STATE OF VERMONT
ENVIRONMENTAL COURT
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In re: Appeal of }
Richard and Betty Harrison } Docket No. 48-3-99 Vtec
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Decision and Order on Appellants= Motion for Summary Judgment
Appellants appealed from a decision of the Zoning Board of Adjustment (ZBA) of the
Town of Castleton denying approval of their plans for either an attached or a detached
garage. Appellants are represented by John D. Hansen, Esq.; the Town is represented by
John S. Liccardi, Esq. Appellants have moved for summary judgment.
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Appellants own a .25-acre (10,890 square foot) parcel of land on the shore of Lake
Bomoseen. The parcel was created, after the adoption of zoning in Castleton, as Lot #7 on
a survey plat entitled ALands of Robert Brothers - Plan of Lots@ dated November 11, 1977.
The property had been the former Cedar Grove Hotel property. When it was created, Lot
#7 contained a structure containing a social hall and cottage. That building was taken
down in 1980.
The lot has been in individual, separate and unaffiliated ownership since February
1985, when it was sold by Brothers to Craig Johnson. The lot was sold by Johnson to
Arthur Lennox and his wife in October 1985. The Lennoxes obtained a variance in 1989,
pursuant to which they constructed the single-family dwelling now on the lot. The
Lennoxes sold the lot and dwelling to Appellants in 1990.
A zoning ordinance has been in effect in Castleton since August 24, 1971, was
amended in 1973, 1975, 1978, 1979 and 1985, and was superseded by the present zoning
ordinance effective August 20, 1987. The ordinances in effect in 1977 when the lot was
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The parcel measures 133.7 feet along Route 30, 80.8 feet along its south line
to the lake, approximately 110 feet along the lake shore, and 100.45 feet diagonally
back to Route 30.
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created, in 1980 when the structure originally on the lot was taken down, or in 1985 when
the Lennoxes purchased it as a vacant lot, have not been presented in evidence.
However, the existing small lot provision is required to be incorporated by state statute, 24
V.S.A. '4406(1).
The existing small lot provision of the ordinance and 24 V.S.A. '4406(1) does not
apply because the lot was not in separate ownership at the time of the adoption of zoning
in Castleton. Moreover, the existing small lot provision does not apply because the lot has
been improved with a dwelling. As this Court discussed in In re: Appeal of Persis
Corporation, Docket No. 100-6-98 Vtec (Vt. Envtl. Ct., July 28, 1999), the Aexisting small
lot@ provisions Aonly guarantee that an undersized lot may be developed at all for a
reasonable economic use; and this undersized lot has been so developed. Those
provisions do not guarantee indefinite expansion of uses on undersized lots.@ See, also,
Lubinsky v. Fair Haven Zoning Bd., 148 Vt. 47 (1987).
Accordingly, based on the foregoing, Appellants= Motion for Summary Judgment is
DENIED, and summary judgment is entered for the Town. The Aexisting small lot@
provision does not allow Appellants to construct either an attached or a detached garage,
as the property is already improved with a reasonable use. The expansion of a pre-
existing, non-conforming use provision does not apply, because the residential use
commenced in 1989, and therefore it did not predate even the most recent zoning
ordinance, and certainly did not predate the adoption of zoning in Castleton. Because the
dwelling on the lot was constructed under the terms of a variance, any additions or
changes to it must obtain an amendment to the variance from the ZBA. Such an
application is not, or is not yet, before this Court.
Done at Barre, Vermont, this 14th day of July, 2000.
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Merideth Wright
Environmental Judge
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