STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
In re E.C., D.C., and G.S.-1 April 13, 2018
EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
No. 17-1046 (Mingo County 16-JA-65, 66, and 67) SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Father G.S.-2, by counsel Susan J. Van Zant, appeals the Circuit Court of
Mingo County’s October 25, 2017, order terminating his parental rights to E.C., D.C., and G.S.-
1.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel S.L.
Evans, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), Diana Carter Wiedel, filed a response on behalf of the children also in support of
the circuit court’s order and a supplemental appendix. On appeal, petitioner argues that the
circuit court erred in terminating his parental rights without a proper adjudication.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court vacates the circuit court’s October 25, 2017, dispositional order because of
its failure to properly adjudicate petitioner as required by West Virginia Code § 49-4-601.
Accordingly, this case satisfies the “limited circumstances” requirement of Rule 21(d) of the
West Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure, and a memorandum decision is appropriate to
resolve the issues presented.
On September 30, 2016, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner
alleging that G.S.-1 was born prematurely and tested positive at birth for benzodiazepines and
marijuana. On October 17, 2016, the circuit court held a preliminary hearing which petitioner
waived. Petitioner was granted a pre-adjudicatory improvement period and an adjudicatory
hearing was scheduled. On November 16, 2016, the circuit court held a hearing that was referred
to as an adjudicatory hearing. However, according to the record, no evidence was presented and
no findings regarding adjudication were made. On March 15, 2017, the guardian brought to the
circuit court’s attention that “this case got a little bit off track” and that petitioner had not yet
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). Additionally, because one of the children and petitioner
share the same initials, they will be referred to as G.S.-1 and G.S.-2, respectively, throughout this
memorandum decision.
1
been adjudicated as an abusing parent. Nevertheless, hearings were continued several times until,
ultimately, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing on August 30, 2017, at which
petitioner’s parental rights as to all the children were terminated. According to the record, the
first time the DHHR presented any testimonial evidence was at the dispositional hearing. It is
from the October 25, 2017, dispositional order that petitioner appeals.2
The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).
In his sole assignment of error, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating
his parental rights because it never properly adjudicated him of abuse and/or neglect. The record
shows, however, that petitioner did not object to this issue below, thus requiring the application
of a plain error analysis.3 “The ‘plain error’ doctrine grants appellate courts, in the interest of
justice, the authority to notice error to which no objection has been made.” State v. Miller, 194
W.Va. 3, 18, 459 S.E.2d 114, 129 (1995). To satisfy the “plain error” standard to allow appellate
review of unpreserved errors, the appellate court must find: “(1) an error; (2) that is plain; (3)
that affects substantial rights; and (4) seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation
of the judicial proceedings.” Id. at 7, 459 S.E.2d at 118, Syl. Pt. 7, in part. We find that this case
meets these elements.
This Court has previously held that
2
The mother’s parental rights were also terminated. According to the DHHR and the
guardian, the children are currently placed in foster homes and the permanency plan is adoption
therein.
3
On appeal, petitioner failed to phrase his assignment of error “in such a fashion to alert
the Court to the fact that plain error is asserted” per Rule 10(c)(3) of the West Virginia Rules of
Appellate Procedure. However, under that rule, this Court has the discretion and jurisdiction to
review this issue under the plain error doctrine.
2
“[i]n a child abuse and neglect hearing, before a court can begin to make
any of the dispositional alternatives under [West Virginia Code § 49-4-604] it
must hold a hearing under [West Virginia Code § 49-4-601] and determine
‘whether such child is abused or neglected.’ Such finding is a prerequisite to
further continuation of the case.”
Syl. Pt. 1, State v. T.C., 172 W.Va. 47, 303 S.E.2d 685 (1983)(emphasis added). Here, it is
apparent that an adjudicatory hearing was scheduled, but it was continued several times, until,
ultimately, the circuit court proceeded to disposition without ever holding the hearing or taking
evidence pertaining to adjudication. Upon a review of the record, it is clear that the DHHR
presented no evidence to meet its burden of proof for establishing abuse and/or neglect and no
such findings based upon the conditions existing at the time of the filing of the petition were
made by the circuit court as required by West Virginia Code § 49-4-601.4
On appeal, the DHHR acknowledges that the record does not show that petitioner was
adjudicated as an abusing parent, and further acknowledges that he must be adjudicated in order
for his parental rights to be properly terminated. Likewise, the guardian admits that “there were
some procedural issues in this matter” and that any adjudication of petitioner, if the circuit court
had ruled on the issue, would have been a mistake because there was no evidence to support it.
As such, we find that the circuit court’s failure to adjudicate petitioner constitutes a plain error
that affected petitioner’s substantial rights and seriously affected the fairness, integrity, and
public reputation of the proceedings. Simply put, the DHHR must be required to satisfy its
burden of proof in all child abuse and neglect proceedings and parents must be afforded the right
to meet such evidence.
We have held that
[w]here it appears from the record that the process established by the
Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings and related statutes
for the disposition of cases involving children adjudicated to be abused or
neglected has been substantially disregarded or frustrated, the resulting order of
disposition will be vacated and the case remanded for compliance with that
process and entry of an appropriate dispositional order.
Syl. Pt. 5, In re Edward B., 210 W. Va. 621, 624, 558 S.E.2d 620, 623 (2001).
For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the circuit court’s October 25, 2017, dispositional
order and remand the matter, with instructions for the circuit court to forthwith hold an
4
West Virginia Code § 49-4-601(i) provides, in part, that
[a]t the conclusion of the adjudicatory hearing, the court shall make a
determination based upon the evidence and shall make findings of fact and
conclusions of law as to whether the child is abused or neglected and whether the
respondent is abusing, neglecting, or, if applicable, a battered parent, all of which
shall be incorporated into the order of the court. The findings must be based upon
conditions existing at the time of the filing of the petition and proven by clear and
convincing evidence.
3
adjudicatory hearing in regard to petitioner, and for further proceedings consistent with the West
Virginia Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings and Chapter 49 of the
West Virginia Code.5 The circuit court is further directed to conclude the matter by entry of a
final order within sixty days of the issuance of the Court’s mandate. The Clerk is directed to
issue the mandate contemporaneously herewith.
Vacated and remanded.
ISSUED: April 13, 2018
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
5
Further, based on the representations of respondents and the record on appeal, the Court
finds that the children’s current temporary placement is appropriate and in their best interests at
this time. Accordingly, we instruct the circuit court to maintain this temporary placement until
such time as the circuit court is tasked with determining an appropriate permanent placement for
the children pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b) and the applicable Rules of Procedure
for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings.
4