting

from the reasonable efforts supplied over a realistic period of time ... the termination

petition may be granted." In the Interest of Lilley, 719 A.2d 327, 332 (Pa. Super. 1998)

(citation omitted). "Regardless of inability or refusal, once a parent demonstrates a

failure to fulfill his or her parental duties, the child's right to fulfillment of his or her

potential in a permanent, healthy, safe environment with proper parenting supersedes

the parent's basic constitutional right to custody and rearing of the child." In re B.L. W.,

843 A.2d 380, 388(Pa.Super.2004).

Mother has waived any issues she could have raised by failing to appear for her

termination hearing. Mother now asserts that it was trial court error by failing to

adequately notify Mother of the time, date and location of the termination hearing.

Despite appearing before this Court, in person, on July 10, 2017, Mother did not raise

this issue at the first available opportunity or attempt to offer to this Court any good

cause for her failure to appear on February 27, 2017. The Preliminary Order, entered

February 10, 2017, set for termination for February 27, 2017 at 9:30 am in the

courtroom assigned to the undersigned. Proof of notice was by sworn affidavit and filed

in the official court file. The United. States Postal Service delivery information was

6
attached thereto and shows that Mother signed for the Petition, Preliminary Order and

Notice on February 16, 2017 at 12:53 p.m . in Boyertown, PA, which was eleven days

before the hearing. The record shows that notice of the termination hearing was also

published in the Reading Eagle, a newspaper of general circulation for the area in which

Mother resides, and that said notice was also mailed to Mother via regular mail. (Notes

of Testimony, 2/27/17, p. 3). Mother had adequate notice of the petition and the date,

time and place of the hearing. This issue lacks merit.

These two children, ages 28 months and 11 months, came to the attention of

BCCYS on ,January 21, 2016, when the agency received a report that both children had

welts on their buttocks and that one of the children had a severe diaper rash. It

appeared that the marks on the children's bodies were made by a belt. Both children

were nonverbal and developmentally delayed. Mother had been admitted into inpatient

treatment for suicidal ideation and drug abuse; the children were left in the care of

birthfather. Birthfather admitted that he hit the children and the report of child abuse

was indicated. (Exhibits 4; 6; 7; 10 & 15). Birthfather signed a safety plan in which the

children would reside with maternal cousins and· all of his contact would be supervised.

(Exhibit 10). After that situation fell apart, three weeks later, on February 1, 2016, the

children were placed into foster care by emergency order. (Exhibit 11).

There was a significant history of domestic violence between the parties. Mother

had pulled birthfather's hair out of his head during an altercation, causing an open,

bleeding cut, so she was charged criminally; birthfather obtained a Protection from

Abuse (PFA) order. Mother later violated the PFA. (Exhibit 9 ).

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 Both children were adjudicated dependent and taken under the care of the Court,

(Exhibits 17 & 18). Mother was court ordered to cooperate with, inter alia, parenting

education, a mental health evaluation and any recommended treatment, a domestic

violence evaluation and any recommended treatment, a drug and alcohol evaluation and

any recommended treatment, random urinalysis, and maintaining stable appropriate

housing and income.

One month after placement, birth father agreed to dismiss the PFA against

Mother and Mother reconciled with him, despite birth father being indicated for physical

abuse on both of her children, as well as birthfather's severe neglect of her youngest

child during Mother's absence from the home. Mother minimized birthfather's abuse of

her children, rationalizing that he just "spanked" them. Mother was evaluated by Dr.

Richard Small, who opined back in May 2016 that; at that time, Mother was unlikely to

be able to be a safe caretaker for her children because of her psychological and

relationship issues. (Exhibits 21; 28). Mother's sobriety remained tenuous during this

review period. She has a tendency to i·elapse. Mother has serious mental health issues,

including bipolar disorder and a significant personality disorder. Mother makes poor

relationship choices that negatively affect her ability to parent her children. Mother has

little insight into the seriousness of these problems or the consequences for her children.

Dr. Small opined, "At this time, [Mother] is unlikely to be able to be a safe caretaker for

her children. Her psychological and relationship issues are so serious that they are likely

to negate her ability to safely care for her children." (Exhibit 28, page 6) .. The agency

and the Court have no assurance that Mother would protect her children .

