Vermont Superior Court
Environmental Division
State of Vermont
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E N T R Y R E G A R D I N G M O T I O N
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Linda C. Nordlund. Docket No. 42-3-10 Vtec
v.
Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand; Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand 2007 Trust; Mark L.
Van Nostrand and Nancy A. Van Nostrand
(private enforcement action of municipal zoning proceedings)
Title: Motion to Dismiss Defendants' Counterclaims, (Filing No. 1)
Filed: April 7, 2010
Filed By: Karl W. Neuse, Attorney for Plaintiff Linda C. Nordlund
Response in Opposition filed on 04/20/10 by Defendants Elizabeth M. Van
Nostrand and the Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand 2007 Trust
Response in Opposition filed on 04/20/10 by Defendants Mark L. and Nancy A.
Van Nostrand
Reply filed on 05/03/10 by Plaintiff Linda C. Nordlund
_X_ Granted ___ Denied ___ Other
In response to Plaintiff Linda Nordlund’s zoning enforcement action under
24 V.S.A. § 4470(b), Defendants Mark and Nancy Van Nostrand and Elizabeth Van
Nostrand, both in her personal capacity and in her capacity as trustee of the
Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand 2007 Trust, filed counterclaims against Plaintiff.1
Plaintiff moved to dismiss all counterclaims for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction, and Defendants moved to allow their counterclaims. Defendants
have also filed motions for summary judgment to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint.
A separate Entry Order, also issued today, addresses the motion to dismiss
Plaintiff’s Complaint; this Entry Order only addresses whether Defendants’
counterclaims should be dismissed. For the reasons detailed below, we conclude
that Defendants’ counterclaims are beyond our jurisdictional authority and must
therefore be DISMISSED.
Any defendant against whom a complaint is filed is entitled to include in
their response a counterclaim against the plaintiff. V.R.C.P. 13(a). However,
any counterclaim asserted by a defendant in an Environmental Court proceeding
must respect the jurisdictional limitations of this Court. Today, in a
separate Entry Order, we have determined that Plaintiff Nordlund’s claims are
beyond the scope of this Court’s jurisdiction. Since Defendants’ claims against
Plaintiff suffer from a similar jurisdictional flaw, we must also conclude that
Defendants’ counterclaims must be dismissed as a matter of law.
The Environmental Court is a court of limited jurisdiction and, as such,
it only possesses the authority granted to it by the Legislative and Executive
branches of our state government. The power of this Court is limited to cases
1
Although Defendants are referred to collectively, we note here that Defendant Elizabeth Van Nostrand and
Defendants Mark and Nancy Van Nostrand have separate interests, but have not sought separate trials.
Nordlund v. Van Nostrand, No. 42-3-10 Vtec (Entry Order on Plaintiff’s motion to dismiss)(07-07-10) Page 2 of 2.
arising under specific statutes. See 4 V.S.A. § 1001. “There is no
presumption of jurisdiction as to courts of special and limited powers.”
Barber v. Chase, 101 Vt. 343, 351 (1928) (citing Barrette v. Crane, 16 Vt. 246,
252, 254 (1844)). The Environmental Court’s authority is narrowly defined; we
must be diligent in refusing to address matters not within our jurisdiction.
“It has long been the law of this State that a court will dismiss a cause at
any stage, whether moved by the party or not, when it is discovered that it
[lacks subject matter] jurisdiction.” Gerdel v. Gerdel, 132 Vt. 58, 65 (1973)
(citing In re Bellows Falls Hydro-Elec. Corp., 114 Vt. 443, 445 (1946)). “This
Court has a duty to dismiss legal issues ‘[w]henever it appears by suggestion
of the parties or otherwise that the court lacks jurisdiction of the subject
matter.’” In re Champlain Marina, Inc., Dock Expansion, No. 28-2-09 Vtec, slip
op. at 9 (Vt. Envtl. Ct. July 31, 2009) (Durkin, J.) (quoting V.R.C.P.
12(h)(3)).
By their counterclaims, Defendants assert that Plaintiff has (1)
wrongfully installed a privacy fence within their right of way; (2) “has
engaged in spiteful, vindictive, malicious, intimidating and harassing
behavior” against Defendants; (3) has violated “Defendants’ property rights”;
and (4) has caused Defendants to suffer unjust, unwarranted, and unnecessary
monetary damages.” Defendants Mark and Nancy Van Nostrand’s Answer at 2.2
For the purpose of reviewing Plaintiff’s motion to dismiss, we must
regard all of Defendants’ factual allegations as true and view them in a most
favorable light. In re Hinsdale Farm, 2004 VT 72, ¶ 5, 177 Vt. 115 (citing
Jordan v. State Agency of Transp., 166 Vt. 509, 511 (1997)). Even in this
light, however, we have searched in vain for the statutory authority to render
the legal determinations Defendants seek by their counterclaims. No statutory
provision that outlines our jurisdiction authorizes this Court to adjudicate
real property rights or damage disputes between neighbors. See 4 V.S.A.
§ 1001(a), (b) (establishing the Environmental Court and outlining its
jurisdictional authority). Without a legal foundation to adjudicate the claims
Defendants present, we are without the legal authority to grant their requested
relief, no matter the possible merit of their claims. In the absence of the
jurisdiction to hear and decide their claims, we must dismiss them. For these
reasons, Plaintiff’s motion to dismiss all of Defendants’ counterclaims is
hereby GRANTED.
___________________________________________ ___July 7, 2010______
Thomas S. Durkin, Judge Date
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Date copies sent to: ____________ Clerk's Initials _______
Copies sent to:
Karl W. Neuse, Attorney for Plaintiff Linda C. Nordlund
James C. Foley, Jr., Attorney for Defendants Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand and
the Elizabeth M. Van Nostrand 2007 Trust
Defendant Mark L. Van Nostrand
Defendant Nancy A. Van Nostrand
2
Mark and Nancy Van Nostrand filed a joint Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint; Elizabeth Van Nostrand filed her own
Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint. While Elizabeth did not specifically repeat these factual allegations in the
counterclaim section of her Answer, she did repeat the prayers for relief in her counterclaim. At the time of filing of
their respective Answers, all Defendants appeared as self-represented litigants. Thereafter, Attorney James C. Foley,
Jr. entered his appearance on behalf of Elizabeth Van Nostrand, in both her filing capacities.