STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
CARMEN ESQUIVEL, UNPUBLISHED
April 19, 2018
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v No. 337633
Calhoun Circuit Court
LASSEN PONTIAC BUICK CADILLAC, INC., LC No. 2016-002013-NO
Defendant-Appellee.
Before: O’BRIEN, P.J., and CAVANAGH and STEPHENS, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff appeals as of right an order granting summary disposition in defendant’s favor
under MCR 2.116(C)(10) in this slip and fall case. We affirm.
On August 1, 2013, plaintiff dropped off her vehicle for repairs at defendant’s service
department. Upon her return, the service advisor, Spencer Wilson, recognized plaintiff and
waved her into the service department through one of the large, open garage doors. Wilson was
the only one there. After plaintiff took three to six steps into the garage, she slipped and fell
backwards. She did not know what she slipped on until she got up and noticed that the back of
her shirt was wet. Wilson helped plaintiff up and also noticed that her back was wet. Wilson
examined the area where plaintiff fell and found a small spot of clear, water-like substance on
the ground. It looked to him like it was water that had dripped from a vehicle’s air conditioning
system. It was a hot summer day and it had not been raining. However, no one had seen the
substance on the floor before plaintiff fell. This premises liability lawsuit followed.
Defendant eventually moved for summary disposition, arguing that it had no notice,
either actual or constructive, of the allegedly hazardous condition that caused plaintiff to fall.
Plaintiff argued that defendant had constructive notice of the hazardous condition based on the
nature and use of the service department and its duty to inspect the premises. The trial court,
relying on Lowrey v LMPS & LMPJ, Inc, 500 Mich 1; 890 NW2d 344 (2016), held that plaintiff
had not presented any evidence demonstrating that defendant either knew or should have known
about the substance on the ground before plaintiff fell. Accordingly, defendant’s motion for
summary disposition was granted. This appeal followed.
Plaintiff argues that defendant had constructive notice of the hazardous condition;
therefore, the trial court erred in granting summary disposition in favor of defendant. We
disagree.
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We review de novo a trial court’s decision on a motion for summary disposition. Old
Kent Bank v Kal Kustom Enterprises, 255 Mich App 524, 528; 660 NW2d 384 (2003). A motion
for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests whether there is factual support for a
claim and should be granted when there is no genuine issue regarding any material fact.
Universal Underwriters Group v Allstate Ins Co, 246 Mich App 713, 720; 635 NW2d 52 (2001).
In reaching that decision, the court must consider all pleadings, affidavits, depositions, and other
documentary evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Cowles v Bank West,
476 Mich 1, 32; 719 NW2d 94 (2006). A party moving for summary disposition under MCR
2.116(C)(10) meets its burden by submitting affirmative proof that negates an essential element
of the nonmovant’s claim or by demonstrating that the nonmovant’s evidence is insufficient to
establish an essential element of the claim. Lowrey, 500 Mich at 7 (citation omitted).
It is undisputed that plaintiff was an invitee of defendant and her negligence claim is
based on premises liability. To succeed in a negligence claim based on premises liability,
an invitee must show that the premises owner breached its duty to the invitee and
that the breach constituted the proximate cause of damages suffered by the
invitee. A premises owner breaches its duty of care when it knows or should
know of a dangerous condition on the premises of which the invitee is unaware
and fails to fix the defect, guard against the defect, or warn the invitee of the
defect. [Lowrey, 500 at 8 (quotation marks and citations omitted).]
Thus, an essential element of a premises liability claim is the defendant’s knowledge of the
alleged defect. Id. at 12. The defendant must have had either actual or constructive notice of the
dangerous condition at issue. Id. at 9 (citation omitted). To establish this notice element, the
plaintiff must demonstrate either that the defendant knew about the dangerous condition or that
the defendant should have known of it because of its character or the duration of its existence.
Id. at 11.
Here, as in the Lowrey case, plaintiff failed to submit affirmative proof sufficient to
demonstrate a question of fact regarding defendant’s actual or constructive notice of the
allegedly dangerous condition at issue. Plaintiff does not even contend that defendant had actual
notice of the condition. Rather, plaintiff argues that defendant should have had notice of the
condition because “when vehicles are brought into the service garage for repairs or service in the
hot summer months there is a certain likelihood that the vehicle will leak fluids.” However, the
focus of inquiry is on the specific or particular condition that gave rise to plaintiff’s claims. The
issue is whether the alleged “hazard was of such a character, or had existed for a sufficient time,
that a reasonable premises possessor would have discovered it.” Id. at 11-12. Plaintiff presented
no evidence tending to show when the hazardous condition arose or that the condition had
existed for a sufficient time for defendant to have discovered it. Further, as in Lowrey, “plaintiff
presented no evidence that the hazardous condition in this case was of such a character that the
defendant should have had notice of it.” See id. at 12. Plaintiff and Wilson testified that the
back of plaintiff’s clothes were wet after she fell and Wilson found a small spot of clear, water-
like substance on the ground. However, these two characteristics—wetness and clear fluid—do
not give rise to an inference that defendant should have noticed the condition. In other words,
these characteristics are not unique qualities that made the allegedly dangerous condition readily
observable so that a reasonable premises possessor would have discovered it. And the fact that
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neither plaintiff nor her companion noticed the clear, wet condition before plaintiff fell supports
that conclusion.
In summary, viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to plaintiff as the nonmoving
party, defendant met its burden by demonstrating that plaintiff’s evidence is insufficient to
establish an essential element of her claim—that defendant had actual or constructive notice of
the allegedly dangerous condition before plaintiff fell. See id. at 7, 9. Accordingly, the trial
court properly granted defendant’s motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10).
Affirmed.
/s/ Colleen A. O’Brien
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens
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