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 Over the last year, nothing with Mother has changed since Dr. Small made his

evaluation in May of 2016. Mother failed to comply with her sessions with the

caseworker at Signature Family Services and was discharged because of lack of progress

and failure to attend most of her sessions. (Exhibit 26). Mother also failed to attend

half of her recommended sessions with Commonwealth Clinical Group and was

unsuccessfully discharged. (Exhibits 29 & 30). Mother's psychotherapist reported that

Mother was resistant to the treatment process despite the fact that she needs to develop

skills to identify abuse and acquire insight and understanding of the risks of

reunification with her children's perpetrator. (Exhibit 30). Mother did not participate

in the recommended drug and alcohol treatments.

Mother's visits with the children went well in the beginning, but then she missed

visits and refused to take any responsibility for why that happened. Mother had issues

with discipline techniques, even though they were reviewed with her at every visit. It

was recommended throughout that the visits remain supervised. One of the visits was

cancelled by birthfather by text message, alleging that Mother was using meth and

heroin. (Exhibit 37). This is further indication of Mother's tenuous grasp on sobriety.

Mother's significant history of drug and alcohol abuse, and lack of treatment, makes it

clear to this Court that Mother will relapse.

BCCYS established, by clear and convincing evidence, that Mother failed to fulfill

her parental duties, that she is incapable of parenting her children and that she is also

incapable of keeping her children safe because of her mental health issues, substance

abuse and poor relationship choices. (Exhibits 1:-:38). Mother's issues have caused her

9
children to be without essential parental care and control. Despite intervention and

proffered services, the causes of Mother's incapacity will not be remedied any time soon.

"Following the hearing to determine if the parent's behavior warrants termination of

his or her parental rights, the court must consider whether the termination will clearly

promote the welfare of the child." In re: B.L.L., 787 A.2d 1007, 1013 (Pa.Super.2001).

"A parent's basic constitutional right to the custody and rearing of his or her child is

converted, upon the parent's failure to fulfill his or her parental duties, to the child's

right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent,

healthy, safe environment." Id. Above all else in determining whether parental rights

should be terminated, adequate consideration must be given to the needs and welfare of

the child. In re Child M., 452 Pa.Super. 230, 681 A.2d 793 (1996), appeal denied, 546

Pa. 674, 686 A.2d 1307 (1996).

We find that termination of Mother's parental rights will have no detrimental

effect on her children, in part, because they are very young, but also because Mother

could not maintain sobriety or put the needs and safety of her children above those of a

paramour. While the children were happy to see Mother during the supervised visits,

Mother herself acknowledged that there is no real bond with her children because she

was not able to see them for six months, due to the PFA violation, and because she had

limited contact with them after they were placed. (Exhibit 28, page 3). Mother now

asserts in her concise statement that a bond exists that must be considered.

The Supreme Court has made it clear that the Courts must consider the damage

caused to a child if bonds to biological parents, who have been proven incapable of

parenting, are left intact. In re: T.S.M., supra. Severing any alleged parental bond with

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Mother best serves the needs and welfare of her children. The children have progressed

significantly in their development since they have been in placement. Both children are

very attached to their foster mother and foster grandmother, more so than with Mother

or birthfather. (Exhibit 33, page 60). Mother resents when her children call the foster

mother "morn," a situation that may impede her children's ability to attach to a pre-

adoptive family who can provide needed care and stability. (Exhibit 28, page 3). We

find that any bonds that may exist between Mother and these children are not necessary

or beneficial to their well-being. Severing such bonds would not cause the children

psychological harm, and in fact, may prevent Mother's interfering with the children's

bond with their foster family.

These children have been in placement for well over a year. They are attached to

their foster family and look to them to have all their needs met. 'They call their foster

parents "mom" and "dad." (Exhibit 38). Both are doing well in their foster home, and

both have made significant improvements developmentally. The needs and welfare of

these abused children are best met by the foster parents in a safe and stable home.

They deserve a chance for a normal life. By this decision, we "keep the ticking clock of

childhood ever in mind," as we must. T.S.M. at 269.

We respectfully request that the Superior Court affirm the Decrees entered on

February 27, 2017, that terminated Mother's parental rights to her children.